scholarly journals FOLIAR COMPOSITION OF Eucalyptus urograndis IN TWO SITES FERTILIZED WITH N, P AND K IN SOUTHERN BRAZIL

FLORESTA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 681
Author(s):  
Marcos Vinícius Martins Bassaco ◽  
Antonio Carlos Vargas Motta ◽  
Silvana Nisgoski ◽  
Carla Fernanda Ferreira ◽  
Milena Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Foliar Diagnosis ◽  
K Deficiency ◽  
Foliar Concentrations ◽  
Foliar Concentration ◽  
Leaf Composition ◽  
K Fertilization ◽  
Eucalyptus Urograndis

The leaf composition has been used as a tool in establishing the nutritional diagnosis and evaluation of the effectiveness of the use of nutrients. This knowledge is still scarce in subtropical conditions of cultivation. In this sense, the study aims to evaluate the effect of N, P and K fertilization on leaf concentration of Eucalyptus urograndis. The experiments were installed in the Oxisols of the sandy-loam texture, in the counties of Jaguariaíva and Ventania, state of Paraná. In the N and P experiments, the following doses: 0; 30; 60; 120 and 240 kg ha-1 of N and P2O5; and 0; 35; 70; 140 and 280 kg ha-1 K2O, split in four applications: during planting and side dressing at 3, 9 and 12 months of age. The response was evaluated according to the nutritional status of the plants at 12, 24 and 36 months, by foliar concentration. It also evaluated levels of K deficiency plant through visual and chemical analysis. The application of N and P did not result in alteration in the leaf contents of the same in all evaluated periods and in the two regions, with a slight decrease in the concentrations with time. A different effect occurred with K at the Jaguariaíva site, which altered its foliar concentration at the 24th and 36th month, and increased foliar concentrations with time. These effects demonstrate that foliar diagnosis, through foliar concentrations, may present limitations of interpretation and should not be evaluated separately for fertilization recommendation.

Natural variation in balsam fir foliar components of dietary importance to spruce budworm

1977 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. G. Shaw ◽  
C. H. A. Little
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Natural Variation ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Total Sugars ◽  
Caloric Value ◽  
Seasonal Trends ◽  
Geographical Variations ◽  
Foliar Concentrations ◽  
Foliar Concentration

Year-to-year, geographical, and local variations in foliar concentrations of crude fat, nitrogen, total sugars, and starch and in foliar caloric value were determined for maturing, current-year needles of balsam fir (Abiesbalsamea L.). All except geographical variations proved to be statistically significant. Seasonal trends of chemical concentrations in maturing needles were in agreement with previous findings.Much of the variation in foliar caloric value could be explained by changes in foliar concentration of crude fat.Year-to-year changes in foliar nutrients may influence spruce budworm population dynamics.

scholarly journals Biomarkers responses in fish (Atherinella brasiliensis) of paranaguá bay, southern Brazil, for assessment of pollutant effects

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ciro Alberto de Oliveira Ribeiro ◽  
Alberto Katsumiti ◽  
Patrícia França ◽  
Jocieli Maschio ◽  
Eliandra Zandoná ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Paranaguá Bay ◽  
Fuel Oils ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Biochemical Genetic ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
The Impact

Paranaguá bay is a complex estuary located in southern Brazil containing three protected areas listed by UNESCO. Historically, the estuary has been affected by urban, industrial, agricultural and harbor activities, and occasional accidents. Specifically, the explosion of the Chilean ship Vicuña in December 2004 spilled methanol and crude and fuel oils which affected both protected and non-protected areas. The present study sought to investigate the pollution threat to aquatic organisms in order to evaluate the potential effects of pollutants. One hundred and twenty adult fish Atherinella brasiliensis were collected from different sites within Paranaguá estuary, including the harbor and open ocean, during summer, autumn and winter of 2005. Among the biomarkers, the somatic index, chemical analysis of bile, biochemical, genetic and morphological parameters were considered. Chemical analysis of bile showed a continuous bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) according to proximity to the harbor site. The histopathological findings have demonstrated aconsiderable incidence of severe pathologies in the liver and gills, corroborated by biochemical disturbances and genetic damage. These findings indicate that more studies are necessary to evaluate both water quality and fish health so as to permit a better analysis of the impact of pollution in Paranaguá estuary.

Diagnostic leaf analysis for stone fruit. 7. Effects of fertilizer nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium on leaf composition of peach

1976 ◽  
Vol 16 (82) ◽  
pp. 775 ◽  
Author(s):  
DR Leece
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Fertilizer Nitrogen ◽  
Leaf Analysis ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Leaf Composition ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

The effects of fertilizer nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on the leaf composition of Halehaven peach trees were measured for two seasons in a factorial experiment conducted in a block of mature, bearing trees on a sandy loam soil. Fertilizer nitrogen increased the leaf concentrations of nitrogen, iron, copper, manganese and zinc, and decreased the concentrations of potassium, calcium, magnesium and boron. Phosphorus concentration was not changed. Effects of fertilizer phosphorus and potassium on leaf composition were very slight and would not have been of practical importance in diagnosis by leaf analysis.

scholarly journals Plant low-K responses are partly due to Ca and the low-K biomarker putrescine does not protect from Ca side effects but acts as a metabolic regulator

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Cui ◽  
Marlene Davanture ◽  
Emmanuelle Lamade ◽  
Michel Zivy ◽  
Guillaume Tcherkez
Keyword(s):  
Primary Metabolism ◽  
Proteomics Analysis ◽  
High K ◽  
N Assimilation ◽  
K Deficiency ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Low K ◽  
K Response ◽  
K Fertilization ◽  
Made In

Effects of K deficiency have been investigated for several decades and recently, progress has been made in identifying metabolomics signatures thereby offering potential to monitor the K status of crops in the field. However, effects of low K conditions could also be due to the antagonism with other nutrients like calcium (Ca) and the well-known biomarker of K deficiency, putrescine, could be a response to Ca/K imbalance rather than K deficiency. We carried out experiments in sunflower grown at either low or high K, at high or low Ca, with or without putrescine added to the nutrient solution. Using metabolomics and proteomics analysis, we show that a significant part of the low-K response such as lower photosynthesis and N assimilation, is due to calcium and can be suppressed by low Ca conditions. Putrescine addition tends to restore photosynthesis and N assimilation but but aggravates the impact of low-K conditions on catabolism. We conclude that (i) effects of K deficiency can be partly alleviated by the use of low Ca and not only by K fertilization, and (ii) in addition to its role as a metabolite, putrescine participates in the regulation of the content in enzymes involved in carbon primary metabolism.

scholarly journals Potassium and Phosphorus Deficiency Symptoms of Ixora

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 314-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy K. Broschat
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Deficiency Symptoms ◽  
Foliage Plants ◽  
Landscape Plants ◽  
K Deficiency ◽  
Foliar Concentrations ◽  
Olive Green

Ixoras (Ixora L.) growing in calcareous sandy soils are highly susceptible to a reddish leaf spot disorder. Symptoms appear on the oldest leaves of a shoot and consist of irregular diffuse brownish-red blotches on slightly chlorotic leaves. Symptoms of K deficiency, P deficiency, and both K and P deficiency were induced in container-grown Ixora `Nora Grant' by withholding the appropriate element from the fertilization regime. Potassium-deficient ixoras showed sharply delimited necrotic spotting on the oldest leaves, were stunted in overall size, and retained fewer leaves per shoot than control plants. Phosphorus-deficient plants showed no spotting, but had uniformly brownish-red older leaves and olive-green younger foliage. Plants deficient in both elements displayed symptoms similar to those observed on landscape plants. Symptomatic experimental and landscape ixoras all had low foliar concentrations of both K and P.

scholarly journals Development and Correction of K-deficiency in Drip-irrigated Apple

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 258-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerry Neilsen ◽  
Peter Parchomchuk ◽  
Michael Meheriuk ◽  
Denise Neilsen
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
The Third ◽  
Red Color ◽  
K Deficiency ◽  
K Concentration ◽  
K Fertilization ◽  
Extractable Soil

Various schedules of 40 g N and 17.5 g P/tree per year were applied with irrigation water (fertigation) to `Summerland McIntosh' apple (Malus ×domestica Borkh.) trees on M.9 rootstock commencing the year of planting. Leaf K concentrations averaged 0.82% dry mass, indicating deficiency, by the third growing season. This coincided with extractable soil K concentrations of 50-60 μg·g-1 soil in a narrow volume of the coarse-textured soil located within 0.3 m of the emitters. The decline in leaf K concentration was reversed and fruit K concentration increased by additions of K at 15-30 g/tree applied either as granular KCl directly beneath the emitters in spring or as KCl applied as a fertigant in the irrigation water. K-fertilization increased fruit red color, size, and titratable acidity only when leaf K concentration was <1%. Fruit Ca concentration and incidence of bitter pit or coreflush were unaffected by K application. NPK-fertigation commencing upon tree establishment is recommended for high-density apple orchards planted on similar coarse-textured soils.

Foliar mineral content of Nothofagus species on ultramafic soils in New Caledonia and non-ultramafic soils in Papua New Guinea

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Read ◽  
John M. Ferris ◽  
Tanguy Jaffré
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Ultramafic Soils ◽  
Data Set ◽  
High Nutrient ◽  
Foliar Concentrations ◽  
Mineral Concentrations ◽  
Foliar Concentration

Nothofagus species dominate the upper canopy of some New Caledonian rainforests on ultramafic soils. The characteristics of Nothofagus that facilitate its dominance of these forests are uncertain, but may include a superior capacity to resist the severe soil conditions. In this study, we compared foliar concentrations of macronutrients and heavy metals of Nothofagus species from ultramafic soils in New Caledonia with those from non-ultramafic soils in New Guinea. The concentrations of N and P were significantly lower (4–5-fold difference) and Fe, Cr and Ni significantly higher (140–600-fold difference) in the New Caledonian soils than in the New Guinean soils. The magnitude of difference between the two regions in mean foliar mineral concentrations was considerably less. Analysis of the full leaf data set indicated significant differences between the five New Caledonian and five New Guinea species only in P (c. 2.5-fold higher in New Guinean species) and Cr (c. 6-fold higher in New Caledonian species). The absence of significant differences between regions for most foliar elements is associated with leaf : soil ratios (foliar concentration : soil concentration) that show negative correlations with soil mineral-element concentrations. The highest leaf : soil ratios were recorded in New Caledonian species in K and Ca : Mg. The lowest ratios were recorded in the New Caledonian species in Cr, Ni and Fe. There is no evidence of accumulation of heavy metals in the New Caledonian species, with foliar concentrations similar to those of other New Caledonian species growing on non-ultramafic soils. Instead, the limited evidence suggests they are 'excluders'. In general, the New Caledonian Nothofagus species appear to have relatively low foliar concentrations of macronutrients compared with other New Caledonian rainforest species, suggesting that canopy dominance may be in part due to high nutrient efficiency in terms of growth rate per unit nutrient uptake.

Effect of soil types and rootstocks on root distribution, chemical composition of leaves and yield of valencia oranges

Soil Research ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 335 ◽  
Author(s):  
EH Mikhail ◽  
BM El-Zeftawi
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Valencia Orange ◽  
Orange Trees ◽  
Leaf Composition ◽  
Manganese Magnesium

Effects of three soil types and three rootstocks on the performance of Valencia orange trees as measured by root distribution, leaf composition and yield were studied. The majority of roots were concentrated in the top 60 cm of soil. Trees on Murray sand had twice as many roots as on Barmera sand 'shallow phase', or as on Moorook sandy loam below 90 cm. Chlorophyll and iron levels were lowest in new 3-month-old leaves and increased with age. Levels of zinc, manganese, magnesium, calcium and chloride showed similar trends. Trees on Moorook sandy loam were not chlorotic in spite of the low chlorophyll in their leaves and the lowest production.

Soil and foliar chemistry associated with potassium deficiency in Pinus radiata

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 1093-1105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Smethurst ◽  
Andrew Knowles ◽  
Keith Churchill ◽  
Ann Wilkinson ◽  
Arthur Lyons
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Foliar Chemistry ◽  
K Deficiency ◽  
K Fertilization

We required an improved understanding of K deficiency and diagnosis in Pinus radiata D. Don (radiata pine). A rapid growth response to K fertilization (100 kg·ha–1) in the presence of weed control confirmed K deficiency in a 2-year-old stand. Tree growth did not respond to N fertilization, and weed control alone appeared insufficient to maximize tree growth. Temporal patterns in visual symptoms of K deficiency suggested they were worst at the end of a drought, and improved after several months of above-average rainfall that coincided with an increase in soil temperature. Soil chemistry generally responded predictably to fertilization, but K fertilization increased soil solution Ca and Mg concentrations without changing exchangeable concentrations. With weed control, a doubling of stem growth response to K fertilizer was associated with a 270% increase in soil solution K (natural variation amongst control plots), 51% increase in exchangeable K, and 39% increase in foliar K. Relationships between seedling growth and hydroponic concentrations of K were consistent with the incidence of K deficiency in the field; predicting these deficiencies using soil exchangeable concentrations was less clear. This study advances the interpretation of soil and foliar chemistry in relation to K and Mg deficiency in P. radiata.

EFFECTS OF AMMONIUM AND NITRATE NUTRITION ON THE OSTRICH FERN (Matteuccia struthiopteris)

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. PRANGE ◽  
D. P. ORMROD
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Total N ◽  
Plant Water Use ◽  
Rooting Medium ◽  
Foliar Concentrations ◽  
Controlled Environments ◽  
Foliar Concentration

Plants were grown in controlled environments at 24/18 °C or 18/12 °C light/dark temperatures with 8, 16 or 32 meq/L nitrate or ammonium concentrations in a complete nutrient solution applied twice weekly to perlite rooting medium. Frond length was not affected by any of the treatments. Ammonium nutrition, compared with nitrate, reduced frond fresh and dry weights, water use, frond water potential, frond diffusive conductance and foliar concentrations of Ca and carbohydrates. Ammonium N increased the foliar concentration of inorganic NH4+, organic N, total N, P, K, and Mn. Increasing N concentration in the nutrient solution had no significant effect on dry weight, but increased foliar concentrations of N (inorganic and organic) and decreased fresh weight, fronds per plant, water use, frond diffusive conductance and foliar concentrations of Mn. The higher temperature decreased frond dry weight and foliar carbohydrate concentrations but increased frond number in the first emergence and foliar concentrations of several nutrients.

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