scholarly journals INTERFERÊNCIA DA NUTRIÇÃO NA RESISTÊNCIA MECÂNICA DO CÓLON E COMPARAÇÃO ENTRE DUAS TÉCNICAS DE SUTURA PARA A SÍNTESE DE COLOTOMIA EM RATOS

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. DIAMANTINO ◽  
S. C. RAHAL ◽  
T. P. GRILLO

Trinta ratos, linhagem Wistar, fêmeas, com peso inicial médio de 150 gramas, foram divididos em seis grupos de cinco animais, sendo o grupo I - dieta controle (ração comercial), grupo II - dieta controle + colotomia e síntese com sutura contínua simples; grupo III - dieta controle + colotomia e síntese com sutura tipo Cushing, grupo IV - dieta não balanceada, grupo V - dieta não balanceada + colotomia e síntese com sutura contínua simples, grupo VI - dieta não balanceada + colotomia e síntese com sutura tipo Cushing. A colotomia foi executada no cólon descendente e no quinto dia do pós-operatório os animais foram sacrificados para estudo da tensão de ruptura, pelo método de explosão, nos cólons transverso e descendente. A média do ganho de peso com a dieta não balanceada foi aproximadamente a metade da controle. Não houve diferença estatística entre os tipos de sutura, nem entre o estado nutricional e técnicas de sutura. Em geral, os valores da tensão de ruptura no cólon transverso intacto e no cólon descendente dos animais operados (dieta controle e não balanceada), foram inferiores ao dos não operados com dieta controle. O epíplon dos ratos dos grupos V e VI apresentou-se menos volumoso e adelgaçado, o que promoveu aderências graves de outros órgãos sobre a região da colotomia. Essas adesões podem ter interferido na avaliação da tensão de ruptura do cólon descendente. Foi possível concluir que o método de força de explosão não permitiu estabelecer diferenças entre os padrões de sutura utilizados e o grau de nutrição. Nutrition interference on mechanic resistance of colon and comparison of two suture techniques for colotomy closure in rats Abstract Thirty female Wistar rats with initial average weight of 150 g, were divided in six experimental groups as follows: group 1 - control diet (commercial rat food); group II - control diet and colostomy with simple continuous suture; group III - control diet and colostomy with Cushing’s pattern suture; group IV - unbalanced diet; group V - unbalanced diet and colostomy with simple continuous suture; group VI - unbalanced diet and colostomy with Cushing’s pattern suture. Colostomy was carried out in descending colon. At the fifth day after surgery, the animals underwent euthanasia in order to measure the bursting strength of the transverse and descending colon. The gain of weight in the unbalanced diet was almost half of the control diet. here were no statistic differences between the sutures patterns, neither in regard to the nutritional conditions and suture techniques. Generally, the bursting strength values measured in both colons of the animals under either control and unbalanced diets, that underwent surgery, were lower than the ones found for rats under control diet that did not underwent surgery. The omentum of the rats from groups V and VI was less voluminous and thin causing serious adhesions to other organs at the colostomy area. These adherences might have interfered in the evaluation of the bursting strength in the descending colon. According to the results found, it was possible to conclude that evaluation of the bursting strength did not allow to establish differences between the suture patterns and the nutritional conditions of the experimental animals.

BMC Surgery ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-wei Pan ◽  
Xiang Zhang ◽  
Xing-wei Jin ◽  
Xiao Liu ◽  
Wei-chao Tu ◽  
...  

Abstract Background It is proposed a new running suture technique called Needle Adjustment Free (NAF) technique, or PAN suture. The efficiency and the safety were evaluated in laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. Methods This new running suture technique avoids the Needle Adjustment method used in traditional techniques. The new continuous suture technique (11 patients) was compared with the traditional continuous suture method (33 patients) used in both transperitoneal and retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) in terms of suture time (ST), warm ischemia time (WIT), blood loss (BL), open conversion rate and post-op discharge time, post-op bleeding, post-op DVT, ΔGFR (affected side, 3 months post-op). Differences were considered significant when P < 0.05. Results ST in the PAN suture group was 30.37 ± 16.39 min, which was significant shorter (P = 0.0011) than in the traditional technique group which was 13.68 ± 3.33 min. WIT in the traditional technique group was 28.73 ± 7.89 min, while in the PAN suture group was 20.64 ± 5.04 min, P = 0.0028. The BL in entirety in the traditional technique group was 141.56 ± 155.23 mL, and in the PAN suture group was 43.18 ± 31.17 mL (P = 0.0017). BL in patients without massive bleeding in the traditional technique group was significantly greater than in the PAN suture group at 101.03 ± 68.73 mL versus 43.18 ± 31.17 mL (P = 0.0008). The open conversion rate was 0 % in both groups. There was no significant difference between the two groups in postoperative discharge time, post-op bleeding, post-op DVT, ΔGFR (affected side, 3 months post-op). Conclusions The NAF running suture technique, or PAN suture, leading to less ST, WIT and BL, which was shown to be more effective and safer than the traditional technique used for LPN. A further expanded research with larger sample size is needed.


2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6373
Author(s):  
Ahmad Jalloh ◽  
Antwoine Flowers ◽  
Charles Hudson ◽  
Dale Chaput ◽  
Jennifer Guergues ◽  
...  

Microglial activity in the aging neuroimmune system is a central player in aging-related dysfunction. Aging alters microglial function via shifts in protein signaling cascades. These shifts can propagate neurodegenerative pathology. Therapeutics require a multifaceted approach to understand and address the stochastic nature of this process. Polyphenols offer one such means of rectifying age-related decline. Our group used mass spectrometry (MS) analysis to explicate the complex nature of these aging microglial pathways. In our first experiment, we compared primary microglia isolated from young and aged rats and identified 197 significantly differentially expressed proteins between these groups. Then, we performed bioinformatic analysis to explore differences in canonical signaling cascades related to microglial homeostasis and function with age. In a second experiment, we investigated changes to these pathways in aged animals after 30-day dietary supplementation with NT-020, which is a blend of polyphenols. We identified 144 differentially expressed proteins between the NT-020 group and the control diet group via MS analysis. Bioinformatic analysis predicted an NT-020 driven reversal in the upregulation of age-related canonical pathways that control inflammation, cellular metabolism, and proteostasis. Our results highlight salient aspects of microglial aging at the level of protein interactions and demonstrate a potential role of polyphenols as therapeutics for age-associated dysfunction.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Kitabatake ◽  
Yoko Matsumura ◽  
Noriko Ouji-Sageshima ◽  
Tatsuki Nishioka ◽  
Atsushi Hara ◽  
...  

AbstractUlcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) induced by dysregulation of the immune response in the intestinal mucosa. Although the underlying mechanisms of UC development are not fully understood, disruption of gut microbiota, “dysbiosis”, is thought to lead to the development of IBD. Persimmon (Ebenaceae Diospyros kaki Thunb.)-derived tannin, which is a condensed polymeric tannin consisting of catechin groups, has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. In this study, we assessed the effect of persimmon-derived tannin on a murine model of UC established by dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in female mice. Dietary supplementation of tannin significantly decreased disease activity and colon inflammation. A hydrolysate of tannin directly suppressed expression of inflammatory genes in macrophages in vitro. In faecal microbiota, the relative abundance of Bacteroides was increased significantly by tannin supplementation. Alpha-diversity indices in colitis-induced mice were significantly higher in the tannin diet group compared with the control diet group. Additionally, expansion of Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcus, which is associated with disease progression of IBD, was remarkably suppressed in the tannin diet group. These results suggest that persimmon-derived tannin ameliorates colon inflammation in UC through alteration of the microbiota composition and immune response, which may be a promising candidate for IBD therapy.


Author(s):  
D. O. Okunlola ◽  
M. D. Shittu ◽  
O. O. Olatunji ◽  
A. J. Amuda ◽  
B. O. Olateju ◽  
...  

The blood profile and histology of selected tissues (kidney, lungs, intestine, and epididymis) of Balami Sheep fed Shea Cake meal supplement was investigated. A total of thirty-two (32) sheep of the average weight range of 11.75-14.75kg comprising an equal number (16) of males and females were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments in a completely randomized experimental design with eight sheep per treatment for twelve weeks duration. Treatment 1 (T1) was a control diet and had zero inclusion level of Shea cake meal (SCM), while treatments 2,3, and 4 had 10%,15%, and 20%  inclusion of SCM, respectively. At the twelfth week of the experiment, two blood samples of 5ml each were taken from each animal from the jugular vein. The first set was preserved in Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic Acid (EDTA) bottle for haematological parameters, while the second samples were preserved without EDTA for serum examination. Representative samples of tissues were randomly selected and slaughtered for gross microscopic examination. There was a significant difference (P<0.05) at various levels of inclusion for parameters investigated. The white blood cell (WBC), Red blood cell (RBC), and Packed cell volume (PCV) recorded the highest values at T3 (15% inclusion level) (13.42 x109/L), 2.92x1012/L, 3.75%, respectively). The serum parameters were significantly(p <0.05)different among the treatments. Total protein ranges from 54.78(mg/dl) (T1) - 60.51(mg/dl) (T2), Cholesterol70.15(mg/dl) (T1) - 78.00(mg/dl) (T4). Iron ranges from 58.15(ug/dl) (T1) - 62.88(ug/dl) (T3).The histopathology of tissues (kidney, lungs, intestine, and epididymis) showed no alteration across the treatments (P= .05) in the gross microscopic examinations. No lesion was observed in the lungs, kidney, epididymis, and intestine. The results showed that shea cake meal posed no health risk to Balami sheep and as such recommended as a good supplement in the diets of the sheep.


Parasitology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 143 (12) ◽  
pp. 1647-1655 ◽  
Author(s):  
GLÊNIA DAROS SARNÁGLIA ◽  
LUCIANA POLACO COVRE ◽  
FAUSTO EDMUNDO LIMA PEREIRA ◽  
HERBERT LEONEL DE MATOS GUEDES ◽  
ANA MARIA CAETANO FARIA ◽  
...  

SUMMARYObesity is the main causal factor for metabolic syndrome and chronic systemic inflammation, which impacts on immune function and increases susceptibility to pathogens. Here, we investigated the effect of obesity on the outcome of visceral leishmaniasis caused by Leishmaniasis infantum chagasi. C57BL/6 mice fed with high-sugar and butter diet (HSB) showed a significant increase in body weight, adiposity index and morphological changes in adipocyte. To investigate the consequences of obesity on the specific immunity against Leishmania, both control and HSB diet groups were infected with 107L. infantum chagasi promastigotes in the eighth-week after diet started and euthanized 4 weeks later. HSB-diet fed mice exhibited a significantly higher parasite burden in both liver and spleen compared with control- diet group. Gonadal adipocyte tissue from HSB-diet mice showed increased TNF-α, IL-6 and leptin and diminished IL-10 production compared with control. Cytokines production analysis in the spleen and liver from these animals also demonstrated higher production of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6 and nitric oxide and diminished production of IL-10 and TGF-β, which correlate with inflammatory foci and the cell hyperplasia observed. Taken together, obesity can interfere with responses to pathogen-derived signals and impair the development of protective anti-Leishmania immunity.


2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 674-685
Author(s):  
Uriel Rodríguez-Estrada ◽  
Otilio Méndez-Marín ◽  
Alfredo Pérez-Morales ◽  
Rafael Martínez-García ◽  
Emyr Peña-Marín ◽  
...  

This research study is focused on the lipid requirements of Petenia splendida (0.65 ± 0.19 g) juveniles. Fish were fed with trout commercial diet (Silver Cup™ - 45% protein and 16% lipids), as control diet - CD (which is usually used to feed this species at commercial scale), and four isoproteic (45% crude protein) diet formulated with different lipid levels (5, 10, 15 and 20%). Diets were administered for 60 days by triplicate per treatment. Our results showed that fish fed with 10, 15 and 20% lipid levels were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in average weight and total length. Same treatments were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in terms of FCR compared to those shown in 5% and CD. However, fish fed 20% lipid level, showed a significant decrease in WG and a significant (P < 0.05) increase in FCR compared to those shown in 15% lipid level. Fish fed with 15% showed the highest weight gain and the lowest FCR compared with the rest of the treatments. Lipid efficiency ratio (LER) showed significant (P < 0.05) differences among experimental groups. Compared to other diets containing lipid levels (5, 10, and 20%) fish fed 15% diet recorded the lowest protein and lipid content in whole body. Additionally, based on second order polynomial regression analysis of WG, it was demonstrated that 16.2% lipid provides an optimal growth for P. splendida.


2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-106
Author(s):  
I. C. Chibuogwu

The effect of two classes of exogenous enzymes on the egg fertility traits, egg production efficiency and oviduct micro-structure of laying hens was evaluated. Forty-five laying hens (30-weeks old, 1.32-1.40 kg) were randomly allotted into three dietary treatments with fifteen birds per treatment (five birds each in three replicates per treatment) in a completely randomized design. Diet one served as the control diet. Diet two (FS diet) contained a nutrient-targeted exogenous enzyme preparation (Fullzyme®) at 200 g/ton, while diet three (DS diet) contained a mycotoxin-targeted exogenous enzyme preparation (Detoxizyme®) at 500 g/ton. Data on fertility traits (egg volume, length and breadth, weight, yolk diameter, albumen height, air cell, shell thickness, Haugh’s unit, and egg-lay), and egg production (feed intake, egg lay, egg lay efficiency, and feed cost per egg laid) were collected for 42 days. At the end of the experiment, three randomly selected birds per group were euthanized, and their oviducts were harvested and processed for histopathology. Hens fed enzyme supplemented diets had significantly (p < 0.05) better egg fertility traits. Feed intake in the control group did not vary (p > 0.05)from feed intake in the DS or FS group. However, feed cost per egg laid and egg-lay efficiency was higher in the control diet group than in the FS group or DS diet group. No pathologies were observed in the oviduct of birds fed enzymes supplemented or control diet. Exogenous enzymes in diet improved egg fertility traits and production without altering the oviduct micro-structure of Layer hens.


2014 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. JCM.S18125
Author(s):  
Kiyoaki Tsukahara ◽  
Ray Motohashi ◽  
Hiroki Sato ◽  
Minoru Endo ◽  
Yuri Ueda ◽  
...  

Objectives The purpose of this prospective, randomized study was to evaluate the effects of a diet containing eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), and antioxidants in head and neck cancer surgery patients with free-flap reconstruction. METHODS In this randomized, prospective study, 62 patients with head and neck cancers were assigned to receive a general control diet (Ensure® H; Abbott Japan, Tokyo, Japan) or the study diet (Oxepa®; Abbott Japan) containing EPA, DHA, GLA, and antioxidants (eg vitamins A, E, and C). The primary assessment item was the degree of postoperative inflammation, as assessed by measuring maximum body temperature and levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin from the day of surgery to postoperative day 8. Secondary assessment items were lengths of stays in the intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital. Results The control diet group ( n = 32) and study diet group ( n = 30) showed no significant difference in energy administered through diet. No significant differences in the parameters of the primary assessment item were noted. Length of stay in the ICU was significantly shorter for the control diet group than for the study diet group ( P = 0.011). No significant difference in duration of hospitalization was seen between groups. CONCLUSION No usefulness of a diet containing EPA, DHA, GLA, and antioxidants was demonstrated.


2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 937-943 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Di Giacomo ◽  
Rosaria Acquaviva ◽  
Andrea Piva ◽  
Valeria Sorrenti ◽  
Luca Vanella ◽  
...  

The aim of the present study was to verify whether the oral administration of cyanidin 3-O-β-d-glucoside (C3G) might counteract damage induced by chronic exposure (28 d) to ochratoxin A (OTA) in rats and if its effect may be mediated by haeme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Forty male Sprague–Dawley rats, individually caged, were divided into four groups of ten animals. A control group received a commercial diet, group C3G received the control diet supplemented with C3G (1 g/kg feed), group OTA received the control diet supplemented with 200 parts per billion of OTA, and group OTA+C3G received the OTA group diet supplemented with C3G (1 g/kg feed). After 4 weeks of treatment animals were killed and the liver, kidneys and brain of each rat were collected and homogenised to evaluate non-proteic thiol groups (RSH), lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH) levels, HO-1 expression and DNA fragmentation. Rats of the OTA group showed a significant (P < 0·001) decrease in RSH content of kidney and liver and a significant (P < 0·001) increase of LOOH in all the examined tissues compared with the control group. In the OTA+C3G group both RSH content and LOOH levels were similar to those observed in the control group, demonstrating that C3G was able to counteract the effects of OTA. A significant (P < 0·001) induction of HO-1 was evident in kidney and liver of both OTA and C3G groups. DNA damage occurred in all the examined tissues of the OTA group, whereas C3G was able to prevent it. The present study confirmed that the effects of OTA are mediated by oxidative stress and demonstrated that C3G efficiently counteracted deleterious effects of OTA because of its antioxidant and HO-1-inducing properties.


2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-165
Author(s):  
A. T. Amos ◽  
A. O. Oso ◽  
O. J. Durojaiye ◽  
K. Agazue ◽  
A. O. Obanla ◽  
...  

In a 56-day feeding trial, an experiment was conducted to determine the effects of replacing maize with different levels of ensiled cassava root-leaf blends (ECRLB) on growth, carcass yield, blood profile and economics of production of weaner rabbits. Five experimental diets were formulated and fed to the animals; diet 1= a maize based diet (control diet), diet 2= 30% maize + 10% ECRLB, diet 3 = 20% maize + 20% ECRLB, diet 4= 10 % maize + 30% ECRLB, diet 5= 40% ECRLB. A total number of forty weaner rabbits with an initial average weight of 574.09g±20.03g were randomly allocated to the five dietary treatments in a completely randomized design (CRD) with eight animals per treatment. Data were collected on growth indices, economics of production, carcass characteristics and blood profile Increased (P<0.05) weight gain was observed as the percentage inclusion of ECRLB increased. Rabbits on diet 4 (10 % maize + 30% ECRLB) and 5 (40% ECRLB) recorded the highest (P<0.05) daily weight gain with a corresponding highest (P<0.5) final body weight. Similar FCR were recorded across the treatments Economics of production of animals on diets containing 30 and 40% ECRLB was the best (P<0.05). Carcass indices were not significantly (P>0.0) affected by the experimental diets. Rabbits fed ECRLB recorded lower (P<0.05) serum cholesterol and higher (P<0.05) serum glucose concentration compared to control. In conclusion dietary inclusion of ECRLB up to 40% improved performance and did not show any deleterious effects on all indices examined and is recommended.     Au cours d'un essai d'alimentation de 56 jours, une expérience a été menée pour déterminer les effets du remplacement du maïs par différents niveaux de mélanges racines-feuilles de manioc ensilées (le 'ECRLB) sur la croissance, le rendement de carcasses, le profil sanguin et l'économie de la production de lapins sevrés. Cinq régimes expérimentaux ont été formulés et nourris aux animaux ; régime 1= régime à base de maïs (régime de contrôle), régime 2= 30% maïs + 10% ECRLB, régime 3 = 20% maïs + 20% ECRLB, régime 4= 10% maïs + 30% ECRLB, régime 5= 40% ECRLB. Un nombre total de quarante lapins sevrés d'un poids moyen initial de 574,09 g±20,03 g ont été attribués au hasard aux cinq traitements diététiques dans une conception complètement randomisée (CRD) avec huit animaux par traitement. Des données ont été recueillies sur les indices de croissance, l'économie de la production, les caractéristiques de la carcasse et le profil sanguin. Le gain de poids accru (P<0,05) a été observé à mesure que l'inclusion en pourcentage de l'ECRLB augmentait. Les lapins de l'alimentation 4 (10 % de maïs + 30 % d'ECRLB) et 5 (40 % d'ECRLB) ont enregistré le gain de poids quotidien le plus élevé (P<0,05) avec un poids corporel final correspondant le plus élevé (P<0,5). Les 'FCR' similaires ont été enregistrés à travers les traitements Économie de la production d'animaux sur les régimes contenant 30 et 40% ECRLB a été le meilleur (P<0,05). Les Indices carcasse n'étaient pas significativement (P>0,0) affectés par les régimes expérimentaux. Les lapins nourris à l'ECRLB ont enregistré un taux de cholestérol sérique inférieur (P<0,05) et une concentration plus élevée de glucose sérique (P<0,05) par rapport au contrôle. En conclusion, l'inclusion alimentaire de l'ECRLB jusqu'à 40 % a amélioré les performances et n'a pas montré d'effets délétères sur tous les indices examinés et est recommandée.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document