scholarly journals EUTHANASIA - A CHOICE BETWEEN DEATH AND DEATH (THE VIEW OF EUROPE AND RUSSIA)

2022 ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Ирина Станиславовна Бочарникова
Keyword(s):  
Work Experience ◽  
Related Problem ◽  
Professional Community ◽  
Medical Professional ◽  
Psychological Pain ◽  
Political Debates ◽  
Interdisciplinary Nature ◽  
Complete Rejection ◽  
Gene Technologies ◽  
Close Relatives

В современном научном дискурсе появляется много интересных тем, рассматривающих самые острые проблемы социума, и одна из них - табуированная тема - эвтаназия. Эта проблема носит междисциплинарный характер. Философы, в рамках биоэтики, осмысливают нравственные аспекты, психологи «решают» дилемму «хорошо/плохо», «убийство/самоубийство/гуманный акт помощи», юристы прорабатывают нормативно-правовые акты по защите, зачастую трудносовместимых, прав пациентов/врачей/выгодополучателей, медики, сталкиваясь с «невыносимой физической и психологической болью» пациентов и близких родственников, предлагают свои варианты решения проблемы, физики, химики, генетики не остаются в стороне, развивая нейротехнологии, регенеративную медицину, фармакологию, био- и генные технологии. Политики, разворачивая широкие дискуссии о морально-этической стороне этого вопроса, российском традиционализме, либеральных ценностях, устраивая политические дебаты, разрабатывают дивиденды. Социологи, рассматривая эту социальную проблему, замеряют «градус общественного мнения». Общество, как живой сложносоставной организм, опираясь на свои ментальные программы, реагирует по-разному: от полного неприятия («человеческая жизнь - божественный дар») до однозначной легализации процедуры «достойной смерти, качественной смерти». Одна из важных проблем медицинского профессионального сообщества - проблема обеспечения «достойной смерти» неизлечимо больных пациентов и связанная с ней проблема эвтаназии. Мнение полярно. На понимание медиками проблем легализации эвтаназии оказывают влияние разновекторные факторы: во-первых, ценностные установки, во-вторых, опыт и место работы (врачи паллиативных отделений, хосписов, онкологи, имеющие большой стаж работы, более склоны к легализации эвтаназии), в-третьих, техническое, технологическое, фармакологическое обеспечение медицинского учреждения, в-четвертых, нормативно-правовая составляющая. Many interesting topics appear in the modern scientific discourse. They consider the most acute problems of society and one of them is a taboo topic - euthanasia. This problem is of an interdisciplinary nature. Philosophers within the framework of bioethics comprehend the moral aspects. Psychologists "solve" the dilemma of "good/bad", "murder/suicide/humane act of assistance". Lawyers are working on regulatory legal acts to protect the rights of patients/doctors/beneficiaries, which are often difficult to replace. Doctors, facing the "unbearable physical and psychological pain" of patients and close relatives, offer their own solutions to the problem, physicists, chemists, geneticists do not stay away, developing neurotechnologies, regenerative medicine, pharmacology, bio and gene technologies. Politicians also do not stand aside, unfolding broad discussions, arranging political debates, developing dividends. Sociologists considering this social problem measure the "degree of public opinion". Society as a living complex organism relying on its mental programs reacts in different ways: from complete rejection to legalization of this procedure. One of the important problems of the medical professional community is the problem of ensuring a “dignified death” of terminally ill patients and the related problem of euthanasia. The opinion of doctors is polar. Doctor`s understanding of the problems of legalizing euthanasia is influenced by various factors: firstly, values, secondly, experience and place of work (doctors of palliative departments, hospices, oncologists with long work experience are more inclined to legalize euthanasia), thirdly, technical, technological, pharmacological support of a medical institution, and fourthly, the regulatory component

scholarly journals The role of socio-professional teachers’ unions in a situation when the education system is being modernized

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-173
Author(s):  
Natalya V. Prokazina ◽  
Victor L. Lantsev
Keyword(s):  
Education System ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Professional Growth ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Professional Community ◽  
Active Participation ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
National System ◽  
Teachers Unions ◽  
The Individual

This article points out that the process of modernizing the Russian Federation’s education system is aimed at developing such a professional body of teachers that would be prepared to solve issues associated with improving the quality of education. Given such a situation, the need arises for finding effective means of developing the professional competencies of teachers. One direction for modernizing the education system would be a national system of advancement for teachers, which postulates the need for creating the right conditions for the formal and informal training of educators. Given the context, socio-professional teachers’ unions turn out to be especially vital. The goal of this study was to identify how active participation in the practices of such organizations is connected to a young teacher’s professional growth. The study was conducted in Orel Province. Members of the regional young math teachers’ association were selected to be the object of research, with questionnaire survey used as the research method. The study focused on several aspects of teaching: professional difficulties faced by young educators, the mentorship system, an educator’s value orientations, professional growth. The results of the study allowed for identifying three groups of educators, the first one being young teachers who do not actively participate in educational events. The second group included teachers who do not share their own methodical expertise, but partake in seminars and master classes. The third group consists of educators who publically share their experience and are prepared to think of new ideas for future events. The article shows that the Association’s active participation in various events significantly affected the individual value orientations of trade professionals. Those educators who shared their publically work experience demonstrated a higher degree of professional aptitude in performing their jobs within the national system of teachers’ training. ctive efforts as members of the Association helped young educators quickly adapt within their professional community and establish firm social connections with their colleagues. The authors suggest the need for developing a system of mentorship in educational institutions, which would utilize resources provided by socio-professional teachers’ unions.

scholarly journals Knowledge of students from the Institute nursery at the Public Higher Medical Professional School in Opole regarding natural feeding of infants

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-6
Author(s):  
Ewa Kopitza ◽  
Izabela Wróblewska
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Perinatal Care ◽  
Medical Professional ◽  
Professional School ◽  
Feeding Method ◽  
The Public ◽  
High Level ◽  
Analysis Of Knowledge ◽  
Breast Fed

[b]Introduction[/b]. From the year 2011 novel standards of perinatal care in force in Poland. The guidelines involve perinatal procedures, including those that refer to the period of lactation. It follows that promoting breast-feeding has become compulsory, is controlled by law and must be documented, analysed and reported back. In this connection, competences of medical workers appear to be of great importance, similarly as thorough knowledge regarding the subject of natural breast-feeding of infants.[b]Aim of research. [/b]Analysis of knowledge of average medical staff regarding natural breast-feeding of infants and dissemination of that knowledge.[b]Data and methods[/b]. The research was conducted in December of 2011and based on a specially designed questionnaire created by the authors. Interviewees were 136 nurses studying at the Public Higher Medical Professional School in Opole.[b]Results[/b]. The majority of of respondents were 31-40 years old (54%), among them the highest percentage comprised of people having 10-19 years of work expirience (46%), born in cities (61%). The majority of interviewees breast-fed their children (85%), was thoroughly knowledgeable with respect to this subject and promoted such feeding method amongst their acquaintances.[b]Conclusions[/b]. 1.Regardless of age, place of residence and work experience, the interviewees breast-fed their infants. 2. The respondents promote breast-feeding to people whom they take care of. 3. The nurses interviewed consider their own knowledge regarding the period of lactationa as being on a very high level.

scholarly journals Preface - Focus Meeting 20: Astronomy for Development

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (A29A) ◽  
pp. 378-379
Author(s):  
Kevin Govender
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Plan ◽  
Professional Community ◽  
Interdisciplinary Nature ◽  
The Way

This Focus Meeting was about the global developmental impact that all aspects related to astronomy can deliver. The interdisciplinary nature of the meeting made it relevant to all IAU Divisions and the professional astronomy community in general. The manner in which the strategic plan has been designed and the way in which OAD implements it allows for input and innovation from the professional community both to develop the astronomy field globally and to stimulate the developmental benefits arising from the astronomy field. IAU members have played a key role in every stage of implementation of the strategic plan, from its ratification, through to strong participation in its implementation. This meeting served to report back to them in terms of progress, as well as seek input from them in terms of shaping the way forward.

scholarly journals University and deliberative democracy. Towards citizenship education

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Scotton
Keyword(s):  
Deliberative Democracy ◽  
Social Role ◽  
University Education ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Deliberative Process ◽  
Political Debates ◽  
Political Theories ◽  
Complete Rejection ◽  
High Standards

Deliberative democracy represents one of the most relevant political theories and it has acquired a growing importance within political debates and practices. However it presents some crucial problems in relation to the very high standards of rationality required to citizens for the deliberative process, in particular regarding the problem of public ignorance and the capabilities’ deficit. Amid these problems this article argues in favour of the necessity of education to political life as an unavoidable precondition for deliberative democracy. Since the theory is mainly concerned with the participation of adults within society, the task of offering possible solutions to these questions evidently stands on the shoulders of university education. The article calls for a fundamental ethical and social role of university within society without which the gap between the abstract theory of deliberative democracy and its real practices would determine its complete rejection and any form of democratic participation would ultimately be meaningless, if not dangerous.

scholarly journals Metabolic changes in patients with prostate cancer with androgen deprivation therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-200
Author(s):  
Maxim N. Peshkov ◽  
Galina P. Peshkova ◽  
Igor V. Reshetov
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Androgen Deprivation Therapy ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Professional Community ◽  
Clinical Situation ◽  
Medical Professional ◽  
Androgen Deprivation ◽  
Metabolic Complications ◽  
Term Survival

Prostate cancer is the most common type of cancer among men. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the most effective treatment for this disease. The cornerstone of prostate cancer treatment is the inhibition of testosterone production, which interrupts testosterone-induced growth of the prostate tumour. A sharp decrease in testosterone, however, has several undesirable effects on the metabolic profile and bone metabolism and can also lead to fatigue, loss of libido, gynecomastia and anaemia, provoke vasomotor hyperaemia and generally affect the quality of life. To increase the good (long-term) survival of patients with prostate cancer, studying the side effects associated with treatment is important, and therefore, in every clinical situation, the benefits of ADT must be compared with the side effects associated with the treatment. This article focuses on the described metabolic complications of ADT, including obesity, diabetes, lipid changes, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. It also contains practical recommendations for managing the side effects and complications based on the available guidelines issued by the medical professional community.

scholarly journals In The Face of Death: Care at the End of Life

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danguolė Drungilienė ◽  
Vida Mockienė
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Family Member ◽  
Nursing Care ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Significant Others ◽  
Dying Patients ◽  
Close Relatives ◽  
Dying Patient

Research background. Nursing care for patients with terminal conditions is one of the leading problems in health care. Health care specialists caring for the dying patient are under enormous psychological stress. Before death the patient requires medical and family support because death provokes feelings of fear or anxiety. During nursing care for dying patients the most important issue is to help people to live fully up to the last moment of his life. The aim of the research was to analyse the aspects of care of dying patients. Research methods. The subjects, 250 health care specialists (doctors, nurses), 57 dying patients’ family members and significant others, filled-in a questionnaire consisting of a Frommelt’s approach to nursing care for dying patients, a modified Collet-Lester scale of death fear, and a questionnaire for the dying patients’ family members and significant others. Results and conclusions. The vast majority (92.4%) of respondents were religious, had experienced bereavement, care for person with incurable illnesses and have knowledge about death. The most important concern of respondents related to the process of death of themselves or their close relatives was due to the pain in the process of death. The majority of respondents (93.1%), especially with higher education, had a good attitude towards nursing care for dying patients. Respondents with the experience of bereavement more often noted that families caring for the patient with incurable disease need for emotional support and that close relatives should participate during the patient’s process of death. Respondents who had work experience with the dying patients significantly more often believed that possibility of the dependence on painkillers should not be considered when it comes to the dying person. According to them, the family members who remain with the dying patient disturb the nursing care. Respondents who have had knowledge about death significantly more often noted that the care for patient’s family members should continue throughout the period of mourning and bereavement, and indicated that they were upset when their patient ceased to believe that he would recover. Respondents who felt threatened by the current bereavement and were more worried about their own death significantly more noted that the stress was the most common psychological problem in the end of life. As proved by the survey outcomes, the majority of the patients (75.4%) were frequently visited by family members. During the time of their disease, most of the patients (77.2%) stayed alone just for short periods of time. At the time of death, the majority of the respondents (61.4%) stayed at the bedside of their family member, 38.6% of the respondents indicated that the dying person frequently felt pain, and 19.3% of them stated that the pain was felt for a short or an insignificant period of time. About half of the respondents claimed that their family member could not eat or bree the independently. Over half of the patients who passed away (52.6%) did not discuss their nursing requirements, such as reanimation or intensive care, at the end of their lives, however, 35.1% of the patients did that. Approximately half of the patients discussed their funeral-related wishes and said good-bye to their family members or significant others. The majority of the survey participants-patients’ family members and significant others (82.5%) indicated that the patient in hospital had been properly cared for.Keywords: dying patient, death, nursing care.

scholarly journals ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ХАКАТОН-ЕКОСИСТЕМИ ДЛЯ ФОРСАЙТУ ЗАЙНЯТОСТІ МОЛОДІ: МАСШТАБИ, СТРУКТУРА ТА ФУНКЦІЇ

2022 ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
Liudmyla M. Hanushchak-Yefimenko ◽  
Svitlana I. Arabuli ◽  
Rafał Rębilas
Keyword(s):  
Work Experience ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Professional Community ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Secondary Employment

This article is an attempt to explore the opportunities of using the Hackathon ecosystem tools to perform a quality forecasting of a wide range of youth employment issues. It is observed that despite vast experience of psychological training in higher education institutions based on the transformation of self-awareness, shaping professional perceptions related to changes in professional knowledge of professional occupation as it is, its object, professional community, etc., modern University realia lack targeted management efforts towards developing job-related skills as well as comprehensive assessment of their changing trends in the process of professional enhancement of students’ self-consciousness. At best, specific good practice of individual specialists is used, often without its interpretation by teachers and psychologists and beyond the scope of systemic analysis of the research issues. All this challenges an impetus to further studies on developing professional self-awareness of future specialists and encourages active implementation of the Hackathon ecosystem tools to render a foresight on youth secondary employment and self-employment at the level of University as well as in a regional setting. To attain the research agenda, the study employed the following general and special research methods: a system analysis method, an analytical grouping technique, comparative analysis, and dynamic and graph series construction. To summarise the research outcomes and to prepare a proposal draft on the opportunities to use the Hackathon ecosystem for offering a foresight on youth secondary employment and self-employment, the methods of abstract logical analysis and content analysis were used. Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design was chosen as the basis for this study. A questionnaire was chosen as a method of sociological research on student secondary employment. As a research toolkit, two questionnaires were developed: for students and for graduates. The study suggests using the Hackathon ecosystem to perform a foresight on student secondary employment and self-employment as a model to promote professional socialization of Ukrainian youth. According to the research findings, it is argued that there are three trajectories of student secondary employment: spontaneously formed (a good high paying job offered by chance), planned (targeted search for secondary employment according to the study major to gain professional competencies and work experience) and forced (employment to improve or maintain financial and economic well-being, usually beyond the education profile). An emphasis is put that secondary employment for Ukrainian students is not only the way to gain work experience and an extra pay opportunity but also an instrument of student professionalization. It is concluded that the terms and nature of secondary employment affect the professionalization effectiveness where gaining work experience, building professional contacts and employment prospects after graduation are viewed as a benefit for a wider student youth involvement in secondary employment.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF BELARUSIAN PSYCHOLOGY IN 1920-1950 y.: HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL PRECONDITIONS. PART 1. PSYCHOLOGISTS OF REPUBLIC BEFORE THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR AND ON ITS FRONTS

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-34
Author(s):  
С.Л. Кандыбович ◽  
Т.В. Разина
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Combat Experience ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
Interdisciplinary Nature ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Post Soviet Period

В статье представлен анализ исторических предпосылок содержательных и организационных особенностей белорусской психологии, которые были характерны для нее в советский и постсоветский период (1950-2020 гг.). Значительную роль в ее характере сыграла Великая Отечественная война. В первой части статьи анализируется предвоенная ситуация в психологической науке Белоруссии, которая в общих чертах повторяла ситуацию с ее развитием в СССР в целом. Дан обзор особенностей боевых действий в начале Великой Отечественной войны на территории БССР и оккупации республики, что во многом обусловило развитие психологии как тогда, так и в последующие десятилетия. Рассмотрен боевой путь белорусских психологов на фронтах Великой Отечественной войны: С.М. Вержболовича, В.Н. Колбановского, В.М. Ковалгина, А.Т. Ростунова, Ф.И. Иващенко и Б.А. Бенедиктова. Показано, что значительное число выдающихся белорусских специалистов в области психологии второй половины XX в. обладали боевым опытом, полученным на фронтах. Дефицит специалистов-психологов, обусловленный репрессиями и боевыми действиями в военный период на территории Белоруссии, в 1950-60 гг. обусловил дальнейшее особенное становление белорусской психологии - это, прежде всего, междисциплинарный характер психологии, поскольку значительный вклад в ее развитие внесли представители других наук: методологии, философии, педагогики, социологии. Также для белорусской психологии характерна многогранность подходов, школ, поскольку значительное число психологов того периода получили образование и опыт работы и формировались как специалисты в самых различных психологических школах СССР. The article presents an analysis of the historical preconditions of the substantive and organizational specifics of Belarusian psychology, which were characteristic of it in the Soviet and post-Soviet period (1950-2020). The Great Patriotic War played a significant role in the nature of the development of Belarusian psychology. The first part of the article analyzes the pre-war situation in the psychological science of the Republic of Belarus, which in general repeated the situation with the development of psychology in the USSR. An overview of the peculiarities of hostilities at the beginning of the Great Patriotic War on the territory of the BSSR and the occupation of the republic is given, which largely determined the peculiarities of the development of psychology in this period and subsequent decades. The combat path of Belarusian psychologists (S.M. Verzhbolovich, V.N. Kolbanovsky, V.M. Kovalgin, A.T. Rostunov, F.I. Ivashchenko, B.A. Benedictov) on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War is considered. It is shown that a significant number of outstanding Belarusian psychologists of the second half of the XX century had combat experience gained on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War. The shortage of psychologists due to repression and hostilities during the Great Patriotic War in Belarus in 1950-60. determined the specifics of Belarusian psychology. This is the interdisciplinary nature of psychology, as a significant contribution to its development was made by representatives of other sciences: methodology, philosophy, pedagogy, sociology. Belarusian psychology is also characterized by the diversity of approaches and schools, as a significant number of Belarusian psychologists of that period received education and work experience, were formed as specialists in various psychological schools in the USSR.

Continuum of Care Following Sports-Related Concussion

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 1389-1403
Author(s):  
Jessica Brown ◽  
Kelly Knollman-Porter
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Sports Injuries ◽  
Continuum Of Care ◽  
Medical Professional ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Youth Athletes ◽  
Speech Language Pathologist ◽  
History Of ◽  
Injury Reporting

Purpose Although guidelines have changed regarding federally mandated concussion practices since their inception, little is known regarding the implementation of such guidelines and the resultant continuum of care for youth athletes participating in recreational or organized sports who incur concussions. Furthermore, data regarding the role of speech-language pathologists in the historic postconcussion care are lacking. Therefore, the purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate the experiences of young adults with history of sports-related concussion as it related to injury reporting and received follow-up care. Method Participants included 13 young adults with history of at least one sports-related concussion across their life span. We implemented a mixed-methods design to collect both quantitative and qualitative information through structured interviews. Participants reported experiencing 42 concussions across the life span—26 subsequent to sports injuries. Results Twenty-three concussions were reported to a parent or medical professional, 14 resulted in a formal diagnosis, and participants received initial medical care for only 10 of the incidents and treatment or services on only two occasions. Participants reported concussions to an athletic trainer least frequently and to parents most frequently. Participants commented that previous experience with concussion reduced the need for seeking treatment or that they were unaware treatments or supports existed postconcussion. Only one concussion incident resulted in the care from a speech-language pathologist. Conclusion The results of the study reported herein shed light on the fidelity of sports-related concussion care management across time. Subsequently, we suggest guidelines related to continuum of care from injury to individualized therapy.

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