scholarly journals A study to set-up a technological process for purification of Zinc scraps by using liquation method

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-43
Author(s):  
Ngoc Vuong Tran ◽  
Manh Hung Luong ◽  
Dinh Dang Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Time Factors ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Fe Content ◽  
Technology Process ◽  
Zn Content ◽  
Set Up

Zinc scrap is a source of raw material for zinc oxide production. However, to qualify the requirement of raw material for zinc oxide (99.5%) production, refining this source is needed. Many methods are considered such as rectification, chemical method, etc., but difficult to apply on an industrial scale. This workfocused on the investigation of the influence of temperature and time factors for asessing the possibility of applying liquation method for the purification of impurities from scrap zinc.The experiment results show that the optimum temperature of liquation to remove Pb,Fe from zinc scrap is in the range of 440-450°C, the optimal time of the process is 8h for the pot with 8cm in height and 6cm in diameter (the quantity of raw zinc sample is about 2kg / batch), then we can obtain about 80% of zinc metal with an average Zn content of about 97, 0%, both Pb and Fe content decreased to a range from 0.35 to 0.4%, and 1.0 to 1.1%, respectively, which meet the requirement of raw materials for the production of high quanlity ZnO ( 99,5 %). Based on the parameters obtained on lab-scale, a trial on pilot scale of 250 kg / batch was conducted, The result confirms that the quality of the products meets the requirement of raw materials for production of high quality ZnO (99.5%) and a technology process for refining zinc scrap by the liquation was proposed.

CARBON AND FUEL FROM RUBBER WASTE

2020 ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
Gennadi I. Zhuravsky ◽  
Maksim I. Nitievski
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Grade ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Technical Carbon ◽  
Rubber Waste ◽  
Composite Mixture

The results of studies of thermolysis waste in the environment of overheated water vapor are presented. It is shown that as a result of fractionation from liquid waste thermolysis products, gasoline and diesel fuel fractions can be obtained. It is proposed to use a composite mixture of liquid and solid waste thermolysis products as raw materials for high-grade technical carbon. Studies have shown that high-grade technical carbon can be obtained as raw materials using a composite mixture of rubber waste thermolysis products as raw materials. The technological line of obtaining technical carbon from the products of thermolysis of worn tires is described. Analysis of the ash produced by the process of burning the composite mixture shows that it contains compounds of iron, zinc and silicon. Therefore, this ash is of interest as a high-quality raw material for the production of zinc oxide, as one of the main ingredients of rubber mixtures.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KETERSEDIAAN BAHAN BAKU DAN NILAI TAMBAH PRODUK MANISAN PADA AGROINDUSTRI REZEKI MORO DI DESA PESUCEN KECAMATAN KALIPURO KABUPATEN BANYUWANGI

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 180
Author(s):  
Inkatama Kharismawanti ◽  
Djoko Soejono
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Stock Level ◽  
A Value

<p><em>Candied fruit is one of the processed foods which favored by many people. One of the sweets agro-industry that exists in Pesucen, Kalipuro, Banyuwangi is Rezeki Moro agro-industry. This study aimed to find out: 1) the stock level of raw materials of candid fruit in Rezeki Moro agro-industry, 2) the optimal time to reorder raw materials, and 3) the amount of added value of fruit after being processed into candied fruit. The data analysis used was the analysis of raw materials availability using EOQ and ROP methods and value-added. The result of the study showed that  the need for raw material such as nutmeg was 30 kilograms, while the number of economical orders with the EOQ method was 73 kilograms. The need for tamarind was 25 kilograms, while the number of economical orders with the EOQ method was 32 kilograms, also the need for ceremai (Phyllantus acidus) was 50 kilograms while the number of economical orders with the EOQ method was 60 kilograms. The level of reordering of raw materials from all sweets product in Rezeki Moro agro-industry was efficient since the ROP point was smaller than the EOQ point. The processing of candied nutmeg provided an added value of Rp. 9,848.00 (39.39%). The added value of processing candied tamarind is Rp. 17,468.00 (46%). Furthermore, the processing of candied ceremai has added value Rp. 12,548.00 with a value-added ratio of 43.5%.</em></p><p> </p><p>Manisan buah adalah salah satu bentuk makanan olahan yang banyak disukai oleh masyarakat. Salah satu Agroindustri manisan yang ada di Desa Pesucen Kecamatan Kalipuro Kabupaten Banyuwangi adalah Agroindustri Rezeki Moro. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) tingkat persediaan bahan baku manisan buah pada agroindustri manisan Rezeki Moro, (2) waktu optimal pemesanan kembali bahan baku (3) besarnya nilai tambah buah setelah dijadikan manisan buah. Analisis data menggunakan analisis ketersediaan bahan baku dengan metode EOQ dan ROP serta nilai tambah. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebutuhan bahan baku pala adalah sebesar 30 kilogram sedangkan jumlah pemesanan ekonomis dengan metode EOQ adalah sebesar 73 kilogram. Kebutuhan bahan baku asem adalah sebesar 25 kilogram sedangkan jumlah pemesanan ekonomis dengan metode EOQ adalah sebesar 32 kilogram, begitu juga dengan Kebutuhan bahan baku ceremai adalah sebesar 50 kilogram sedangkan jumlah pemesanan ekonomis dengan metode EOQ adalah sebesar  60 kilogram. Tingkat pemesanan kembali bahan baku dari semua produk manisan pada Agroindustri Manisan Buah Rezeki Moro adalah efisien, dikarenakan nilai ROP lebih kecil daripada nilai EOQ. Pengolahan manisan pala memberikan nilai tambah sebesar Rp. 98,48,00 (39,39%). Nilai tambah pengolahan manisan asem sebesar Rp. 17.468,00 (46%). Selain itu, pengolahan manisan ceremai memiliki nilai tambah sebesar Rp. 12.548,00 (43,5%).</p>

ANAEROBIC TREATMENT OF DISTILLERY SLOPS IN THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF CENTRAL EUROPE

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-160
Author(s):  
Pavel Jenícek ◽  
Jana Zábranská ◽  
Michal Dohányos
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Suitable Material ◽  
Large Production ◽  
Volumetric Loading

Anaerobic treatment of many kinds of slops is one of the most progressive ways for the reuse of this material. The special feature of Central Europe is that the largest proportion of ethanol is produced by fermentation, and the raw material in big distilleries is only sugar beet molasses. The consequence of this is a large production of slops in small regions, and as far as the quality of slops is concerned, a relatively high content of inert and nonbiodegradable organic compounds in comparison with other more valuable raw materials, such as grapes, fruits, cereals, potatoes, etc. A two-year operation of the pilot scale UASB reactor bas shown that molasses slops are a suitable material for anaerobic treatment The slops were diluted by other wastewaters from the distillery to a concentration of about 25 g.l‒1 COD and then treated in the pilot reactor at 32°C with the following average results: COD removal efficiency 78.8 %; volumetric loading rate 7.1 kg.m-3.d‒1; volumetric gas production 2.6 m3.m‒3.d‒1; specific gas production 0.47 m3.kg‒1. The results achieved confi11II that molasses slops are a source of energy. For example, Czech distilleries could potentially produce 12-17 million m3 of the valuable gas fuel per annum.

scholarly journals The role of perennial grasses in creating a sustainable feed base by conveyor use

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. N. Pavlyuchik ◽  
A. D. Kapsamun, ◽  
N. N. Ivanova ◽  
V. A. Tyulin ◽  
O. S. Silina
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Fodder Production ◽  
Wide Range

Currently, the most urgent task in improving the industry of feed production is the creation of green and raw materials conveyors, which will allow an uninterrupted supply of vegetable raw materials from early spring to late autumn for feeding farm animals and preparing high-quality feed. The research has shown that the most optimal time for mowing alfalfaclover-cereals mixtures with high fodder values is the budding phase - the start of flowering of legume grasses in the conveyor system with 10.6-15.2% of raw protein content in the crop. It was noted that the cultivation of meadow clover varieties of various ripening time mixed with a wide range of alfalfa and cereal grasses lead to the decrease in the effect of unfavorable weather conditions and to 15-20% increase in grass mixtures productivity. The article presents recommendations for the extension of the productive longevity of grass stands up to five years using mixtures with different ripening varieties of meadow clover and alfalfa with grass components of a new generation with productivity up to 32.8 t / ha of green mass.  According to the field test of 2013-2017, the article provides data on the green mass productivity of alfalfa-clover-cereals grass stands with the addition of early ripening varieties of grasses, which for two mowings averaged 29.4 t / ha in 2013-2014 and 30.1 t / ha in 2015-2017.  The methods of creating and using grass mixtures have been indicated, the best time for mowing has been defined by conveyor use of them in the Upper Volga region. The scheme of the green and raw materials conveyor with the use of differently ripening grass mixtures, consisting of new species and varieties of forage grasses of different periods of ripening, is given. It has been established that the use of legume-grass mixtures allows to obtain high-quality raw material for the production of bulk feed within 110-120 days, which acts as the way to increase the efficiency of fodder production. An expanded range of fodder grasses creates the conditions for improving the sustainability of fodder production in less dependence on extreme weather conditions. 

scholarly journals Penerapan Metode EPQ(Economic Production Quantity) Pada Pengendalian Bahan Baku Laundry Di Samarinda Laundry Mart Barbasis Android

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-72
Author(s):  
Hanifah Ekawati ◽  
Pitrasacha Adytia ◽  
Yunita Yunita
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Optimal Production ◽  
Inventory Costs ◽  
Economic Production Quantity ◽  
Economic Production ◽  
Production Quantity ◽  
Total Inventory ◽  
Production Frequency

Samarinda Laundry Mart is a business that provides laundry services, besides that it is also a supplier of laundry raw materials in Samarinda. Control of laundry raw materials in the laundry business is a complicated problem. Therefore one method that can be used for raw material control is the EPQ method (Economic Production Quantity) where the EPQ method can determine the optimal production level, optimal production frequency, optimal time cycle to minimize total inventory costs. The results of this study are made inventory control applications using the EPQ method that can make calculations automatically. Only by entering monthly data that is already available. Users can also make transactions using the application so that all data has been integrated in the database to facilitate management in the laundry business. In addition, this application can also print transaction reports and turnover reports.

scholarly journals Development of Solar Powered Biodiesel Reactor for Kuwait Sheep Tallow

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1623
Author(s):  
Fnyees Alajmi ◽  
Amer Alajmi ◽  
Ahmed Alrashidi ◽  
Naser Alrashidi ◽  
Nor Mariah Adam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Promising Result ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Animal Fats ◽  
Solar Powered ◽  
Set Up

Biodiesel is one of the more recent green fuel products in the world. It can be produced from several raw materials such as straight vegetable oils, animal fats, tallow, and waste cooking oils, and blended with diesel. Properties of biodiesel are different compared to fossil diesel in terms of production methods and emission levels released after combustion in an internal combustion engine. Kuwait consumes a huge amount of energy which is almost 8% to meet the increasing demand for electricity and water. Moreover, the use of electricity in the production of biodiesel increases energy use and cost of production. Kuwait is receiving an amount of solar irradiation ranging from 2050 kWh/m2 to 2100 kWh/m2. The present study is concerned with the evaluation of the potential to use solar energy to produce biodiesel from sheep fat waste as a raw material. An experimental test rig was set up for a single cylinder diesel engine in the laboratory, where a solar power system was used to assist the production process of biodiesel from tallow waste. The biodiesel is then blended with diesel at different volume percentages, such as graded as B20, B50, B75 and B100, respectively. The exhaust gases such as oxygen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitric oxide and nitric dioxide where also analyzed. An optimum decrease in values of nitric oxide levels was observed at the load of 51%, 68%, 85% and 93% during the operation at blend of biodiesel B20, B50, B75 and B100, respectively. Nitric dioxide was decreased at the load of 51%, 68% and 85% during the operation using B20, B50 and B75, respectively. Optimum SFC was achieved at B20, B50 and B75 during high loads of 85% and 93%. It can be concluded that sheep tallow biodiesel shows a promising result in terms of fuel consumption and environmental emissions of greenhouse gases.

scholarly journals Development of technology for obtaining a liquid extract of medicinal sage ( Salvia officinalis L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 03004
Author(s):  
Anastasia Moldavanova ◽  
Anastasia Malyutina ◽  
Larissa Kozubova ◽  
Valentina Kazakova ◽  
Natalia Shestopalova
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Salvia Officinalis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Liquid Extract ◽  
Salvia Officinalis L

Inflammatory diseases of the female genital area are dominant among the total number of gynecological diseases. Among all the variety of medicinal plant materials used in official medicine, salvia medicinal draws attention to itself, which has repeatedly proved its effectiveness in the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the mucous membranes of various origins. That is why the goal was set to develop a technology for obtaining a liquid extract from the leaves of Salvia officinalis L. As a result of the study, a method was developed for obtaining a liquid extract by selecting the optimal extraction conditions. It was found that the optimal raw material-extractant ratio is 1:50, the optimal concentration of the extractant ethyl alcohol is 70%, the infusion time of the extract is 24 hours. To intensify the extraction process, the method of ultrasonic processing of raw materials at the soaking stage was used. The optimal time for processing plant materials with ultrasound was 45 minutes. As a result of using this method to obtain a liquid extract from the leaves of sage officinalis, the yield of phenolic compounds was doubled in comparison with obtaining an extract without sonication of raw materials and amounted to 182.7 mg / g of flavonoids in terms of luteolin-7-glycoside.

scholarly journals Leaching of Ca-Rich Slags Produced from Reductive Smelting of Bauxite Residue with Na2CO3 Solutions for Alumina Extraction: Lab and Pilot Scale Experiments

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 896
Author(s):  
Michail Vafeias ◽  
Amalia Bempelou ◽  
Eirini Georgala ◽  
Panagiotis Davris ◽  
Efthymios Balomenos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Aluminate ◽  
Bauxite Residue ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Fe Content ◽  
Alumina Industry ◽  
Reuse Options ◽  
The One ◽  
Two Stages

Sustainable utilization of Bauxite Residue (BR) is currently one of the greatest challenges being tackled by the alumina industry, due to its high production rates and limited reuse options. The present work is concerned with the use of BR as a candidate metallurgical raw material for iron (Fe) production and aluminum (Al) extraction. In more detail, at first, BR undergoes reductive smelting to extract its Fe content and produce a slag of mainly calcium aluminate composition. In a second step, Al contained in the calcium aluminate phases is extracted hydrometallurgically by leaching with a Na2CO3 aqueous solution. The focus of the current study is the optimization of this leaching process, and it was performed in two stages. The first was a laboratory scale investigation on the main parameters affecting the extraction rate of Al. The second stage was performed in pilot scale and incorporated observations and suggestions based on the laboratory scale investigation. Laboratory work showed that more than 50% of aluminum could be easily extracted in less than 1 h, in 5% S/L, at 70 °C and with an 20% excess of Na2CO3. Pilot scale work, by successfully applying the suggestions derived from laboratory scale work, achieved an average Al extraction of 68% from a 10% S/L pulp, with a slag of optimized composition in relation to the one used in the laboratory scale.

RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF CERAMIC MASSES: IMPROVEMENT BY COMPLEX MATERIAL ACTIVATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-351
Author(s):  
A. S. Mavlyanov ◽  
E. K. Sardarbekova
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sensitivity Coefficient ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Clay Material ◽  
Fibrous Materials ◽  
Chemical Production ◽  
Production Wastes ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
The Masses

Introduction. The objective of the research is to study the effect of the complex activation of the alumina raw material on the rheological properties of the ceramic mass. In addition, the authors investigate solutions for the application of optimal coagulation structures based on loams and ash together with plastic certificates.Materials and methods. The authors used the local forest like reserves of clay loams at the BashKarasu, ash fields of the Bishkek Central Heating Centre (BTEC) and plasticizer (sodium naphthenate obtained from alkaline chemical production wastes) as fibrous materials. Moreover, the authors defined technological properties of raw materials within standard laboratory methodology in accordance with current GOSTs.Results. The researchers tested plastic durability on variously prepared masses for the choice of optimal structures. The paper demonstrated the plastic durability of complexly activated compounds comparing with non-activated and mechanically activated compounds. The sensitivity coefficient increased the amount of clay loams by mechanically and complexly activated, which predetermined the possibility of intensifying the process of drying samples based on complexly activated masses.Discussion and conclusions. However, mechanical activation of clay material reduces the period of relaxation and increases the elasticity coefficient of ceramic masses by 1.8–3.4 times, meanwhile decreases elasticity, viscosity and the conventional power during molding, which generally worsens the molding properties of the masses. Сomplex activation of ash-clay material decreases the period of relaxation and provides an increase in elasticity, plasticity of ceramic masses by 46–47%, reduction in viscosity by 1.5–2 times, conventional power on molding by 37–122% in comparison with MA clay loams. Ceramic masses based on spacecraft alumina raw materials belong to the SMT with improved rheological properties; products based on them pass through the mouthpiece for 5–7 seconds.

ANALYSIS FOR POTENCY AND PRODUCTION OF GRANULE ORGANIC FERTILIZER BASED ON MANURE

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Firman L. Sahwan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Material ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Natural Organic Material ◽  
Very High

Organic materials that are generally used as raw material for organic fertilizer granules (POG) is a natural organic material that has been degrade, smooth and dry. One of the main raw materials are always used with a very high percentage of usage, is manure. Manure potential in Indonesia is very high, amounting to 113.6 million tons per year, or 64.7 million tons per year to the island of Java. From this amount, it will be generated numbers POG production potential of 17.5 million tons per year (total Indonesia) or 9.9 million tons per year for the island of Java. While the realistic POG production predictions figures made from raw manure is 2.5 million tons annually, a figure that has been unable to meet the number requirement of POG greater than 4 million tons per year. Therefore, in producing POG, it should be to maximize the using of the potential of other organic materials so that the use of manure can be saved. With the use of a small amount of manure (maximum 30% for cow manure), it would be useful also to avoid the production of POG with high Fe content.keywods: organic material, manure, granule organic fertilizer

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