scholarly journals 1153. UV-C Technology Is an Effective Adjunct to Terminal Cleaning in Environmental Pathogen Reduction in a Tertiary Pediatric Hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S346-S347
Author(s):  
Prachi Singh ◽  
Amanda Lucas ◽  
Monica Nayakwadi Singer
Keyword(s):  
Surface Cleaning ◽  
Colony Count ◽  
Light Cycle ◽  
Pediatric Hospital ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Bacterial Counts ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Grant Recipient ◽  
Pathogen Reduction ◽  
Uv C

Abstract Background Effective environmental surface cleaning plays a vital role in reducing transmission of hospital-acquired infections. There remains a paucity of data in the pediatric literature regarding environmental pathogen reduction utilizing UV-C light. The objective of this study was to evaluate the reduction of environmental pathogens using UV-C light (Clorox Optimum-UV) as an adjunct to terminal cleaning in a free-standing tertiary pediatric hospital. Methods Upon patient discharge, a subset of patient rooms were tested for pathogens. Surface swabs were collected from high touch surfaces (call button, telemetry monitor, door handle, flush handle of toilet, faucet, bed rail, phone, keyboard pad, mouse, side table, dresser, and light switch). After terminal cleaning of the room, per hospital protocol the Clorox Optimum-UV completed one or two cycles of 5 minutes each depending on the dimensions of the room. Post-UV-C surface swabs were obtained from the same high touch areas in the room. Total colony count was reported from each of the surfaces swabbed. Swabs were streaked onto non-selective agar and incubated at 30-35oC for 72–96 hours. Mean plate colony count was determined manually and reported as CFU/swab. Data analysis was performed in Minitab 18.1. Fisher least significant difference (LSD) test was used to describe the difference between total bacterial counts at each time point (Pre-clean: dirty room, Post-clean: pre-UV-C/post-terminal clean, Post-UV: post UV-C light cycle). Results Mean total colony counts prior to cleaning the room was 92.3 CFU (33 surfaces), Pre-UV-C light 45.6 CFU and post-UV-C light 5.8 CFU (64 surfaces). Total bacterial counts are represented in Graphs 1 and 2. Upon multivariate analysis, the time the sample was taken (preclean, postclean, or post-UV) was the single explanatory variable for the differences seen in the means of total bacterial counts (P = 0). Conclusion Our study demonstrates that UV-C disinfection is a highly effective adjunctive cleaning method with standard terminal cleaning to reduce bacterial burden from environmental surfaces. Disclosures A. Lucas, Clorox: Research Contractor, Grant recipient. M. Nayakwadi Singer, Clorox: Grant Investigator, Grant recipient.

#74: Development of a Solid-Organ Transplant-Specific Antibiogram in a Tertiary Pediatric Hospital in Canada

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S1-S1
Author(s):  
T Kitano ◽  
M Science ◽  
N Nalli ◽  
K Timberlake ◽  
U Allen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Solid Organ Transplant ◽  
Lower Sensitivity ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Pediatric Hospital ◽  
Post Transplant ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Wide Population

Abstract Background Solid-organ transplant (SOT) patients are more vulnerable to infections by antimicrobial-resistant organisms (AROs) because of their hospital exposure, compromised immune systems, and antimicrobial exposure. Therefore, it may be useful for transplant facilities to create transplant-specific antibiograms to direct empirical antimicrobial regimens and monitor trends in antimicrobial resistance. Methods SOT (i.e., lung, liver, renal, and heart) antibiograms were created using antimicrobial susceptibility data on isolates from 2012 to 2018 at The Hospital for Sick Children, a tertiary pediatric hospital and transplant center in Toronto, Ontario. The Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines were followed to generate the antibiograms. The first clinical isolate of a species from a patient in each year was included irrespective of body site; duplicates were eliminated and surveillance cultures were excluded. Results from 2 years of data were pooled on a rolling basis to achieve an adequate sample size in both SOT and hospital-wide antibiogram. The SOT antibiogram was then compared with the hospital-wide antibiogram of the compatible 2 pooled years from 2012 to 2018. For subgroup analyses in the SOT population, organ-specific antibiograms and transplant timing-specific antibiograms (pretransplant, post-transplant <1 year, and post-transplant ≥1 year) between transplant and sample collection dates were analyzed. All proportions were compared using the χ 2 test. Results The top 5 organisms in one (2 year) analysis period of the SOT antibiogram were Escherichia coli (n = 29), Staphylococcus aureus (n = 28), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 20), Enterobacter cloacae complex (n = 18), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 17). For E.coli, susceptibility in the SOT antibiogram was significantly lower than those in the hospital-wide antibiogram in 2017/2018 for ampicillin (27% vs. 48%; P = 0.015), piperacillin/tazobactam (55% vs. 87%; P < 0.001), cefotaxime (59% vs. 88%; P < 0.001), ciprofloxacin (71% vs. 87%; P = 0.007) and cotrimoxazole (41% vs. 69%; P < 0.001), but not significantly different for gentamicin (94% vs. 91%; P = 0.490), tobramycin (88% vs. 90%; P = 0.701) and amikacin (100% vs. 99%; P = 0.558). These findings were consistent throughout the study period in E.coli. There was no statistically significant difference between the SOT and hospital-wide antibiograms for other organisms. There were no significant differences in susceptibility between organ-specific antibiograms or transplant timing-specific antibiograms in 2012–2018. Conclusions We found that E.coli from the SOT population had a significantly lower sensitivity to all antimicrobials, except aminoglycosides, compared with those from the hospital-wide population. Other organisms had similar susceptibility to the hospital-wide population. Developing a SOT antibiogram will assist in revising and improving empiric treatment guidelines for this population.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Surface Cleaning and Disinfection in a Brazilian Healthcare Facility

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aires G. Santos-Junior ◽  
Adriano M. Ferreira ◽  
Oleci P. Frota ◽  
Marcelo A. Rigotti ◽  
Larissa da S. Barcelos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphate ◽  
Healthcare Facility ◽  
Surface Cleaning ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Colony Count ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Bioluminescence Assay ◽  
Cleaning And Disinfection ◽  
Hospital Cleaning

Background: Failures in the processes of cleaning and disinfecting health service surfaces may result in the spread and transfer of pathogens that are often associated with healthcare-related infections and outbreaks. Aims: To assess the effectiveness of environmental surface cleaning and disinfection in a hospital clinic. Method: The study was conducted in a nursing ward with 45 beds. A total of 80 samples from five high-touch surfaces were evaluated before and after cleaning and disinfection, using the following methods: visual inspection, adenosine triphosphate bioluminescence assay, aerobic colony count, Staphylococcus aureus colony count, and evaluation of resistance to methicillin. The data analysis used nonparametric comparative and correlative tests to observe any differences in the pre- and post- cleaning and disinfection results for the surfaces assessed. Results: Effective cleaning and disinfection had a significant effect on only two surfaces when measured for the presence of adenosine triphosphate, the inner bathroom door handle (p=0.007) and the toilet bowl (p=0.01). When evaluated for Staphylococcus aureus colony count, the toilet flush handle also demonstrated a significant effect (p=0.04). Conclusion: The effectiveness of cleaning and disinfection of the surfaces tested was not satisfactory. An educational intervention is recommended for the cleaning and disinfection staff and the nursing team at the healthcare facility. Relevance to Clinical Practice: The data in the study revealed that daily hospital cleaning and disinfection in the sampled sites are not sufficient in medical and surgical wards. Hospital cleanliness must be reevaluated from the point of view of materials, such as an adequate supply of clean cloths, in addition to establishing more precise cleanliness protocols and accurate monitoring systems.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Effects of Erbium Chromium Laser along with/without Silver Nanoparticles in Root Canals Infected by Enterococcus faecalis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Seyedeh Sareh Hendi ◽  
Negin Amiri ◽  
Banafsheh Poormoradi ◽  
Mohammad Yousef Alikhani ◽  
Saeid Afshar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Silver Nanoparticle ◽  
Colony Count ◽  
Antibacterial Effects ◽  
Bacterial Colony ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Root Canal System

This study investigates the antibacterial effects of erbium chromium laser at 2780 nm, silver nanoparticles, and erbium chromium along with silver nanoparticles on Enterococcus faecalis in comparison with sodium hypochlorite. In the present study, 90 extracted human single-rooted teeth were selected and standardized to a length of 15 mm. The canals were prepared by V-taper Gold rotary files and then incubated with E. faecalis for 21 days. The samples were divided into four experimental groups including hypochlorite sodium, silver nanoparticle, erbium chromium laser, and erbium chromium laser along with silver nanoparticle groups. Results showed that there was a significant reduction in colony count for all groups after interventions. Moreover, there was a significant reduction in the colony count for sodium hypochlorite group in comparison with another groups, and this group showed the highest reduction of colony count. There was a significant difference between silver nanoparticles and erbium chromium laser groups in colony count. According to the results, the silver nanoparticles offered strong antibacterial effects on E. faecalis and therefore can decrease bacterial colonies, while the use of the laser, despite the reduction of the bacterial colony, could not be sufficiently used for disinfection of root canal system.

scholarly journals ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES ON FIXED RETAINER ADHESIVE TOWARD TREPONEMA DENTICOLA

2019 ◽  
pp. 198-200
Author(s):  
JESSICA SANTOSO ◽  
MARIA PURBIATI ◽  
KRISNAWATI .
Keyword(s):  
Test Tube ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Composites ◽  
Colony Count ◽  
Treponema Denticola ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Bacterial Colony ◽  
Flowable Composite ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Flowable Composites

Objective: The objective of this study was to develop an antibacterial flowable composite containing silver nanoparticle (AgNP) for the prevention ofperiodontal disease in fixed retainers.Methods: About 1% AgNP was incorporated into a commercial composite (tetric flow). The experimental and control products were used to bondfixed retainers to 28 extracted mandibular first premolars. The samples were randomly divided into four groups (n=7): Premolar bonded withfiber-reinforced composites and tetric flow (F1); premolar bonded with fiber-reinforced composites and AgNP-enhanced tetric flow (F2); premolarbonded with multistranded wires (MW) and tetric flow (M1); and premolar bonded with MW and AgNP-enhanced tetric flow (M2). Each sample wassubmerged in a test tube containing bacterial Treponema denticola solution and was incubated for 24 h and 37°temperature. The bacterial colony ineach group was counted and analyzed.Results: This study showed that there was significant difference of T. denticola colony count between groups with and without AgNP-enhancedcomposites in both types of retainers.Conclusion: AgNP-enhanced flowable composites reduce the bacteria T. denticola colony count and possibly inhibit periodontal disease.

scholarly journals EFFECTIVENESS OF CHLORHEXIDINE BATH, SALINE BATH, AND STANDARD BATH ON BACTERIAL COLONIZATION ON THE SKIN

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 330
Author(s):  
Divya Abraham ◽  
Vinitha Ravindran ◽  
Vinsley Rose ◽  
Joy Sarojini Michael
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Colony Count ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Invasive Procedures ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Bacterial Colony ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

Objective: The main objective of the study was to determine whether bathing with 2% chlorhexidine or 0.9% saline or standard soap and water will reduce the bacterial colony count on skin effectively.Methods: Quantitative approach with experimental design and consecutive sampling was used. The study was conducted among 102 children admitted in pediatric wards of Christian Medical College, Vellore. Swabs from axilla and groin were collected at 0 h, 2 h, and 24 h of intervention to determine the bacterial colony count in subjects.Results: The results showed that, of 102 children, 73 (71.56%) of them had high axillary colony count and 69 (67.64%) of them had high groin colony count during admission. Majority 88.2% and 78% of them had colonization with coagulase-negative staphylococcus in the axilla and groin, respectively. There was no significant difference in the bacterial colony count in axilla at 2 and 24 h in all three groups. There was a significant difference in the bacterial colony count in groin at 2 h after the intervention in the chlorhexidine group, and the difference was not significant at 24 h. The colony count was not significantly different at 2 h post-intervention in saline and standard soap and water group but was statistically different in these groups at 24 h after the intervention.Conclusion: Chlorhexidine has shown to be effective for a shorter duration and it can be adopted for children who are undergoing invasive procedures and preoperatively in surgical wards while continuing routine standard bath for all children which is considered to be cost effective too.

scholarly journals Effect of Ultraviolet-A (UV-A) and Ultraviolet-C (UV-C) Light on Mechanical Properties of Oyster Mushrooms during Growth

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tindibale L. Edward ◽  
M. S. K. Kirui ◽  
Josiah O. Omolo ◽  
Richard G. Ngumbu ◽  
Peter M. Odhiambo
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Storage Modulus ◽  
Loss Factor ◽  
Loss Modulus ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Ultraviolet A ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ultraviolet C ◽  
Oyster Mushrooms ◽  
Uv C

This study investigated the effects of ultraviolet-A (UV-A) and ultraviolet-C (UV-C) light on the mechanical properties in oyster mushrooms during the growth. Experiments were carried out with irradiation of the mushrooms with UV-A (365 nm) and UV-C (254 nm) light during growth. The exposure time ranged from 10 minutes to 60 minutes at intervals of 10 minutes and irradiation was done for three days. The samples for experimental studies were cut into cylindrical shapes of diameter 12.50 mm and thickness 3.00 mm. The storage modulus, loss modulus, and loss factor of the irradiated samples and control samples were determined for both UV bands and there was a significant difference between the storage modulus, loss modulus, and loss factor of the irradiated samples by both UV bands with reference to the control sample, P<0.05. UV-C light irradiated samples had higher loss modulus and loss factor but low storage modulus as temperature increased from 35 to 100°C with respect to the control sample while UV-A light irradiated samples had lower loss modulus, low loss factor, and higher storage modulus than UV-C irradiated samples.

scholarly journals Anti-bacterial Efficacy of WHO Recommended Locally made Alcohol based Hand Rub in a Resource Constraint Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 89-96
Author(s):  
Krishnan Usha Krishnan Navaneethakrishnan Rathnapriya ◽  
David Agatha
Keyword(s):  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Point Group ◽  
Resource Constraint ◽  
Colony Count ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Random Group ◽  
Simple Strategy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group B

Healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) are a major concern and associated with noticeable morbidity and mortality. To combat this, the simple strategy is hand hygiene (HH). In a resource constraint settings one of the important reason for poor hand hygiene compliance is irregular supply of HH products. This study was done to assess the cost effectiveness and acceptability of WHO recommended locally made alcohol based hand rub. The study was carried out in 28 HCPs working in an IMCU. Samples for the assessment of the microbial hand contamination were collected by direct fingerprint of their dominant hand onto the blood agar plates at three different time point. Group A samples collected in random. Group B samples collected immediately after patient physical examination. Group C were group B representatives collected after cleaning their hands with locally made isopropyl alcohol based hand rub. No significant difference in colony count between the groups A and B was observed. On the other hand, there was a statistically significant difference in colony count between the groups B and C (P=0.05). It means that the rubbing of the hands using locally made WHO recommended hand sanitizer enabled to eradicate the bacterial flora remarkably from the hands of HCPs.

scholarly journals Cryptosporidiosis In Man And Animals In Al-Tameem Province/ Iraq.

2004 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 235-243
Author(s):  
Mohammed Abdul-Aziz Kadir
Keyword(s):  
Animal Study ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Acute Diarrhea ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Pediatric Hospital ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Infants And Young Children ◽  
Cattle And Sheep

This study was conducted on 790 stool samples from infants and young children up to ten years of age, suffering from acute diarrhea who attended Kirkuk Pediatric Hospital, from the beginning of August 1999 of July 2000. The animal study was carried on 160 lambs, 130 calves and 110 kids suffering from diarrhea in private veterinary clinics in Al-Tameem province.  The rate of acute cryptosporidiosis was (10%). There was no significant difference between the two sexes . It was higher in winter and spring than summer and autumn months .  The infection rate was higher among children in contact with poultry than those in contact with cattle and sheep and was lowest among those not in contacts with animals.  The distribution of cryptosporidiosis among domestic animals was as follows: in lambs, calves and kids the infection rates were 20%, 19.2% and 23.6% respectively.

scholarly journals The Effects of Enrichment Nutrients on the Growth of Indigenous Bacteria Species in Spent Lubricating Oil Contaminated Water

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
Tudararo-Aherobo Laurelta
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Organic Wastes ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Bacterial Counts ◽  
Significant Difference

Aim: This study was conducted to compare the effects of enrichment nutrients, NPK (Nitrogen, Posphorus, Potassium) and organic wastes on the growth of indigenous bacterial species in spent lubricating oil contaminated water. Six bacterial species which were isolated from spent lubricating oil impacted soils (Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus sp., Actinomyces sp., Acinetobacter sp., Enterobacter sp., and Micrococcus sp.,) and showed profuse utilization of spent lubricating oil on screening, were used for this study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in the laboratory of the Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun, between 2018 and 2019. Methodology: The study and was conducted using Mineral Salts Medium broth, spent lubricating oil substrate and NPK (20:10:10), Chicken droppings and Cow dung as nutrient sources (biostimulants). The effect of the biostimulants on the growth of the bacterial isolates was assessed weekly for 14 days by measuring the turbidity, bacterial counts and pH. Results: Pseudomonas sp. recorded the highest count of 1.16E+19 CFU/ml, 2.53E+17 CFU/ml and 1.74E+14 CFU/ml for biostimulation with NPK, Chicken droppings and Cow dungs respectively. The treatment with NPK enhanced the bacterial isolates most, of the three treatments used at the end of the test period. The pH values obtained for the test cultures at the end of the study, ranged from 6.52±0.02 for Enterobacter sp. in Cow dung treated cultures to7.85±0.03 for Pseudomonas sp.in NPK treated cultures. The values were within the optimum biodegradation range of 6.50 -8.50. There was significant difference between the bacterial counts obtained with the cultures treated with NPK and Chicken droppings (P=0.006), between NPK and cow dungs (P = 0.031) and between NPK and the control (P = 0.033). The study affirms the benefits of using organic wastes in the bioremediation process of hydrocarbon contaminated sites; it enhances the nutrients required by the bacteria for the remediation process and it’s a waste management strategy for disposing these organic wastes at very minimal costs and in an ecofriendly manner.

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