REMODELING OF MILITARY STRUCTURES – A STRINGENT REQUIREMENT FOR INCREASING MOBILITY AND COUNTERMOBILITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-54
Author(s):  
Adrian-Robert GHEORGHE
Keyword(s):  
Military Operations ◽  
Stringent Requirement ◽  
Know How ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
Final Goal ◽  
Military Conflicts ◽  
High Dynamics ◽  
Short Time ◽  
The Military

Abstract: Modern military conflicts have proved that military actions are characterized by very rapid situational changes. Commanders and staffs must know how to react promptly to these changes and order, according to the situation, the measures to be taken, knowing that their decisions will coordinate the combat actions of the forces according to the missions received. The tendency of modern armies to increase the mobility of their troops by technological up-grades in short time, which incorporated the latest developments in science at that time, has been constantly backed up by the tendency to find the most economical and effective ways to reduce the maneuverability of opposing troops. These trends generated by the high dynamics of the current confrontation environment have practically imposed the need for the permanent remodeling of the military structures having as final goal the obtaining of the victory in the military operations/actions.

Die wirtschaftlichen Auswirkungen der Piraterie auf die Schifffahrt

2015 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
Torsten Czenskowsky ◽  
Jan-Michael Böttcher
Keyword(s):  
International Organizations ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Horn Of Africa ◽  
Sea Transport ◽  
Know How ◽  
The World ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Military ◽  
Weil Sich

Heutzutage existiert Piraterie an vielen Orten und in vielen Formen auf der ganzen Welt. Der Grund dafür ist, dass kriminelle Organisationen erkannt haben, dass Lösegelderpressung oder Ladungsraub ein einträgliches Geschäft sein kann. Auch internationale Organisationen und nationale Regierungen haben diesen Trend erkannt und erwerben ein immer höheres Know-how, wie mit dieser Art der Bedrohung umzugehen ist, bzw. wie gegen diese vorgegangen werden kann. Auch Reedern und Schiffseignern ist bewusst geworden, dass ihre Schiffe jederzeit Ziel eines Piratenangriffes sein können, wenn sie sich in diesen gefährdeten Gebieten aufhalten. Aufgrund dessen wurden Maßnahmen ergriffen, um Schiffe, Ladungen und Besatzungen zu schützen. Dabei müssen die Reeder und Schiffseigner jedoch den Kostenrahmen beachten, weil sich die Transporte sonst nicht mehr rentieren oder die Preise für die Kunden zu hoch veranschlagt werden müssen. In recent years the worldwide threat of piracy has increased. Ransom or robbery charge can be a lucrative business. In this matter West Africa and Indonesia are currently the most vulnerable areas of the world. A disturbance of the sea transport streams causes economic damage and should therefore continue to be actively discouraged. International organizations and governments have recognized that. The military operations at the Horn of Africa effectively decreases the number of pirate attacks. Ship owners are also aware that their ships could be the target of a pirate attack at any time. They have taken steps to protect crew, ship and cargo. However, the ship owners need to consider the cost framework; otherwise the prices for the end customers will become too high. This article describes piracy in general and especially the economic aspects of this threat. Keywords: rechtsrahmen, nutzwertanalyse, imb pcr, gefährdungsgebiete

scholarly journals The Operational Environment in the Age of Artificial Intelligence. Possible Scenarios.

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-270
Author(s):  
Laviniu Bojor
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Main Direction ◽  
Operational Environment ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Military Conflicts ◽  
Short Time ◽  
The Military

Abstract The permanent tendency to invest huge budgets of money in research and development in order to create military capabilities that will allow hitting a large number of targets in a short time and in an extended battlespace continues to be the main direction for neutralizing a possible opponent in the military conflicts. Due to current scientific and technological advances, the focus nowadays is on using artificial intelligence (AI) with the purpose of dominating the operational environment in the theatres of operation (TO). The present paper aims to identify how AI will shape the operational environment of future military conflicts.

The Afghan “Fog of War”

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
Laviniu Bojor ◽  
Ionuț Alin Cîrdei
Keyword(s):  
Political Power ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Al Qaeda ◽  
Development Effort ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Military Conflicts ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Military ◽  
Immediate Response

AbstractThe terrorist attacks of 9/11 took the USA and NATO by surprise, as they are still under the euphoric effect of celebrating the fall of the Eastern European ideological walls and the collapse of the communist bloc. The immediate response of the military operations led to the neutralization of the Taliban forces or more precisely to their removed from political power and denial the influence of Al Qaeda. The purely military approach dominated the initial kinetic clashes and conquered the physical terrain but failed to dominate the society marked by perennial conflicts, widespread corruption, poverty and multiple ethnic and tribal fragmentations. The Afghan insurgency that formed seems to have managed to slow down and finally block the reconstruction and development effort made by the strong NATO-centred coalitions. The article examines the causes of the Afghan “fog of war” that led to this great failure and makes recommendations that must be taken into account in future military conflicts.

scholarly journals Feasibility Study on the Development of a Deployable Tactical EMP Tent for a Sustainable Military Facility

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Kukjoo Kim ◽  
Kyung-Ryeung Min ◽  
Young-Jun Park
Keyword(s):  
Korean Peninsula ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Shielding Effectiveness ◽  
Electromagnetic Pulses ◽  
Fixed Weight ◽  
Operational Readiness ◽  
The Military ◽  
Transaction Price ◽  
Delphi Analysis ◽  
Weight Structures

The Korean peninsula is under increasing threat of electromagnetic pulses (EMPs) from neighboring countries; EMP protection facilities are an essential means of ensuring the operational readiness of the military. However, existing EMP protection facilities are manufactured as fixed-weight structures, which limit the mobility of military operations and lead to the misconception of EMP protection as something only required for higher command. The current military and official EMP protection standards require only a uniform shielding effectiveness of 80 dB. Therefore, this study aims to differentiate the existing uniform level of shielding effectiveness of 80 dB into 80 dB, 60 dB, 40 dB, etc. Further, it seeks to derive the factors to be considered when applying various methods, such as shielding rooms, shielding racks, site redundancy, spare equipment, and portable lightweight protective tents, for recovery of failure, instead of the existing protection facilities that rely on shielded rooms by the Delphi analysis. Then, the applicability of lightweight EMP protection is determined after selecting lightweight materials to build a facility. The electromagnetic shielding performance of 21 types of materials was measured in the 30 MHz–1.5 GHz frequency band using ASTM-D-4935-10. The results showed the possibility of developing a lightweight EMP shielding facility, which would save approximately 316,386 tons of concrete, reducing the CO2 emissions by approximately 9,972,489 tons. Assuming that the Korean carbon transaction price is USD 50/ton CO2, the savings are equivalent to USD 49,862,435.

scholarly journals Art. XX. An Account of the Religious Opinions and Observances of the Khonds of Goomsur and Boad

1843 ◽  
Vol 7 (13) ◽  
pp. 172-199
Author(s):  
Samuel Charters Maopherson
Keyword(s):  
General Interest ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
The Public ◽  
Cape Of Good Hope ◽  
The Military

[Note. Several years ago, at the close of the military operations of the Madras Government in Goomsur, Captain (then Lieutenant) Macpherson executed by order of government a survey of the country, and in that service lost his health. From the Cape of Good Hope, whither he had gone for its recovery, he transmitted his notes on the religion of the Khonds to a relative in this country, who considered them to possess so much novelty and general interest, that he presented them to the Society, upon his own responsibility, and without the sanction of the writer: and a few additions having been since made, the paper is now laid before the public.]

Proportionality under Jus ad Bellum and Jus in Bello: Clarifying their Relationship

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphaël van Steenberghe
Keyword(s):  
Case Law ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Military Operation ◽  
Jus In Bello ◽  
Jus Ad Bellum ◽  
Legal Literature ◽  
State Practice ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Relationship

Proportionality is a condition provided under both jus ad bellum and jus in bello. Based on a particular interpretation of state practice and international case law, recent legal literature argues that the two notions of proportionality are interrelated in that proportionality under jus in bello is included in the assessment of proportionality under jus ad bellum. This article seeks to refute such a position and, more generally, to clarify the relationship between the two notions of proportionality.The main argument of the article is in line with the traditional position regarding the relationship between jus ad bellum and jus in bello. It is argued that, although sharing common features and being somewhat interconnected, the notions of proportionality provided under these two separate branches of international law remain independent of each other, mainly because of what is referred to in this article as the ‘general versus particular’ dichotomy, which characterises their relations. Proportionality under jus ad bellum is to be measured against the military operation as a whole, whereas proportionality under jus in bello is to be assessed against individual military attacks launched in the framework of this operation.This article nonetheless emphasises the risk of overlap between the assessments of the two notions of proportionality when the use of force involves only one or a few military operations. Indeed, in such situations, the ‘general versus particular’ dichotomy, which normally enables one to make a distinct assessment between the two notions of proportionality, is no longer applicable since it becomes impossible to distinguish between the military operation as a whole and the individual military attacks undertaken during this operation.

Prospects for Cooperation Between Russia and Syria in Various Scenarios of Military Conflict Development

2021 ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
Alheder Haled
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Foreign Economic Policy ◽  
Military Conflict ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Gdp Growth Rate ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Military Conflicts ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Relationship

The paper is devoted to determining the prospects for cooperation between Russia and the Syrian Arab Republic in various scenarios of military conflicts. In order to identify the relationship between the success of the country's foreign economic policy and the military conflicts waged on its territory, a study was conducted of such indicators of Syria as: the growth rate of the peace index and the GDP growth rate. A strong inverse correlation is revealed, which means that the level of political situation and peace in the state determines the efficiency of the economy. In view of this, various scenarios of the development of the military conflict in Syria have been studied: at the initial stage, at the stage of active hostilities, at the present stage of overcoming the crisis. The last stage involves four different scenarios for the development of a military conflict, including a local nature and a protracted nature with the involvement of other countries of the world. Options for developing cooperation between Russia and Syria have been identified for each scenario. Taking into account the assessment of the international political situation, the two most likely scenarios for further military events in Syria are identified, and the prospects for cooperation between Russia and Syria in these conditions are outlined.

scholarly journals Historical e-sources on the problem of the irrevocable human losses during the great Patriotic war of 1941-1945 (by the example of the Kuibyshev (Samara) Region)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 220-225
Author(s):  
Olga Yuryevna Igoshina
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Electronic Database ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Historical Truth ◽  
The Military ◽  
Mass Sources ◽  
Human Losses

This paper considers one of the urgent problems of the great Patriotic war history - the irrevocable human losses during the great Patriotic war. In the 21st century mass sources (electronic databases and databanks) were distributed. Some of them can be used while studying how local people of the Kuibyshev (now - Samara) Region participated in the military operations in 1941-1945. The paper analyzes information opportunities of the generalized databank Memorial and the consolidated database of the all-Russian information and search center Fatherland. The paper also analyzes the electronic database of the irrevocable human losses of the Kuibyshev Region that is founded on The Memory book and made by the author of the paper. The databank Memorial and the database Fatherland are on the Internet and help to determine the fate or find the information about the dead or missing relatives and friends as well as to determine their burial place. Sections of the victims are accompanied by links as well as by digital copies of archival documents that confirm the information about the date, place of service, death and burial of soldier. Electronic resources have unique features and value for achieving the historical truth about the price of Victory.

scholarly journals They Arrived Completely Intact: The Evacuation of Chersonese Museum Collections to Sverdlovsk

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Mokhov ◽  
Andrey Shamanaev ◽  
Karina Kapsalykova
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
Museum Exhibits ◽  
Military Conflicts ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Public Organisations ◽  
The Military

This article considers the emergency evacuation of the collections of the Chersonese Historical and Archaeological Museum from Sevastopol to Sverdlovsk during the Great Patriotic War, between September and December 1941. The authors analyse some issues concerning the preparation and transportation of the museum collection and the interaction between state structures and cultural institutions in wartime conditions. The study is based on unpublished archival materials from the funds of the State Archive of Sverdlovsk Region and the Documentation Centre of Public Organisations of Sverdlovsk Region. The study of problems connected with saving cultural heritage during military conflicts is relevant considering the threat of local wars in the modern world. At present, military actions pose serious risks of the destruction, damage, and illicit transfer of museum exhibits. The authors employ the historical and anthropological approach, paying a great deal of attention to the historiography of the issue of cultural heritage preservation during the Great Patriotic War. The experience of evacuating heritage collections from the Chersonese Museum is both unique and typical. One hundred and eight crates of artifacts, books, and archival documents were sent from Sevastopol to Sverdlovsk, accompanied by a single employee of the museum, S. F. Strzelecki. Owing to his effort, the priceless collection was successfully delivered to the rear. Most problems faced during the emergency evacuation of the Chersonese collections related to the deficit of material resources, rapid changes in the situation at the front, inefficient interaction between the bodies of power, academic and cultural institutions, and deficiencies in the transportation system. The authors argue that during the early stages of the Great Patriotic War, the conditions in the military and cultural spheres posed a significant threat to the preservation of cultural heritage. There were no mobilisation plans for museums and the authorities failed to assess the real risks of wartime. Taking these factors into account should help diminish the threat of cultural heritage loss during military conflicts.

scholarly journals Военные конфликты как способ пополнения военного жаргона

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 24-26
Author(s):  
О.А Брагина
Keyword(s):  
Military Operation ◽  
Military Conflicts ◽  
The Military

The article is devoted to the study of military conflicts as a way to supplement the military jargon. General features of military jargon are considered. Examples of the formation of jargon in the course of military conflicts (Afghan war, Chechen war, military operation in Syria) are presented.

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