Study of Underlying Factors among Women Presenting with Septic/Unsafe Termination of Pregnancy

Background: In our nation, induced abortions are common. Unexpected and unintentional births are serious public health issues in both developed and underdeveloped nations. According to the WHO, abortion complications account for 2–12% of maternal fatalities in Pakistan. The circumstances surrounding these abortions have major ramifications for both females and communities. However, insufficient information about factors leading to septic induced abortions at the country level was the reason to determine the contributing factors among women with abortion. Objective: The objective of our current research is to regulate occurrence of underlying factors contributing in patients presenting with septic induced abortion in a tertiary care setup. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jinnah hospital, Lahore for six months after approval of synopsis. Sample size of 130 cases was included through non-Probability consecutive sampling technique after the approval from hospital ethical committee. Informed consent was taken from each patient before including them in the study. Results: The mean age of the women was noted 26.24±4.93 years of which the minimum age was 18 year and maximum of 40 years. Out of these 130 women 26(20%) had no child, at least one abortion was most common as it was noted in 197(82%) of women. The underlying factors contributing to septic induced abortion it was noted that unwanted pregnancy in 41(31.5%) of cases, failed contraception in 37(28.5%) of cases, divorce in 6(4.6%) of cases, displeased family relation in 27(20.8%) of women and out of wedlock was noted in 19(14.6%) of cases. When data were stratified for effect modifiers statistically significant difference was found between parity and contributing factors for abortions (P-value = 0.000) and insignificant difference was observed with respect to age, educational status and economic status i.e., P-value > 0.05. Conclusion: The most common reason for abortion was unwanted pregnancy among the pregnant women. Keyword: Pregnancy, Abortion, Septic, maternal fatalities in Pakistan, WHO

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Clinico-biochemical profile of chronic kidney disease patients in elderly age group in a tertiary care centre

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20194997 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (11) ◽

pp. 4227

Author(s):

Atul V. Rajkondawar ◽

Amit Yele

Keyword(s):

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Elderly Patients ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

P Value ◽

Age Group ◽

Elderly Age ◽

Tertiary Care Centre ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains one of the major health problems in India. Renal function steadily deteriorates as age advances and advancing age has been indicted to have adverse implications in the disease progression to end stage renal disease (ESRD). With the present study, clinico-biochemical profiling of chronic kidney disease patients in geriatric age group as well as comparison with non-elderly patients was undertaken.Methods: In this cross-sectional observational study, 100 patients of CKD admitted in the tertiary care study centre were enrolled consecutively and assessed for symptoms, signs and biochemical parameters over two years. Study subjects were divided into two groups:- Group 1: Elderly patients- aged 60 years or more, and Group 2: Non-elderly patients- less than 60 years of age. Relevant comparisons were drawn statistically and tested for significance.Results: Pallor and pedal edema were observed to be the commonest clinical features across groups. Elderly group shows higher prevalence of severe anaemia (mean hemoglobin- 7.4 gm%). Higher prevalence of clinical and biochemical derangement was found in patients with relatively lower GFR. Elderly age group also had more prevalence of electrolyte abnormalities compared with non-elderly population, with statistically significant difference observed for hyponatremia (p value- 0.023), hypoproteinemia (p value- 0.0078) and blood urea level (p value- 0.0054).Conclusions: Understanding beforehand the biochemical abnormalities associated with old age in CKD patients helps in appropriate modifications in patient management.

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Comparison between clinical estimated fetal weights (CEFW) Versus Ultrasonographic estimated fetal weight (UEFW) for co-relation with actual birth weight (ABW) in 3rd Trimester of Pregnancy

Annals of Gulf Medicine ◽

10.37978/gulf.v3i1.81 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. e1-e4

Author(s):

Rabia Razaq

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Fetal Weight ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

Study Results ◽

The Mean ◽

Estimated Fetal Weight

Background: Accurate prenatal estimation of birth weight is useful in the management of labour and delivery. Objective: To determine the correlation between clinical estimated fetal weight with actual birth weight in 3rd trimester of pregnancy and to determine the correlation between Ultrasonographic fetal weight assessment with actual birth weight in 3rd trimester of pregnancy. Material & Methods: This cross sectional study with non-probability purposive sampling technique was conducted in three tertiary care hospitals of Punjab, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Allied Hospital, Faisalabad, Lady Aitcheson Hospital Lahore and Lady Willington Hospital Lahore. Informed consent was obtained from each female to use their data for research purpose. Demographic details were also noted. Then females undergo CEFW was done by using Johnson’s formula. Then ultrasonography was done on every female by experienced radiologists to get UEFW. FW measurement was done by using Shepard formula. Then females were followed-up till delivery of fetus. Actual birth weight (ABW) was noted on birth. Pearson correlation was used to measure the correlation coefficient for CEFW and UEFW with ABW. P-value≤0.05 was taken as significant. Results: In our study the mean age of the patients was 29.60±6.23 years and the mean gestational age of 33.30±2.31 weeks. The mean BMI value of the patients was 23.08±1.26 Kg/m2, the mean CEFW value 2219.60±556.41 grams while the mean UEFW value of the patients was 2227.77±521.94 grams and the mean value of ABW of the patients was 2284.00±515.29 grams. In our study the positive correlation was found between the CEFW, UEFW with ABW of the baby. Conclusion: Our study results concluded that both the clinical estimation ultrasonography estimation showed the feasible and reliable results. Both showed positive correlation with actual birth weight.

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Assessment of health-promoting lifestyle profile and its relation with well-being of medical students: A cross sectional.

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2021.28.06.6000 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 (06) ◽

pp. 921-927

Author(s):

Subhan Ullah ◽

Mubarak Ali Anjum ◽

Khalid Parvez ◽

Uzma Sagheer ◽

Ghulam Abbas Sheikh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Well Being ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Study Results ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Health Promoting ◽

The Mean ◽

Health Promoting Lifestyle

Objectives: The aim of our study was to determine the importance and assessment of a health-promoting lifestyle and its possible association with well-being of medical students. Study Design: Cross Sectional Study. Setting: Aziz Fatima Medical and Dental College Faisalabad. Period: June to July 2020. Material & Methods: The English version of Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile, and WHO-5 Well-Being Index were used in our study. Results: The research was conducted with 205 medical students. From which 102(49.8%) belongs from 4-year class and 103(50.2%) from 5-year class. Based on the table, the mean age of the total participants was 22.45(±1.03) years. Among the participants, the mean score of a health-promoting lifestyle was 133.36 ±18.90, which is interpreted as moderate. Lifestyle mean score is greater in 5th-year class as compare to 4th-year class but no significant difference was found because p value is greater than 0.05 there was a significant relationship between well-being and health-promoting lifestyle. Age and gender, were associated with students lifestyles. Independent t test is used to compare the mean difference in gender and MBBS class. Chi square test is used to find the significant association between well-being categories with gender and MBBS class. Pearson correlation coefficient method is used to measure the correlation between well being and healthy lifestyles. Conclusion: A health-promoting lifestyle of students in this study was moderate and they did not have an acceptable level of physical activity. The medical students’ curriculums need to be improved to enhance health promoting lifestyles.

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BREASTFEEDING TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION TRENDS AMONG NEONATES IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN LAHORE

Journal of University Medical & Dental College ◽

10.37723/jumdc.v12i2.538 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Hamid Mehmood ◽

Zarmast Khan ◽

Abdul Rauf ◽

Ammara Waqar

Keyword(s):

Tertiary Care ◽

Mode Of Delivery ◽

Temporal Distribution ◽

P Value ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Initiation Of Breastfeeding

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Breastfeeding provides immunity against bacterial, viral, and other infectious diseases. More than four million new neonates die due to vaccine-related diseases in the first 28 days of their lives. It is therefore emphasized that breastfeeding in the first hours after delivery may save the neonate. The objective of this study was to determine the factors affecting the pattern of breastfeeding among the neonates and assess the frequency of early breastfeeding among neonates at Gulab Devi Hospital, Lahore. METHODOLOGY: It was a cross-sectional descriptive study. One hundred mothers were selected through convenient purposes sampling. Chi-square test applied for an association between mode of delivery and initiation of breastfeeding. RESULTS: The result of the study showed variability in the time of breastfeeding by the mothers from one hour to 24 hours after delivery. Pre-lacteal was given to 59 mothers, while 41 were not given with any pre-lacteal. A significant association was found between mode of delivery and initiation of breastfeeding with a p-value less than 0.001 CONCLUSION: The result of the study showed that variability in the time of breastfeeding by the mothers from one hour to 24 hours after delivery provided a significant difference in the production of the neonate in the first 28 days.

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Recurrent Bacteria Involvement in Urinary Tract Infection among Diabetic Female Patients of Sukkur, Sindh

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i39b32199 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 229-234

Author(s):

Samina Tarique ◽

Abdul Hussain Shar ◽

Syed Fiaz Hussain ◽

Akhtar Ali

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

P Value ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

E Coli ◽

Female Patients ◽

Significant Difference

Background: Diabetics are four times more prone to develop Urinary tract infection when compared to healthy individuals, the proposed risk factors behind this increase in susceptibility in diabetics are autonomic neuropathy resulting in incomplete emptying of bladder and glucose in urine which serves as a medium for bacterial growth. The aims of our study are to identify the frequency of recurrent UTI and to document most common prevalent organisms involved in UTI in diabetic females in tertiary care hospital of Sukkur. Methodology: It was a cross sectional study conducted at Microbiology Department of Shah Abdul Latif University Khairpur from January to December 2020. The sample size n=54 was calculated by open epi software. Participants who contented inclusion criteria i.e., female patients of age >18 years with diabetes mellitus for more than 5 years who were presented in OPD with UTI along with history of three positive urine cultures in the previous 12 months or two episodes in the last six months were recruited by simple random sampling technique. The urine samples were collected in sterile containers and the growth of organisms was observed on nutrient agar and MacConkey agar plates. Results: There was no any significant difference among occurrence of bacteria between both the groups i.e . However, the most associated microbes with uncontrolled HbA1c profile were E. coli (p-value = 0.004) followed by Micrococcus lutes (p-value = 0.021) and Shigella (p-value = 0.001). Table 1. Shows the frequency and percentages of bacteria associated with controlled and uncontrolled HbA1c levels. Conclusion: Most of the participants had uncontrolled diabetic profile i.e. HbA1c > 7, the prominent pathogen at our setting were E. Coli, Enterococcus species, Shigella species and Micrococcus lutes.

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Prevalence of First Birth Order with Myopia Among KPK Population

10.53350/pjmhs2115113146 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (11) ◽

pp. 3146-3147

Author(s):

Syeda Gulrukh Saba Shah ◽

Mutayyaba Majeed ◽

Shams- Ul-Haq ◽

Farhana Jabeen Shah ◽

Waqas Ali

Keyword(s):

Birth Order ◽

Teaching Hospital ◽

Refractive Error ◽

Adult Population ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

P Value ◽

Refractive Errors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Study Results ◽

Tertiary Care Hospitals

Objective: To find out the prevalence of myopia and hyperopia among the population of KPK. Study Designed: Cross-sectional analytical study. Place and duration of Study: OPD of tertiary care hospitals of KPK, Khyber Teaching Hospital and Hayatabad Medical Complex from 1st July 2020 to 30th June 2021. Methodology: Four hundred patients visiting to OPD of tertiary care hospitals of KPK, Khyber Teaching Hospital and Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar were enrolled. Both male and female were included from 17 to 24 years visiting to the hospital were included. All patients on any medication for any systemic illness like asthma, TB, cardiac issues, liver problems etc. patients suffering from eye disorders like glaucoma, cataract, diabetic retinopathy, uveitis etc. and patients who refused to give consent and uncooperative patients were excluded from the study. Results: Two hundred and seventy seven got normal eye structure, function and vision while 123 got abnormal eye vision, with the frequency of myopia 26.5% (106) while hyperopia was 4.3% (17). Among gender the refractive errors of an eye was found to be 25% in male while 35.5% in female pvalue-0.024. The frequency of refractive error was not significant in age 17, 18, 23 and 24years the refractive error was found to be less as compare to age 19-22 years the refractive errors were seen to be greater. The patients visiting to hospital for eye examination with abnormal refractive errors were 41.1% while the result was significant p value was 0.0001. Genetically 1st order birth got 40% refractive errors while other got 23.5% the results were significant (P=0.004). Conclusion: The prevalence of eye defects related to refractive errors was present among adult population of KPK. Age is not related to refractive errors and refractive errors can be genetically determine. Key words: Myopia, Hyperopia, Refractive errors, Birth order

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Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in psoriasis vulgaris: a cross sectional study from a tertiary care hospital of South-East Rajasthan

International Journal of Research in Dermatology ◽

10.18203/issn.2455-4529.intjresdermatol20162832 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 30

Author(s):

Manjaree Morgaonkar ◽

Ramesh Kushwaha ◽

Savera Gupta ◽

Suresh Kumar Jain ◽

Dattatray V. Kulkarni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Psoriasis Vulgaris ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Systemic Inflammatory Disease ◽

Significant Difference

Background: Psoriasis, a common skin disorder is now considered as systemic inflammatory disease. Its chronic inflammatory state is thought to predispose patients to metabolic syndrome (MetS), which is a significant predictor of cardiovascular events. The objective of the study is to investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in psoriatic patients with only cutaneous involvement and to evaluate the correlation between presence of MetS and psoriasis severityMethods: We performed hospital based, cross-sectional study on 100 adult patients with psoriasis vulgaris and equi-numbered age and sex matched controls. MetS was diagnosed by revised National Cholesterol Education Program’s Adult Panel III criteria.Results: A higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome was found in psoriasis patients as compared to controls [28 (28%) vs 9 (9%), P value=0.0005].Impaired fasting glucose level, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia and abdominal obesity were more prevalent in psoriasis group. No statistically significant difference was found between prevalence of low levels of HDL and presence of metabolic syndrome. Presence of metabolic syndrome was not associated with severity and duration of psoriasis. Female patients with psoriasis were more frequently having metabolic syndrome.Conclusions: Prevalence of metabolic syndrome is higher in patients with psoriasis irrespective of its duration and severity. This stresses on the need of regular evaluation for the presence of MetS or any of its components in psoriasis patients so as to allow early detection and management.

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EARLIEST SYMPTOMS OF PRESENTATION IN COVID-19 PATIENTS IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal ◽

10.51253/pafmj.v1i1.7941 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 71 (Suppl-3) ◽

pp. S500-03

Author(s):

Maqbool Raza ◽

Muhammad Ali Raza ◽

De Emmal Asjad Cheema ◽

Maham Asjad Cheema ◽

Atif Rafique ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tertiary Care ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Military Hospital ◽

P Value ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Presenting Symptoms ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chi Square Test

Objective: To determine the frequency of earliest symptoms of COVID-19 infection among patients with confirmed SARSCOVID-19 infection. Study Design: Cross-sectional analytical study. Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital Multan, from Jun to Dec 2021. Methodology: Data from 299 patients admitted in tertiary care settings was collected on a questionnaire. Patients regardless of gender and age who had confirmed COVID-19 infection through Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) were included in the study. A nonprobability consecutive sampling technique was used to select samples. Data was entered and analyzed through SPSS version 22. Frequencies and percentages of various presenting symptoms were calculated. Sample size calculated at 95% level of confidence, 1% required precision, and 27% anticipated population proportion were 299. The overall difference in frequencies of symptoms in various groups was compared by using chi-square test. p-value <0.05 was taken as significant. Results: A total of 299 participants were included in this analysis. The median age for participants (interquartile range [IQR]) was 46 (36-54) years. Among 299 adults the reported symptoms were cough 238 (79.6%), fever 176 (58.7%) and, dyspnea 113 (37.8%). Only 78 (26.1%) of participants with confirmed infection reported having all three symptoms of cough, fever, and dyspnea. Other reported symptoms in patients were diarrhea 54 (18.1%), fatigue 128 (42.8%), myalgia 113 (37.8%), and anosmia 98 (32.8%). There was no significant difference in the frequency of symptoms across both genders. Conclusion: The most frequent symptoms of COVID-19 are cough, fever, and dyspnea.

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PREVALENCE OF INDUCED ABORTION AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE IN HARARI REGION, ETHIOPIA

Public Health of Indonesia ◽

10.36685/phi.v6i2.333 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 35-40

Author(s):

Arif Hussen Jamie ◽

Mohammed Zekeria Abdosh

Keyword(s):

Family Planning ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Unwanted Pregnancy ◽

Occupational Status ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Induced Abortion ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

P Value ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

Cross Sectional

Background: Abortion is a very common experience in every culture and society. Out of the 210 million pregnancies that occur each year globally, an estimated 46 million (22%) end up in induced abortion, in relation to that, 19 million women experience unsafe abortions annually.Objective: The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence and associated factors of induced abortion among women of reproductive age group in public health facilities from March 25– April 25, 2019, in Harari Region.Methods: A cross sectional study design was conducted. The sample size was 620 abortion cases. Structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Data were entered to Epi-Data version 3.5.3 and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Descriptive statistics, binary and multivariate logistic regression and odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals was used to identify the independent factors of induced abortion cases status. P-value 0.05 was considered as statistically significant association.Result: The mean age of the respondents was 29.5 years, with a standard deviation of 6.5. In this study the magnitude of induced abortion was 42.7%. Age 30, single marital status, occupational status students and commercial sex worker were statistically significant associated with induced abortion (p0.05).Conclusion: The study revealed a high level of induced abortion. Unwanted pregnancy is high among abortion patients in the study area. Hence, strict counseling about family planning method reminder, and partner involvement in family planning service should be recommended.

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Knowledge of Nurses Regarding Prevention From Needle Stick Injuries in Tertiary Care Hopital Lahore Pakistan

10.53350/pjmhs211551479 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (5) ◽

pp. 1479-1481

Author(s):

Zarnigar . ◽

R. Elahi ◽

T. Sagir ◽

T. Zia ◽

W. Latif ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tertiary Care ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Ethical Review ◽

Needle Stick Injury ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Needle Stick ◽

Study Results ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Needle Stick Injuries ◽

Tertiary Care Hospitals

Nurses got exposed to various blood borne infections due to injury from different types of sharp instruments like needles, lancets, scissors etc. Such injuries ultimately became the reasons of blood borne diseases. Objectives: To analyze the knowledge and attitude of nurses about prevention from needle stick injury and the magnitude of such incidents in Tertiary Care Hospitals of Lahore. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Methodology: Study setting was tertiary care hospitals of Lahore-Pakistan after ethical review committee’s (ERC) approval. Data was collected from nurses by using self-administered questionnaire from different department of tertiary care hospitals, Lahore. Convenient sampling technique was used, and sample size was 93. Statistical analysis: SPSS 21 was utilized for the data analysis. The tests of frequencies, percentages and graphs were applied. Results: Needle stick injuries association was measured with working experience among nurses. There was statistically significant difference found between the NSIs among (59%) nurses, who were having more working experience (22-24) about handling of needle during any procedure as compared to the nurses who lack in experience. The study results showed that majority of nurses have enough knowledge concerning to NSIs. Conclusion: We concluded that nurses have knowledge regarding the needle stick injury due to the training classes, however, ignorance of the protocols becomes the reason of such incidents even now. It is the need of time to implement appropriate strategies for precaution and intervention through hospital administration to avoid the needle stick injuries. Key Words: Needle Stick Injury, Re-capping of needles, Attitude and Knowledge.

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