scholarly journals Feasibility Study for Production of Biofuel and Chemicals from Marine Microalgae Nannochloropsis sp. Based on Basic Mass and Energy Analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Jegan Porphy ◽  
Mohammed M. Farid
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Algae Biomass ◽  
Waste Land ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Solid Liquid

Algae are believed to be a good source of renewable energy because of their rapid growth rate and their ability to be cultivated in waste waters or waste land. The algae Nannochloropsis sp. was chosen for this study, where lipids were extracted and transesterified for biodiesel production. The FFA (free fatty acid) content in the lipid was estimated to be 27 wt% of the total fatty acids. The remaining biomass after lipid extraction was pyrolyzed at 200°C, 300°C, and 400°C to produce solid, liquid, and gas products. The GC/MS showed that the lipids of Nannochloropsis sp. consist of high concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids (29 wt%), eicosapentaenoic acid. The bio-oil produced from pyrolysis of algae biomass (after lipid extraction) at 300°C was composed of 50 wt% acetone, 30 wt% methyl ethyl ketone and 19 wt% aromatics such as pyrazine and pyrrole. The heating value of bio-oil is 32 MJ/kg of oil.

Prediction of Fatty Acid Content in Beef Neck Lean by near Infrared Reflectance Analysis

1998 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Windham ◽  
W.H. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy in the prediction of individual and total fatty acids of bovine M. Longissimus dorsi neck muscles has been studied. Beef neck lean was collected from meat processing establishments using advanced meat recovery systems and hand-deboning. Samples ( n = 302) were analysed to determine fatty acid (FA) composition and scanned from 400 to 2498 nm. Total saturated and unsaturated FA values ranged from 43.2 to 62.0% and 38.3 to 56.2%, respectively. Results of partial least squares (PLS) modeling shown reasonably accurate models were attained for total saturate content [standard error of performance ( SEP = 1.10%); coefficient of determination on the validation set ( r2 = 0.77)], palmitic ( SEP = 0.94%; r2 = 0.69), unsaturate ( SEP = 1.13%; r2 = 0.77), and oleic ( SEP = 0.97; r2 = 0.78). Prediction of other individual saturated and unsaturated FAs was less accurate with an r2 range of 0.10 to 0.53. However, the sum of individual predicted saturated and unsaturated FA was acceptable compared with the reference method ( SEP = 1.10 and 1.12%, respectively). This study shows that NIR can be used to predict accurately total fatty acids in M. Longissimus dorsi muscle.

Effect of dietary fish oil on biohydrogenation of fatty acids and milk fatty acid content in cows

2003 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Shingfield ◽  
S. Ahvenjärvi ◽  
V. Toivonen ◽  
A. Ärölä ◽  
K. V. V. Nurmela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Dietary Fish ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
In Trans ◽  
Second Period

AbstractMechanisms underlying milk fat conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) responses to supplements of fish oil were investigated using five lactating cows each fitted with a rumen cannula in a simple experiment consisting of two consecutive 14-day experimental periods. During the first period cows were offered 18 kg dry matter (DM) per day of a basal (B) diet formulated from grass silage and a cereal based-concentrate (0·6 : 0·4; forage : concentrate ratio, on a DM basis) followed by the same diet supplemented with 250 g fish oil per day (FO) in the second period. The flow of non-esterified fatty acids leaving the rumen was measured using the omasal sampling technique in combination with a triple indigestible marker method based on Li-Co-EDTA, Yb-acetate and Cr-mordanted straw. Fish oil decreased DM intake and milk yield, but had no effect on milk constituent content. Milk fat trans-11 C18:1, total trans-C18 : 1, cis-9 trans-11 CLA, total CLA, C18 : 2(n-6) and total C18 : 2content were increased in response to fish oil from 1·80, 4·51, 0·39, 0·56, 0·90 and 1·41 to 9·39, 14·39, 1·66, 1·85, 1·25 and 4·00 g/100 g total fatty acids, respectively. Increases in the cis-9, trans-11 isomer accounted for proportionately 0·89 of the CLA response to fish oil. Furthermore, fish oil decreased the flow of C18 : 0(283 and 47 g/day for B and FO, respectively) and increased that of trans-C18 : 1fatty acids entering the omasal canal (38 and 182 g/day). Omasal flows of trans-C18 : 1acids with double bonds in positions from delta-4 to -15 inclusive were enhanced, but the effects were isomer dependent and primarily associated with an increase in trans-11 C18 : 1 leaving the rumen (17·1 and 121·1 g/day for B and FO, respectively). Fish oil had no effect on total (4·36 and 3·50 g/day) or cis-9, trans-11 CLA (2·86 and 2·08 g/day) entering the omasal canal. Flows of cis-9, trans-11 CLA were lower than the secretion of this isomer in milk. Comparison with the transfer of the trans-9, trans-11 isomer synthesized in the rumen suggested that proportionately 0·66 and 0·97 of cis-9, trans-11 CLA was derived from endogenous conversion of trans-11 C18 : 1in the mammary gland for B and FO, respectively. It is concluded that fish oil enhances milk fat cis-9, trans-11 CLA content in response to increased supply of trans-11 C18:1that arises from an inhibition of trans-C18 : 1reduction in the rumen.

scholarly journals The Nutritional and Pharmacological Potential of New Australian Thraustochytrids Isolated from Mangrove Sediments

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thi Linh Nham Tran ◽  
Ana F. Miranda ◽  
Adarsha Gupta ◽  
Munish Puri ◽  
Andrew S. Ball ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Extracellular Polysaccharide ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Oil Bodies ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Mangrove Sediments ◽  
Aqueous Emulsion ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

Mangrove sediments represent unique microbial ecosystems that act as a buffer zone, biogeochemically recycling marine waste into nutrient-rich depositions for marine and terrestrial species. Marine unicellular protists, thraustochytrids, colonizing mangrove sediments have received attention due to their ability to produce large amounts of long-chain ω3-polyunsaturated fatty acids. This paper represents a comprehensive study of two new thraustochytrids for their production of valuable biomolecules in biomass, de-oiled cakes, supernatants, extracellular polysaccharide matrixes, and recovered oil bodies. Extracted lipids (up to 40% of DW) rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (up to 80% of total fatty acids) were mainly represented by docosahexaenoic acid (75% of polyunsaturated fatty acids). Cells also showed accumulation of squalene (up to 13 mg/g DW) and carotenoids (up to 72 µg/g DW represented by astaxanthin, canthaxanthin, echinenone, and β-carotene). Both strains showed a high concentration of protein in biomass (29% DW) and supernatants (2.7 g/L) as part of extracellular polysaccharide matrixes. Alkalinization of collected biomass represents a new and easy way to recover lipid-rich oil bodies in the form of an aqueous emulsion. The ability to produce added-value molecules makes thraustochytrids an important alternative to microalgae and plants dominating in the food, pharmacological, nutraceutical, and cosmetics industries.

scholarly journals Chemical, Nutritional and Antioxidant Characteristics of Different Food Seeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lacrimioara Senila ◽  
Emilia Neag ◽  
Oana Cadar ◽  
Melinda Haydee Kovacs ◽  
Anca Becze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Hemp Seed ◽  
Chromatography Analysis ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Antioxidant Characteristics

The objective of this study was to determine the chemical composition of five different food seeds (sunflower, poppy, hemp, flax and sesame) regarding fatty acid, mineral (Fe, Cu, Zn, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Al) and protein content. In addition, the total antioxidant capacity of the seeds was evaluated using the photochemiluminescent assay. The food seeds were subjected to lipid extraction and converted into fatty acid methyl esters before the gas chromatography analysis. In all food seeds, the saturated (SFAs), monounsaturated (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were identified, respectively. PUFAs were the most abundant fatty acids (61.2% ± 0.07% and 84.8% ± 0.08% of total fatty acids), with the highest content in flax and hemp seed oil. Also, high amounts of omega-3 from PUFAs were determined in flax and hempseed oil. Based on the obtained results the sunflower, sesame and poppy seeds are good sources of omega-6, while flax and hemp seeds are good sources of omega-3. All samples are rich in minerals (Na, K, Ca, Mg) and have more than 20% protein content.

scholarly journals Levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids in lymphocytes of rats fed on diets varying in polyunsaturated fatty acid content

1980 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. Tsagn ◽  
J. Belin ◽  
A. D. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Weanling Rats ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

1. When weanling rats were fed on a diet containing 0.1 g/kg of the diet as polyunsaturated fatty acid, it was found that after 2 weeks the level of linoleate in the lymphocyte total lipids was 56 mg/ g total fatty acids, as compared with a level of 138 mg/ g in rats on a normal diet (P < 0.005). Similar levels were obtained from rats which had been fed for up to 16 weeks on the deficient diet, but in a group killed after 28 weeks on the diet the level was found to be only 20 mg/ g total fatty acids. The arachidonate level was found to be approximately 220 mg/ g total fatty acids, regardless of whether the rats were fed on a diet deficient in linoleate for up to 16 weeks or on a normal diet. In the group of rats killed after 28 weeks on the linoleate deficient diet, however, the arachidonate level was only 60 mg/ g total fatty acids.2. Percentage values for total fatty acids are given for plasma, adipose tissue, and lymphocytes for rats on normal and experimental diets.3. Scatter diagrams of the levels of linoleate v. arachidonate in the lymphocyte total fatty acids showed no correlation between the levels of the two acids (r 0.05), but similar plots of linoleate and oleate levels showed an inverse correlation (r – 0.68).

scholarly journals Biodiesel I: Historical background, present and future production and standards - professional paper

2004 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dejan Skala ◽  
Sandra Glisic
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Plant Oil ◽  
Future Production

Biodiesel is defined as a fuel which may be used as pure biofuel or at high concentration in mineral oil derivatives, in accordance with specific quality standards for transport applications. The main raw material used for biodiesel production is rapeseed, which contains mono-unsaturated acids (about 60%) and also poly-unsaturated fatty acids (C 18:1 and C 18:3) in a lower quantity, as well as some undesired saturated fatty acids (palmitic and stearic acids). Other raw materials have also been used in research and the industrial production of biodiesel (palm oil, sunflower oil, soybean oil, waste plant oil, animal fats, etc). The historical background of biodiesel production, installed industrial capacities, as well as the Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council (May 2003) regarding the promotion of the use of biofuels or other renewable fuels for transport are discussed in the first part of this article. The second part focuses on some new concepts for the future development of technology for biodiesel production, based on the application of non-catalytic transesterification under supercritical conditions or the use of lipases as an alternative catalyst for this reaction.

scholarly journals Enhanced lipid extraction from microalgae in biodiesel production

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myung-Gyun Kim ◽  
Hyun-Wook Hwang ◽  
Antony Nzioka ◽  
Young-Ju Kim
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Extraction Efficiency ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Microwave Treatment ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Chemical Extraction ◽  
Operation Control

In order to secure more effective lipid extraction method, this research investigated new lipid extraction method using laser with absorbent and sought its optimum operation control. In addition, this study compared lipid extraction efficiency and FAME conversion rate between laser extraction method at optimum condition and existing extraction method. Results from experiments for optimizing lipid extraction method using laser showed that the maximum extraction efficiency (81.8%) was attained when using laser with an output capacity of 75Wh/L. Extraction efficiency increased up to 90.8% when microwave treatment as pretreatment process was conducted. Addition of absorbents during lipid extraction process with laser showed higher extraction efficiency than laser and chemical method. It was also found that laser extraction method with absorbent had higher total fatty acid content (853.7 mg/g oil) in extracted lipid than chemical extraction method (825.4 mg/g oil). Furthermore, it had the highest FAME conversion rate (94.2%).

Influence of Simazine and Atrazine on Free Fatty Acid Content in Isolated Chloroplasts

Weed Science ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Smith ◽  
R. E. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Isolated Chloroplasts

Chloroplasts, isolated from fresh spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) were treated with four concentrations of each 2-chloro-4,6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine (simazine) or 2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine (atrazine) to determine the influence of these herbicides on the free fatty acid content in isolated chloroplasts. The treated chloroplast solutions were sampled at 0, 5, 15, 30, 60, and 120 min following treatment. Results indicated that most herbicide treatments increased free fatty acid content in isolated chloroplasts when compared with the zero concentration treatments. The increased fatty acid content was similar for most concentrations of simazine and atrazine. Results of individual fatty acid analyses indicated that the increase in total fatty acids was a result of increases in concentration of unsaturated rather than saturated fatty acids.

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