Comparison Of Retinopathy And Hearing Impairment In Poorly Controlled Diabetics In Population Of Muzaffarabad AJK

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 3193-3194
Author(s):  
Abdur Rehman ◽  
Mudsar Hafiz ◽  
Munazza Nazir ◽  
Zarnab Munir ◽  
Rubina Rafique ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Tuning Fork ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Ethical Review ◽  
Diabetes Research ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mild Disease ◽  
Moderate Disease ◽  
Grade 3

Aim: Prevalence and comparison of retinopathy and sensorineural hearing loss in poorly managed diabetics Methodology: A cross sectional study was designed with the approval of the Ethical Review Board Committee. The study enrolled 50 people who met the inclusion criteria. Anthropometric data were collected using standardized procedures. All laboratory assays were performed on the initial visit to the diabetes research center's laboratory. Tuning fork and PTA examinations of the ears were performed. The scores of Rinne and Weber were recorded and synchronised. Fundoscopy was used in ophthalmic investigations. Results: The Rinne test was found to be normal in 50(100%) cases of population while Weber’s test was centralized in 43(86%) of patients, 1(2%) case was lateralized to right, 5(10%)cases were lateralized to left, 1(2%) case had moderate disease. PTA scores revealed mild disease in 1(2%), moderate 14(28%), severe 1(2%) and 34(68%) patients showed normal results. Fundoscopy demonstrated normal results in 11(22%), Grade 1 retinopathy in 15(30%), grade 2 RP in 17(34%) and grade 3 RP in 7(14%). Conclusion: Retinopathy is more prevalent with poorly managed diabetic individuals in contrast to hearing impairment. Key words: Retinopathy, Fundoscopy, Diabetes mellitus

Pengaruh bising lalu lintas terhadap penurunan fungsi pendengaran pada juru parkir di kota Denpasar

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ni Ketut Susilawati ◽  
Wayan Sudana ◽  
Eka Putra Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Traffic Noise ◽  
Hearing Threshold ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hearing Function

Background: Noise pollution or noise is an unwanted sound which is disturbing to human beings.However small or soft the sound, if it is undesirable it is considered as noise. Noise induced hearingloss is a sensorineural hearing loss that is commonly encountered second to presbycusis. Purpose: Toknow the effect of traffic noise exposure on hearing impairment to the employees of the Parking DistrictCompany of the Denpasar city and to improve diagnostic detection on hearing impairment caused bynoise. Method: A cross sectional study was conducted at the Parking District Company office. Thepopulations of this study were the employees of the Parking District Company. Samples of this study were the employees who were exposed to traffic noise and control samples were an employee who was unexposed. Samples were selected by simple random sampling. Results: From 40 parking attendants,27 persons (67.5%) aged above 35 years old. The parking attendants who had been working for ten to fifteen years were 36 persons (90%) and no history using ear protection when working. Seven persons(17.5%) had referred DPOAE upon examination with increase hearing threshold on audiogram result.In this study the parking attendants who had hearing deficit induced by noise were 7 persons (17.5%)and only one person (2.5%) in control group. There was a statistically significant effect of traffic noiseto hearing function deficit (p<0.05). Conclusion: Traffic noise has effect in hearing function deficit onthe parking attendants.ORLI Vol. 40 No. 2 Tahun 2010Key words: NIHL, parking attendant, audiometry, DPOAE.

Comparison of Heffner Criteria and Light Criteria in Differentiating Exudative and Transudative Pleural Effusion

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-145
Author(s):  
Krishna Chandra Devkota ◽  
S Hamal ◽  
PP Panta
Keyword(s):  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Pleural Space ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Exudative Pleural Effusion

Pleural effusion is present when there is >15ml of fluid is accumulated in the pleural space. It can be divided into two types; exudative and transudative pleural effusion. Tuberculosis and parapneumonic effusion are the common cause of exudative pleural effusion whereas heart failure accounts for most of the cases of transudative pleural effusion. This study was a hospital based cross sectional study performed at Nepal Medical College during the period of January 2016-December 2016. A total of 50 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled. Pleural effusion was confirmed by clinical examination and radiology. After confirmation of pleural effusion, pleural fluid was aspirated and was analysed for protein, LDH, cholesterol. The Heffner criteria was compared with Light criteria to classify exudative or transudative pleural effusion. Among 50 patients, 30 were male and 20 were female. The mean age of patient was 45.4±21.85 years. The sensitivity and specificity of using Light criteria to detect the two type of pleural effusion was 100% and 90.9%, whereas using Heffner criteria was 94.87%, 100% respectively(P<0.01). There are variety of causes for development of pleural effusion and no one criteria is definite to differentiate between exudative or transudative effusion. In this study Light criteria was more sensitive whereas Heffner criteria was more specific to classify exudative pleural effusion. Hence a combination of criteria might be useful in case where there is difficulty to identify the cause of pleural effusion.

scholarly journals Assessment of Saudi Parents’ Beliefs and Behaviors towards Management of Child Fever in Saudi Arabia—A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5217
Author(s):  
Mohamed N. Al Arifi ◽  
Abdulrahman Alwhaibi
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Febrile Seizures ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Electronic Thermometer ◽  
And Behavior

Objective: Fever alone can lead to rare serious complications in children, such as febrile seizures. The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge, beliefs, and behavior of parents toward fever and its management. Methods: A cross-sectional study using an online questionnaire was applied over a period of 3 months, from January to March 2018, to parents who were living in Saudi Arabia. The inclusion criteria were a parent who is a resident of Saudi Arabia, with at least one child aged 6 years or less, while incomplete questionnaires, having a child aged more than 6 years, or parents who were not living in Saudi Arabia were excluded. Results: A total of 656 parents completed the questionnaire. More than two-thirds of the subjects were female, the majority of whom were aged between 25–33 years old. The best-reported place to measure the temperature of children was the armpit (46%), followed by the ear (28%) and the mouth (10.7%). More than half of the parents considered their children feverish at a temperature of 38 °C. The majority of parents (79.7%) reported that the most serious side effects of fever were seizure, brain damage (39.3%), coma (29.9%), dehydration (29.7%), and death (25%). The most common method used to measure a child’s temperature was an electronic thermometer (62.3%). The most common antipyretic was paracetamol (84.5%). Conclusions: Our study demonstrates the good knowledge of parents in identifying a feverish temperature using the recommended route and tools for measuring body temperature.

Violence Against Women During COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052199795
Author(s):  
Marwan Akel ◽  
Jana Berro ◽  
Clara Rahme ◽  
Chadia Haddad ◽  
Sahar Obeid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Living Together ◽  
Stress Score

The objectives of this study were to correlate several factors - including depression, anxiety, stress and self-esteem levels in both men and women - with the occurrence of domestic violence against women (VAW) during quarantine. This cross-sectional study was carried out in April 2020, in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic when lockdown procedures were implemented; 86 married couples participated in this study amounting to 172 responses in total. A different questionnaire was set for women and men; the couple filled out their respective questionnaire simultaneously, but privately where one did not see the answers of the other. Inclusion criteria included married couples of all ages that are living together during the lockdown of COVID-19. The results of this study showed that a higher total abuse score was found in 39 females (45.3%; CI: 0.34 - 0.56). Being a Muslim female (Beta =24.80) and females having higher anxiety (Beta=0.97) were significantly associated with higher total abuse scores, whereas higher stress score in female (Beta=-0.61) was significantly associated with lower total abuse scores. In conclusion, this study focuses on VAW as a serious problem while demonstrating its further emergence during quarantine. This study also focused on the effects brought on by lockdown policies, including social and economic factors, and their implications in the increase of VAW during this pandemic.

scholarly journals Frequent neurocognitive deficits after recovery from mild COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel S Woo ◽  
Jakob Malsy ◽  
Jana Pöttgen ◽  
Susan Seddiq Zai ◽  
Friederike Ufer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Telephone Interview ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Neurocognitive Deficits ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Complications ◽  
Moderate Disease

Abstract Neuropsychiatric complications associated with coronavirus disease 2019 caused by the Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) are increasingly appreciated. While most studies have focussed on severely affected individuals during acute infection, it remains unclear whether mild COVID-19 results in neurocognitive deficits in young patients. Here, we established a screening approach to detect cognitive deficiencies in post-COVID-19 patients. In this cross-sectional study, we recruited 18 mostly young patients 20–105 days (median, 85 days) after recovery from mild to moderate disease who visited our outpatient clinic for post-COVID-19 care. Notably, 14 (78%) patients reported sustained mild cognitive deficits and performed worse in the Modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status screening test for mild cognitive impairment compared to 10 age-matched healthy controls. While short-term memory, attention and concentration were particularly affected by COVID-19, screening results did not correlate with hospitalization, treatment, viremia or acute inflammation. Additionally, Modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status scores did not correlate with depressed mood or fatigue. In two severely affected patients, we excluded structural or other inflammatory causes by magnetic resonance imaging, serum and cerebrospinal fluid analyses. Together, our results demonstrate that sustained sub-clinical cognitive impairments might be a common complication after recovery from COVID-19 in young adults, regardless of clinical course that were unmasked by our diagnostic approach.

scholarly journals Identification of Ocular and Auditory Manifestations of Congenital Rubella Syndrome in Mbingo

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imran Jivraj ◽  
Chris J. Rudnisky ◽  
Emmanuel Tambe ◽  
Graham Tipple ◽  
Matthew T. S. Tennant
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Congenital Rubella Syndrome ◽  
Congenital Glaucoma ◽  
Fundus Photography ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Case Definitions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Congenital Rubella

Purpose. Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) is a global cause of preventable hearing impairment, blindness, and intellectual impairment. The present study sought to identify ocular and auditory manifestations of CRS in school-aged children in Mbingo, Cameroon.Design. Cross sectional study.Subjects. Students at two schools, one for children with hearing impairment, were screened for cataract, congenital glaucoma, and pigmentary retinopathy.Methods. Students underwent seven-field digital fundus photography through a dilated pupil using a Topcon NW200 nonmydriatic camera. Images were assessed by retina specialists in Canada via teleophthalmology. Clinical evidence was integrated to form case definitions for CRS based on Center for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines. Serological evidence of rubella infection was obtained using standardized IgG antibody titers.Main Outcome Measure. Number of probable and suspicious cases of CRS.Results. Between September 2009 and May 2010, 320 students participated. There were 28 (10.2%) probable cases, 104 (37.8%) suspects, and 143 (52.0%) unaffected. Rubella IgG serology was positive in 79 (48.7%) of children with hearing impairment and 11 (7.4%) of children with normal hearing.Conclusions. The present study identified 28 probable cases of CRS. Furthermore, 92.6% of students with normal hearing did not possess rubella IgG antibodies making future cases of CRS likely without intervention.

A study on the proportion of hearing impairment among percussionists in Thrissur district of Kerala

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 816
Author(s):  
Jubina Bency A. T. ◽  
Sarangi . ◽  
Sebastian Roy ◽  
Shalu Sara Mathew ◽  
Shamseena A. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hearing Ability ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Mild Degree

Background: Hearing loss is a cause of global concern. Percussionists are exposed to greater levels of continuous or intermittent noise than others. Little is known about the relationship between percussion activity and hearing impairment. The early detection of the same and subsequent management makes a significant reduction in the burden of health care services. The objective was to study the proportion of hearing impairment in percussionists in the district of Thrissur using an IOS based mobile application.Methods: A cross sectional study was done on percussionists from Thrissur district who has experience of more than five years and has no congenital or traumatic hearing loss. A predesigned semi structured questionnaire was given and hearing tests were done using a mobile application U hear in a sound proof setting to understand the current state of hearing ability amoung the percussionists.Results: A total of 39 subjects were involved in our study of which all were males. Mean age of our study population was 30.44+12.04. most of them were diagnosed with at least mild degree of hearing loss of one of the ear or both the ears. 15.4% of them had mild degree of hearing loss, 64.1% had moderate degree of hearing loss and 20.5% had severe hearing loss.Conclusions: The study shows percussionists are more exposed to sounds of various frequencies for longer duration, they are more prone to hearing loss. The study brought out that age is directly proportional to hearing loss, music induced hearing loss progress at a rate proportion to the work experience. 

Comparison of Working Length Determination in Mandibular Single-Rooted Teeth

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
Ruqayya Sana ◽  
Farzana Rehman ◽  
Farzana Rehman ◽  
Rashid Javaid
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Conventional Radiograph ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Working Length ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Electronic Apex Locator

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to compare working length calculated with conventional radiographs and an electronic apex locator (IPEX II) during the root canal treatment of mandibular anterior teeth. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study was done in the Department of Operative Dentistry, Sardar Begum Dental Hospital, Peshawar during February and March 2018. A consecutive sampling technique was used for sampling. Only 30 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria of our study. Detailed medical and dental history was taken. Only patient fulfilling inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. RESULTS: The mean age for patients was 45.33±5.16. 33% out of 30 patients (10) were male and 20 were females. The mean working length calculated from radiographs was 22.25±1.29 (min 20.09-max 24.10). The mean working length calculated by the electronic apex locator (IPEX II) was 22.17±1.28 (min 20.00-max 24.07). The mean difference between working length calculated by radiograph and electronic apex locator was -0.084mm, which means the working length determined by radiographs and by electronic apex locator has no difference in mandibular anterior teeth with single canals. CONCLUSION: Both the methods can be used effectively in endodontics for single-rooted mandibular teeth, but if both are used in combinations can lead to an improvement in the working length accuracy, which may significantly reduce the number of radiographs exposure, and increase the success and comfort for endodontic patients. KEYWORDS: Working Length, Apex Locator, Conventional Radiograph

scholarly journals Rapid HIV Testing in Al Buraimi Governorate Sultanate of Oman: A Cross Sectional Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Saad Rashid Saud Al Alawi ◽  
Muhammad Muqeet Ullah ◽  
Ahmed Yar Mohammed Dawood Al Balushi ◽  
Rajeev Kashyap ◽  
Vandita Kailas Patil
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Ethical Review ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Male Clients ◽  
Hiv Rapid Testing ◽  
And Gender

BACKGROUND: Due to one of the highest HIV prevalent province in Oman, Voluntary Counselling Testing (VCT) services were integrated in health system of Al Buraimi Governorate, Oman since December 2014. AIM &amp; OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to analyze the situation on HIV rapid testing in Al Buraimi Governorate with objective to identify client&rsquo;s risk factor among common age group and gender. METHODOLOGY: Cross sectional retrospective study was conducted in Al Buraimi Governorate, Oman among 1412 registered adult VCT clients, unbooked pregnant women with no documented HIV status at the time of delivery or abortion at Buraimi Hospital and clients during outreach community awareness activities on HIV. Retrospective analysis was performed for 3 years from December 2014 to December 2017 on parameters like Age, gender, nationality, risk factors, outcome and place of testing (Hospital and Outreach) using standard national client information form. Descriptive statistics was applied in Microsoft excel and SPSS version 24. Clients&rsquo; personal information and confidentiality of the record was maintained during entire study period with approval from regional research and ethical review committee. RESULTS: Of 1412 clients for Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs), 990 (70.1%) were females and 422 (29.9%) were males with mean age 27.13&plusmn;7.02. Majority, 806 (57.1%) RDTs were in outreach followed by 470 (33.3%) and 136 (9.6%) at Maternity ward and Couselling Clinic respectively. Clients included 1294 (91.6%) Omani nationals and 118 (8.4%) non-Omani nationals. The risky behavior was found to be 126 (9%) among clients with heterosexual contributes 65 (4.6%). Among all risk factors, male clients contributed 124 (8.7%) with common age group 26-35 years 56 (3.9%). CONCLUSION: RDTs were utilized mainly during outreach activities that highlight the need of promoting VCT facilities in the clinical setting as services are available 24/7 through hotline. This baseline study would facilitate to develop plan for client&rsquo;s risk reduction.

scholarly journals Butorphanol in Labour Analgesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (214) ◽  
pp. 940-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyotsna Yadav ◽  
Mohan Chandra Regmi ◽  
Pritha Basnet ◽  
K.M. Guddy ◽  
Balkrishna Bhattarai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Outcome ◽  
Labour Pain ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Labour Analgesia ◽  
Labor Pain ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fetal Heart Rate Monitoring ◽  
Uterine Contractions ◽  
Pain Scores

Introduction: Labour is the process where uterine contractions lead to expulsion of product of conception through the vagina into the outer world. Labour pain is one of the most severe pains which has ever been evaluated and its fear is one of the reasons women wouldn’t go for natural delivery. Delivery is a painful experience for all of the women except a few of them. The labor pain results from some physiological-psychological causes. Different pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods have been tried for pain relief in labour. The objective of this study is to see the effect of butorphanol injection in labour pain. Methods: It is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in B.P. Koirala institute of health sciences. We observed 200 pregnant women meeting the inclusion criteria and giving the informed consent who were on 1 mg butorphanol i.m. at the onset of active stage of labour every 4 hourly and on demand. Pain assessment was done by Numerical Pain analogue scale measured from 1 to 10. Fetal heart rate monitoring was done according to the hospital protocol. Caesarean section was performed for obstetrical indication. Neonatal outcome was evaluated by on duty pediatrician and APGAR score were noted at 1 and 5 min.Results: The pain scores in first, second, third, fourth hour were (8.83±0.773), (9.84±0.544), (9.94±0.338), (9.6±0.298) respectively, where 1st and 2nd hour is statistically significant.Conclusions: Butorphanol is an effective labour analgesia without significant adverse effects on women and the neonatal outcome.

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