The Afghan “Fog of War”

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
Laviniu Bojor ◽  
Ionuț Alin Cîrdei
Keyword(s):  
Political Power ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Al Qaeda ◽  
Development Effort ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Military Conflicts ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Military ◽  
Immediate Response

AbstractThe terrorist attacks of 9/11 took the USA and NATO by surprise, as they are still under the euphoric effect of celebrating the fall of the Eastern European ideological walls and the collapse of the communist bloc. The immediate response of the military operations led to the neutralization of the Taliban forces or more precisely to their removed from political power and denial the influence of Al Qaeda. The purely military approach dominated the initial kinetic clashes and conquered the physical terrain but failed to dominate the society marked by perennial conflicts, widespread corruption, poverty and multiple ethnic and tribal fragmentations. The Afghan insurgency that formed seems to have managed to slow down and finally block the reconstruction and development effort made by the strong NATO-centred coalitions. The article examines the causes of the Afghan “fog of war” that led to this great failure and makes recommendations that must be taken into account in future military conflicts.

The Language of New Terrorism: Differences in Psychological Dimensions of Communication in Dabiq and Inspire

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Vergani ◽  
Ana-Maria Bliuc
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
English Language ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Al Qaeda ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Terrorist Groups ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Psychological Dimensions ◽  
New Terrorism

We investigate differences in the psychological aspects underpinning Western mobilisation of two terrorist groups by analysing their English-language propaganda. Based on a computerized analysis of the language used in two English-language online magazines circulated by ISIS and al-Qaeda (i.e., Dabiq and Inspire), we found significant differences in their language - the ISIS’ language being higher in authoritarianism and its level of religiousness. In a follow-up experimental study, we found that being high in religiousness and authoritarianism predicts more positive attitudes towards the language used by ISIS, but not towards the language used by al-Qaeda. The results suggest that ISIS’ propaganda may be more effective in mobilising individuals who are more authoritarian and more focused on religion than that of al-Qaeda. These findings are consistent with the behaviour observed in recent homegrown terrorist attacks in the USA and Europe.

scholarly journals Hybrid War and the National Security of Russia

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 93-99
Author(s):  
V. M. Rodachin
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
World Order ◽  
The United States ◽  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
American Military ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
Military Conflicts ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Hybrid War ◽  
The Military

The article is devoted to the military conflicts of the XXI century and the existing approaches to their understanding of the foreign and domestic scientific literature. The subject of research is the phenomenon and theory of “hybrid war”, which originated in the late 1990s — early 2000s, and are widely used in current conditions. The founders of the term, theoretical concept and military doctrinal foundations of “hybrid war” are American military experts. The article reveals the stages of formation of the theory of hybrid war, the existing militarytheoretical and political-ideological approaches to the characterisation of its essence. The author emphasised the unfounded nature of the accusations against the Russian Federation about the “annexation of Crimea”, the implementation of “hybrid aggression” in the South-East of Ukraine and other regions. Further, the author presented the analysis of real, not fictional signs of “hybrid war”. The author concluded that hybrid wars are a new instrument of aggression of the neo-Imperial Western powers against sovereign States as opposed to the hegemony of the United States in the crisis of the unipolar world order. The necessity of improving the system of national security of Russia taking into account the USA and NATO unleashing against our country “hybrid war” and its possible escalation is substantiated.

REMODELING OF MILITARY STRUCTURES – A STRINGENT REQUIREMENT FOR INCREASING MOBILITY AND COUNTERMOBILITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-54
Author(s):  
Adrian-Robert GHEORGHE
Keyword(s):  
Military Operations ◽  
Stringent Requirement ◽  
Know How ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
Final Goal ◽  
Military Conflicts ◽  
High Dynamics ◽  
Short Time ◽  
The Military

Abstract: Modern military conflicts have proved that military actions are characterized by very rapid situational changes. Commanders and staffs must know how to react promptly to these changes and order, according to the situation, the measures to be taken, knowing that their decisions will coordinate the combat actions of the forces according to the missions received. The tendency of modern armies to increase the mobility of their troops by technological up-grades in short time, which incorporated the latest developments in science at that time, has been constantly backed up by the tendency to find the most economical and effective ways to reduce the maneuverability of opposing troops. These trends generated by the high dynamics of the current confrontation environment have practically imposed the need for the permanent remodeling of the military structures having as final goal the obtaining of the victory in the military operations/actions.

scholarly journals CITIES, FORTRESSES, GARRISONS. FORTIFICATION AND DEFENSE STRATEGIES IN THE COSSACK HETMANATE IN THE «MILITARIY REVOLUTION» PERIOD

2018 ◽  
pp. 89-113
Author(s):  
Oleksii Sokyrko
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Defense Strategies ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Military Revolution ◽  
The Military

Changes in the Early Modern military technologies have fundamentally affected the transformation in urban space: fortifications, planning, lifestyle of the inhabitants. At the same time, the development of new defence fortresses and the modernization of the old ones, the providing it by garrisons and artillery have become important elements of state policy. All these innovations were part of the «military revolution» in Europe. Its features in this had the important place in Eastern European states among them and the Cossack Hetmanate.The theatre of military operations on which the main enemy for a long time were the Tatars had led to the fact that most fortifications were wood-earthen.However, the development of firearms gradually forced to abandon brick and wooden fortifications of the frontal type. They were supplemented with elements of Western European fortification (bastions and ravelins), which increased the firepower of the fortress and its defensive capacity.At the same time, the Hetmanate did not have sufficient resources for largescale reconstructions of fortresses and the maintenance of permanent garrisons in them. The combination of these factors led to the fact that in the XVIII century fortification building in the Cossack Hetmanate passed into the hands of Russia and began to be used in the interests of the Empire.

scholarly journals Partnership of the USA and African Countries in the Fight Against Terrorism under the Administrations of J.W. Bush and Barack Obama

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 164-181
Author(s):  
D. S. Magomedov
Keyword(s):  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Central Government ◽  
The United States ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Counter Terrorism ◽  
Military Presence ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Arab Spring ◽  
The Military

The article examines the place of African countries in the US counter-terrorism strategy under the administrations of G.W. Bush and B. Obama. It is alleged that at the turn of the 2010-s the significance of this trend has increased due to the intensification of Islamists in the countries of West Africa and the new round of the civil war in Somalia. This led to an intensification of the military presence and tightened cooperation with the allies, on which the Americans also sought to entrust the main struggle against the radicals. There are several directions of counterterrorism policy: the provision of technical assistance to partner countries for the development of special forces; the building of subregional mechanisms for coordinating counter-terrorism actions; intensification of cooperation in the financial sphere; carrying out separate military operations, mainly by UAV forces. In the end, itwas the African direction that turned out to be the most successful example of Obama’s “leading from the behind” strategy. Despite the fact that under the influence of the Arab Spring and the rise of the ISIS in the Middle East in 2011-2014, there was an escalation of violence in the region, in general, the main goals of combating Islamist terrorism by the end of 2016 were achieved by the USA. In Somalia, Nigeria and Libya, Americans relied on the local forces concerned, restricting participation by coordinating allies, providing intelligence and striking individual blows. The French intervention in Mali in 2013 enabled the Europeans to shift the main burden of fighting local Islamists. In addition, Egypt, receiving abundant military assistance from the United States, did not allow the expansion of the ISIS’s zone of operations in the Sinai Peninsula, but it was not possible to fully cope with the small local branch due to the instability of relations with local tribes that remain outside the control of the central government.

Twenty-First-Century Torture

2021 ◽  
pp. 125-158
Author(s):  
William L. d'Ambruoso
Keyword(s):  
Bush Administration ◽  
September 11 ◽  
First Century ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Al Qaeda ◽  
Legal Counsel ◽  
Geneva Conventions ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Enhanced Interrogation ◽  
The Military

Immediately following the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, members of the George W. Bush administration signaled that current rules regarding intelligence, detention, and interrogation were too confining. With approval from the Justice Department’s Office of Legal Counsel (OLC), the president declared that the Geneva Conventions’ detention and interrogation guidelines would not apply to Al Qaeda and Taliban detainees. The problem with Geneva, administration lawyers argued, was that it would tie interrogators’ hands. The CIA and the military wanted an explicit legal blessing for their interrogation programs. They got it in the form of a series of memos by the OLC and military lawyers, who defined torture in exceedingly narrow terms. The result was “enhanced interrogation,” which the administration claimed did not amount to torture but was still a sufficiently “tough” program to break hardened terrorists.

Improvement of Acoustic Properties and Dynamic Characteristics of Temporary Bridge Structures

2015 ◽  
Vol 752-753 ◽  
pp. 733-738
Author(s):  
Iveta Skotnicova ◽  
Nada Zdrazilova ◽  
Roman Fojtik ◽  
Pavel Oravec
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Properties ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Steel Bridge ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Dynamic Stresses ◽  
Acoustic Characteristics ◽  
Bridge Structures ◽  
The Military ◽  
Excessive Noise

The article deals with dynamic and acoustic characteristics of the temporary steel bridge structures. Their construction is usually associated with the need of temporary replacement of the permanent bridge structures which were damaged or completely destroyed due to natural disasters or by human forces during the military operations or terrorist attacks. If some area is affected such this disaster, it usually gets into the difficult economic situation and it is not possible to recover the permanent construction in real time. In many cases there arises a situation that the temporary structure performs its function for years or permanently. In view of this fact, it is necessary to solve a number of defects, especially with regard to the long-term dynamic stresses in the structure and to excessive noise, which arises due to the traffic, because this structure is not primarily designed for it.

scholarly journals Hybrid Wars as a Security Threat in the 21st Century

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
Vladimir Lukyanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Security Threat ◽  
The West ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Hybrid War ◽  
Main Instrument ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Military

The article dwells on the phenomenon of hybrid wars as the main forming factor for the system of contemporary international relations. Traditionally, this problem has been solved by military means: the best known systems of international relations of the past were created as a result of large-scale wars. Today, however, forming new systems of international relations this way is impossible. The main obstacle is nuclear weapons, able to cause catastrophic consequences in the case of a world war. Nowadays, the main instrument for achieving domination in the global arena is hybrid warfare, whose main danger is the lack of norms and rules for conducting military operations. The danger for individual states lies in the loss of cultural and civilizational identity, while for the system of international relations, in global instability due to the increasing scale and number of hybrid wars. In conclusion, the author suggests the following solutions to the problem: adopting a programme to counter hybrid wars at the level of individual states and developing common approaches to countering hybrid wars at the level of the global community. The key role in devising the global approach should be played by the United Nations. The UN charter should be supplemented with a definition of a hybrid war and methods of countering it. Moreover, a compromise needs to be reached between the West (first of all, the USA) and Russia. According to the author, this compromise is of primary importance for the military, political, cultural, ideological spheres, etc. In these areas, the opposing parties – Russia and the West – must develop a common vision of solving global problems, first of all, the problem of hybrid wars

The Civilian-Military Contingency Hospital System (CMCHS) in the USA

1985 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay C. Bisgard ◽  
C.F. Mullaly
Keyword(s):  
Department Of Defense ◽  
Medical System ◽  
High State ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Sufficient Time ◽  
Hospital System ◽  
Medical Factors ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Military ◽  
And Training

The Department of Defense (DOD) must be prepared to deal with the most likely contingency situations. In developing plans, certain medical factors must be considered. One of these is mobilization time. In prior conflicts, we had sufficient time to expand the military medical system to meet the needs of military operations. We did this by organizing medical units, building hospitals, and training personnel. But, given the high state of readiness and mobility of current combat forces, a future conventional conflict could begin with very little warning. If the USA were to be involved in this kind of a situation, our military forces would have to be supported with our present medical capabilities.

Corporate culture as a driver of the corporate security of foreign military-industrial enterprises

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 2363-2380
Author(s):  
S.B. Zainullin ◽  
O.A. Zainullina
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Culture ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
The State ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Corporate Security ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Military

Subject. The military-industrial complex is one of the core industries in any economy. It ensures both the economic and global security of the State. However, the economic security of MIC enterprises strongly depends on the State and other stakeholders. Objectives. We examine key factors of corporate culture in terms of theoretical and practical aspects. The article identifies the best implementation of corporate culture that has a positive effect on the corporate security in the MIC of the USA, the United Kingdom, the European Union, Japan ans China. Methods. The study employs dialectical method of research, combines the historical and logic unity, structural analysis, traditional techniques of economic analysis and synthesis. Results. We performed the comparative analysis of corporate culture models and examined how they are used by the MIC corporations with respect to international distinctions. Conclusions and Relevance. The State is the main stakeholder of the MIC corporations, since it acts as the core customer represented by the military department. It regulates and controls operations. The State is often a major shareholder of such corporations. Employees are also important stakeholders. Hence, trying to satisfy stakeholders' needs by developing the corporate culture, corporations mitigate their key risks and enhance their corporate security.

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