scholarly journals SEMENTES DE FEIJÃO-CAUPI (Vigna unguiculata L. (Walp), TRATADAS COM EXTRATO DE FOLHAS DE NIM (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) AVALIAÇÃO DA GERMINAÇÃO E DA INCIDÊNCIA DE FUNGOS

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vânia Campos SILVA ◽  
Delineide Pereira GOMES ◽  
Ceália Cristine SANTOS
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Considerable Increase ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Neem Leaves ◽  
Test Filter ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Aspergillus Sp ◽  
And Control

Este estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar o efeito do extrato aquoso de folhas de nim sobre a germinação e incidência de fungos em sementes de três cultivares (Serrinha, BR-17 e Maranhão) de feijão-caupi. Folhas de nim foram secas, trituradas e preparadas diluições de 0,5; 1,0; 2,0 e 4,0 g dm-3 e testemunha. Avaliou-se a incidência de fungos, pelo teste de papel de filtro e a germinação de acordo com as Regras para Análise de Sementes. Nas três cultivares analisadas, observouse redução na incidência de Aspergillus sp e Fusarium sp. Em relação à influência dos extratos das folhas de nim sobre a germinação das sementes, observou efeito significativo do extrato na cultivar Maranhão, onde todas as concentrações diferiram da testemunha e proporcionaram aumento considerável na porcentagem de plântulas normais. Conclui- se que o extrato de folhas de nim foi efetivo no controle de Aspergillus sp, Fusarium sp, Phoma sp e Macrophomina phaseolina em diferentes concentrações nos diferentes cultivares e a germinação das sementes foi estimulada para a cultivar Maranhão Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of neem on germination and fungi incidence on seeds of three cultivars (Serrinha, BR 17 and Maranhão) of cowpea. Neem leaves were dryed, crushed and prepared dilutions of 0.5; 1.0; 2.0, 4.0 g dm-3 and control. The fungi incidence was evaluated by the test filter paper and germination according to the Rules for Seeds Testing (Regras para Análise de Sementes). In the three cultivars analyzed, reduction in the incidence of Aspergillus sp and Fusarium sp was observed. In relation to the influence of extracts of neem leaves on seed germination, significant effect of extract in Maranhão cultivar was observed, where all concentrations differed from the control, and propovided a considerable increase in the percentage of normal seedlings. It was concluded that the leaf extract of neem was effective in controlling Aspergillus sp, Fusarium sp , Phoma sp and Macrophomina phaseolina at different concentrations in different cultivars and seed germination was stimulated for the Maranhão cultivar. 

scholarly journals Presence and importance of saprophyte fungal organisms on dog skin

2007 ◽  
pp. 261-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Stojanov ◽  
Sandra Jaksic ◽  
Jasna Prodanov
Keyword(s):  
Considerable Increase ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Systemic Mycosis ◽  
Skin Changes ◽  
Contaminated Food ◽  
Fungal Organisms ◽  
Alternaria Sp ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Aspergillus Sp ◽  
One Year

Dogs are animals that are most often kept as pets in the cities. Their health problem may be the cause of infections of humans and animals. Skin changes and etiology factors present important segment of the diseases that disturb health of the pets. The objective of this work was mycology examination of scarifications and skin swabs from dogs with clinical symptoms. The aim was to find out which fungi species can be isolated from the changed parts of the skin, and whether is possible that, besides dermatophyte, saprophyte fungi from the environment may also be the cause of the changes, and to reveal their effect on the host. During a one year period, 67 swabs and scarifications from dogs were examined to detect the presence of fungi. The samples were streaked on Sabourdaud's dextrose agar and incubated for 10-21 days at 25?C. In microscopis examination according to their shape, and color, the colonies were identified as conidia, macroconidia and conidiaophora. From 59, of total 67 samples, the following saprophyte fungi were isolated: Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Alternaria sp., Mucor sp. and Fusarium sp. Occurrence of these fungi means that a considerable increase of this microbiological flora may be expected in homes of the owners. This may be the cause of systemic mycosis and allergies in animals and humans, as well as a possibility of contaminated food and incidence of mycotoxicosis.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF HERBAL TOOTHPASTE CONTAINING NEEM LEAVES EXTRACT (AZADIRACHTA INDICA) AGAINST GINGIVITIS: A CLINICAL STUDY

2019 ◽  
pp. 117-119
Author(s):  
AMELIA PRISCILLA SUGIARTA ◽  
ROBERT LESSANG ◽  
NATALINA .
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Study ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Tooth Brushing ◽  
Plaque Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Neem Leaves ◽  
And Control

Objective: Neem leaves are known to have antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antiseptic, antitumor, antihyperglycemic, antiulcer, andantiviral effects. In addition, they can reduce the counts of plaque-forming bacteria in the oral cavity. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of anherbal toothpaste containing neem leaves extract against gingivitis.Methods: A total of 40 subjects were divided into two groups (n=20 each): Experimental and control. Those in the test group were instructed to brushtheir teeth twice a day for 7 days with neem leaves extract toothpaste, whereas the control group subjects were asked to continue with the non-herbalpaste they used for tooth brushing. Plaque index (PI) and papillary bleeding index (PBI) were measured on day 0 and day 7.Results: Significant reductions in PI and PBI were noted between the test and control groups.Conclusion: The findings of this clinical study provide evidence that neem leaf extracts are effective in reducing gingivitis.

scholarly journals Protective Effect of Aqueous Crude Extract of Neem (Azadirachta indica) Leaves onPlasmodium berghei-Induced Renal Damage in Mice

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Voravuth Somsak ◽  
Sukanya Chachiyo ◽  
Ubonwan Jaihan ◽  
Somrudee Nakinchat
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Renal Injury ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Neem Leaves ◽  
Neem Leaf Extract

Malaria is a major public health problem in the world because it can cause of death in patients. Malaria-associated renal injury is associated with 45% of mortality in adult patients hospitalized with severe form of the disease. Therefore, new plant extracts to protect against renal injury induced by malaria infection are urgently needed. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of aqueous crude extract ofAzadirachta indica(neem) leaves on renal injury induced byPlasmodium bergheiANKA infection in mice. ICR mice were injected intraperitoneally with 1 × 107parasitized erythrocytes of PbANKA, and neem extracts (500, 1,000, and 2,000 mg/kg) were given orally for 4 consecutive days. Plasma blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels were subsequently measured. Malaria-induced renal injury was evidenced as marked increases of BUN and creatinine levels. However, the oral administration of neem leaf extract to PbANKA infected mice for 4 days brought back BUN and creatinine levels to near normalcy, and the highest activity was observed at doses of 1,000 and 2,000 mg/kg. Additionally, no toxic effects were found in normal mice treated with this extract. Hence, neem leaf extract can be considered a potential candidate for protection against renal injury induced by malaria.

scholarly journals Bioactivity Formulation Of Leaf Extract Of Kalanchoe pinnata And Seed Of Azadirachta indica Against Spodoptera litura

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Hedi Paramita ◽  
Lindung Tri Puspasari ◽  
Yusup Hidayat ◽  
Rika Meliansyah ◽  
Danar Dono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Kalanchoe Pinnata ◽  
And Control

The aim of this research is to know the most effective concentration of liquid formulation of Kalanchoe pinnata leaf extract 50 EC and Azadirachta indica seed extract 50 EC against S. litura. The experiment was conducted at the Laboratory of Pesticides and Enviromental Toxicology, Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran. The concentration were tested of each formulation were 1%, 2%, 3 %, 4%,and control.  The experiment arranged in completely randomized design (CRD) and replicated three times. The results showed that the formulation of A. indica seed extract 50 EC at concentration of 2%, 3%, and 4% effective against S. Litura larvae with mortality of 76.7%, 86.7, and 93.3%  This formulation also causing a decrease in feeding activity, weight, and lenghten the development time of S.litura larvae. Unlike the case with liquid formulations of K. pinnata 50 EC extract which was less toxic and did not show significant differences in feed intake, weight of larvae, and development time of larvae compared control treatment.                Keywords: Toxicity, mortality, growth dearragement, botanical insecticide.

Biosynthesis of ZnO Nanostructures Using Azadirachta indica Leaf Extract and Their Effect on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Tomato: An Eco-Friendly Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 1412-1422
Author(s):  
Nishat Arshi ◽  
Y. Prashanthi ◽  
Tentu Nageswara Rao ◽  
Faheem Ahmed ◽  
Shalendra Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Zno Nanoparticles ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Impact

In this study, we report synthesis of Zinc oxide nanoparticles using simple chemical and green methods. The ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized using leaf extract of Azadirachta indica (neem) as reducing agent. The as obtained product was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) and TEM techniques. XRD analysis confirms that ZnO nanoparticles were crystalline having hexagonal Wurtzite structure with (1 0 0), (0 0 2), (1 0 1), (1 0 2), (1 1 0) and (1 1 2) planes. SEM analyses show that the as synthesized ZnO NPs were in the form of agglomerates and no other impurity peak was found in the EDS. TEM analyses confirm that the size of the nanoparticle was approx. 50 nm. Here in, we investigate the effect of chemical and green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles on germination and growth of lycopersicum esculentus (tomato) using petri plate seed germination method in loamy sand soil. The impact of concentration of applied ZnO nanoparticles via green synthesis and chemical methods were analyzed. Results revealed that green synthesized Zinc oxide nanoparticles showed maximum growth of seedling as compared to chemically synthesized Zinc oxide nanoparticles, bulk ZnO and control. After 50 days of tomato growth analysis, it was recognized that ZnO NPs can be a good green synthetic fertilizer by increasing shoot length, wet weight, dry weight and yield over conventional control. Hence, green method is found to be more effective.

Seed quality enhancement through seed priming inpigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashok S. Sajjan ◽  
M. S. Dhanelappagol ◽  
R. B. Jolli
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Testing Laboratory ◽  
Karnataka State ◽  
Sowing Seed ◽  
And Control

Experiment was conducted in the Seed Testing Laboratory during 2013 and 2014 at RARS, UAS Campus, Vijayapur, Karnataka State. The seeds were primed by soaking in different leaf extracts and chemical solution for one hour and then decanted the extracts and seeds were air dried under the shade to bring back to their original moisture content and used for seed quality studies. Seed germination was significantly influenced by age of the seeds and its interaction with botanicals and chemicals. Among the treatments, botanicals viz., Prosopis leaf extracts @ 2per cent recorded higher seed germination followed by Pongamia leaf extract @ 2per cent. Whereas, in chemicals higher germination was seen in KNO3@ 0.5 per cent but at par with CaCl2 .2H2O @ 2 per cent. Lower seed germination was obtained with water soaked and control. The present investigation indicate that, seed priming with 2.0 per cent Prosopis leaf extract for one hours soaking enhanced the seed and seedling quality characters, and hence it could be adopted as a pre-sowing seed priming treatment in pigeon pea.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activity screening of isolated flavonoids from azadirachta indica leaves

2011 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qudsia Kanwal ◽  
Ishtiaq Hussain ◽  
Latif Siddiqui ◽  
Arshad Javaid
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Neem Leaves ◽  
Highly Effective

The antimicrobial activities of two flavonoids, namely Genisteina A 7-O-glucoside (1) and (-)-Epi-catechin (2), isolated from Azadirachta indica A. Juss (neem) leaves, were evaluated against five fungal species, viz: Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler, Aspergillus fumigatus Fresenius, Aspergillus niger van Tieghem, Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. and Penicillium citrii, and four bacterial species, viz: Lactobacillus sp., Escherichia coli, Azospirillium lipoferum and Bacillus sp. Six concentrations, viz. 100, 300, 500, 700, 900 and 1000 ppm of each of the two flavonoids were employed using malt extract agar medium. All the concentrations of both the test compounds significantly suppressed fungal as well as bacterial growth. The highest concentration (1000 ppm) of both fractions 1 and 2 reduced the growth of the different test fungal species by 83-99 % and 82-95 %, respectively. Compound 1 was highly effective against Lactobacillus sp., against which its various concentrations reduced the bacterial growth by 52-99.8 %. Compound 2 was highly effective against A. lipoferm and Bacillus sp., resulting in 94- 100 % and 73-99% reduction in bacterial growth, respectively.

scholarly journals Restorative effect of Azadirachta indica against fenvalerate induced haematological and biochemical toxicity in a freshwater fish Clarias batrachus

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-496
Author(s):  
Pratibha Kumari ◽  
Sanjay Kumar Jigyasu ◽  
Dilip Kumar Paul
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Clarias Batrachus ◽  
Total Leukocyte Count ◽  
Neem Leaves ◽  
Pyrethroid Pesticide ◽  
Serum Protein Level ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract

Pesticide use in recent times has increased many folds to enhance the yield of crops. The water bodies like ponds and others are extensively used for the cultivation of fishes. Since these fishes are a good source of protein and nutritious value, hence are consumed by humans. These pesticide-contaminated fishes are consumed by the human, causing health hazards. The objective of the present research work was to know the bio remedial effect of Azadirachta indica on fenvalerate induced toxicity in a freshwater air-breathing catfish "Mangur" known as Clarias batrachus ( Linnaeus). The fishes were treated with 1/3rd of LC50, i.e. 0.92 ppm of a pyrethroid pesticide fenvalerate and observed the fishes for 96 hours. Thereafter, the aqueous leaf extract of Azadirachta indica was administered orally, daily by gastric intubation method at the dose of 100 mg/Kg body weight per day for 15 days. The study revealed that, after the exposure of 0.92 ppm of fenvalerate, there was a significant decrease in RBC count from 2.76 to 2.14 X (106) (mm-3), Total leukocyte count from18.10 to 16.30 X (103) (mm-3), , packed ell volume from 24 % to 16% , haemoglobin from 6.89 g/100 ml to 4.23 g/100ml of blood whereas increase in the level of serum glucose and cholesterol level from 50.33 mg/dl to 103.73 mg/dl and 168.52 g/dl to 248.99 g/dl respectively. At the same time, serum protein level decreased from  3.16g/dl to2.52 g/dl due to pesticide in the experimental fishes.   But, after the administration of aqueous leaf extract of Azadirachta indica there was significant normalisation in the test parameters of the fishes. The study indicated that neem leaves possessed restorative effect against fenvalerate induced toxicity in Clarias batrachus.

scholarly journals CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTIC AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF METHANOL EXTRACT NEEM LEAVES (AZADIRACHTA INDICA JUSS)

AGROINTEK ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 649-657
Author(s):  
Supriyanto Supriyanto ◽  
Simon Bambang Widjanarko ◽  
Muhaimin Rifa'i ◽  
Yunianta Yunianta
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Chemical Characteristic ◽  
Neem Leaves ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Neem Leaf Extract

The neem plant (Azadirachta indica) is a herb with the potential as a source of antioxidants. This study aimed to identify compounds that exist in the neem leaf and determine their antioxidant activity. Neem leaf extract was collected by using 80% methanol.  Furthermore, methanol extracts from neem leaves with the highest antioxidant activity were partitioned with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water. This research were analyzed by partition for antioxidant activity, and DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-pycrilhydrazil) and the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were determined. The results showed that the ethyl acetate partition had the highest antioxidant activity, with IC50 values of 1.004 µg/ml. Neem leaf extract has the potential for a use as an herbal medicine in the treatment of various diseases..

scholarly journals Incidência de fungos e germinação de sementes de feijão-caupi (Vigna unguiculata L. (Walp) tratadas com óleo de nim (Azadirachta indica A. Juss)

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 850-855 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.C. Silva ◽  
C.C. Santos ◽  
D.P Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Aspergillus Sp

Neste trabalho avaliou-se o efeito do óleo de nim no controle de fungos associados às sementes de feijão caupi e a influência deste produto na germinação de três cultivares (Serrinha, BR 17, e Maranhão). Foram preparadas diluições de 0,5; 1,0; 2,0; 4,0 g dm 3-do óleo de nim em água destilada e testemunha, só com água. Os fungos foram identificados pelo método do papel de filtro e a germinação das sementes foi avaliada considerando as informações das Regras para Análise de Sementes. Foram utilizadas sementes de três cultivares de feijão-caupi: a cultivar Serrinha, proveniente da cidade de Timon-MA, a cultivar Maranhão, da cidade de Viana - MA, e a cultivar BR 17, obtida junto à Embrapa Meio Norte, na cidade de Teresina-PI. O crescimento de Fusarium sp. nas cultivares Maranhão e Serrinha foi reduzido em 52 e 53%, respectivamente e o índice de redução de Aspergillus sp. foi de 14 e 20% nas mesmas cultivares. Em relação aos fungos M. phaseolina e Phoma sp., observa-se que não foram inibidos em nenhuma das três cultivares. No que se refere à germinação das sementes nota-se que na cultivar Maranhão houve aumento no índice da germinação de 13 e 17,5% em relação à testemunha e, na cultivar Serrinha, somente a concentração 0,5% diferiu da testemunha com redução no índice de germinação de 6,49%. Conclui-se que o óleo de nim reduz a incidência de Fusarium sp. e Aspergillus sp. e é indiferente na redução de M. phaseolina e Phoma sp. O índice de germinação aumentou na cultivar Maranhão e diminuiu na cultivar Serrinha.

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