Characterization of wood popularly known as “Louros” in the Brazilian amazon by visible spectroscopy and CIELAB parameters

Aim of study: The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential of colorimetry to discriminate wood from the “louros” group, in particular to contribute to a database of Brazilian native species for future application in logging control actions. Area of study: The wooden discs were collected in a Sustainable Forest Management Area (AMFS) belonging to two extractivist communities, Paraiso and Arimum, both in the “Green Forever” Extractivist Reserve, in the municipality of Porto de Moz, Pará state, Brazil. Material and methods: Colorimetric evaluation was carried out based on data from the CIEL*a*b* system, analyzed using PCA and ANOVA in a completely randomized design in a two-factor scheme. Main results: PCA produced some evidence of color patterns and some parameters may be more useful in caracterization. Longitudinal surfaces were more indicated for this group caracterization. The data from CIEL*a*b* system produce helpful information for distinction of wood from “louros” group, and so, the colorimetric technique can be an auxiliary tool for separation of this group, complementary to other techniques as wood anatomy. Research highlights: Correct discrimination of wood from “louros” group in commerce control; Brazilian native species.

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DIAGNOSE VISUAL DE DEFICIÊNCIAS MINERAIS EM MUDAS DE PINHÃO MANSO (Jatropha curcas L.) EM FUNÇÃO DE DIFERENTES DOSES DE MACRO E MICRONUTRIENTES

ENERGIA NA AGRICULTURA ◽

10.17224/energagric.2016v31n3p231-236 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 231

Author(s):

Adriano Oliveira Nunes ◽

Rodolfo Belo Exler ◽

Fábio Macêdo Nunes ◽

Luis Cesar Paulillo

Keyword(s):

Jatropha Curcas ◽

Standard Treatment ◽

Nutrient Deficiencies ◽

Visual Evaluation ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Element Technique ◽

Complete Nutrient Solution ◽

Missing Element

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo caracterizar os sintomas de deficiências de macro e micro nutrientes em mudas de pinhão-manso (Jatropha curcas). O experimento foi conduzido em um viveiro instalado na Faculdade de Tecnologia e Ciência (FTC), Salvador – Ba. As mudas foram submetidas à solução nutritiva completa (tratamento testemunha) e soluções com omissão dos nutrientes N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Mo que corresponderam aos demais tratamentos, que caracterizam a técnica do elemento faltante. As sementes foram plantadas em vasos de plástico com capacidade de 2 Kg, numa profundidade de 5 cm, cobertas com camada fina de areia lavada, as condições de luminosidade foram de 50% em viveiro com cobertura de tela sombrite preta. Adotou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com treze tratamentos e nove repetições. Foram avaliados os sintomas visuais de deficiência de nutrientes aos 45 dias após a aplicação dos tratamentos. As plantas apresentaram sintomas de deficiências minerais comuns da espécie. Os sintomas apresentados foram principalmente observados no tratamento com omissão dos elementos N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B e Mo. Todos os tratamentos com ausência de macronutrientes apresentaram alterações visuais de deficiência nutricional, no entanto somente os tratamentos com omissão de B e Mn apresentaram sintomas decorrentes da omissão de micronutrientes.Palavras-chave: Jatropha curcas, macronutrientes, micronutrientes, diagnose visual. VISUAL EVALUATION OF MACRO AND MICRO NUTRIENTS DEFICIENCIES SYMPTOMS IN JATROPHA SEEDLINGS IN FUNCTION OF DIFFERENT NUTRITION DOSES ABSTRACT: This study aimed to make a visual evaluation of the growth and characterization of the symptoms of macro and micro nutrient deficiencies in jatropha seedlings (Jatropha curcas). The experiment was conducted in a vivarium at the Faculty of Technology and Science (FTC), Salvador - Ba. The seedlings were treated to the complete nutrient solution (standard treatment) and also solutions with omissions of nutrients N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn, Mo, that corresponded to other treatments featuring to using the missing element technique. Seeds were planted at a depth of 5 cm and covered with a thin layer of washed sand. It adopted a completely randomized design with thirteen treatments and nine repetitions. The symptoms of mineral deficiencies were evaluated over a period of 45 days. The plants had symptoms of common mineral deficiencies of the species. The symptoms were observed in the absence of treatment with elements N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B and Mo. The results showed that all treatments with omission of macronutrients presented visual alterations of nutritional deficiency, however only the treatments with omission of B and Mn showed symptoms of the subtraction of micronutrients.Keywords: Jatropha curcas, macronutrient, micronutrient, visual symptoms.

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Initial Growth of Amburana cearensis in Decomposed Buriti Stem Substrate and Nitrogen Doses

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v10n7p497 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 497

Author(s):

Augusto Matias de Oliveira ◽

Wéverson Lima Fonseca ◽

Tiago De Oliveira Sousa ◽

Hingrid Raiany Santos Teixeira ◽

Fernandes Antonio de Almeida ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Native Species ◽

Significant Interaction ◽

Aerial Part ◽

Slow Growth ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Initial Development ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design

One of the difficulties of producing native species seedlings is slow growth. The objective of this study was to evaluate the initial development of Amburana cearensis (Allem.) A. C. Smith in relation to the concentration decomposed buriti stem substratum and nitrogen doses. A completely randomized design was used in a factorial arrangement of 3 × 5 (proportions of decomposed buriti stem × nitrogen doses), with six replicates. The treatments were formulated substrates comprised of decomposed buriti stem manually mixed with soil (Dystrophic Yellow Latosol) in three proportions (0, 25 and 50%) and five nitrogen doses (0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 mg dm-3) applied in treatments. There was no significant interaction between the DRM and ND factors. However, there was an isolated effect for the following variables: Plant height (PH), stem diameter (SD), leaf number (LN), leaf area (LA), dry mass of the aerial part (DMA) and root length (RL). The best concentrations of the substrate for the variables PH, LA and DMA were 25% and 50%, whereas for SD, LN and RL, the best result was 50%. ND and other variables had good responses under recommended doses ranging from a minimum of 264.82 mg dm-3, observed in DMA, and a maximum of 400 mg dm-3, observed in RL. Both factors positively the quality of umburana seedlings.

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CLONAL FORESTRY OF Piptocarpha angustifolia: SURVIVAL AND GROWTH VIGOR IN FIELD CONDITIONS

CERNE ◽

10.1590/01047760201723012262 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 69-74

Author(s):

Carlos André Stuepp ◽

Ivar Wendling ◽

Henrique Soares Koehler ◽

Katia Christina Zuffellato-Ribas

Keyword(s):

Native Species ◽

Field Conditions ◽

Forest Plantations ◽

Clonal Forestry ◽

Base Diameter ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Clonal Plantation ◽

Survival And Growth ◽

Growth Vigor ◽

Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT Piptocarpha angustifolia is a potential native species for Brazilian forestry. However, a lot of challenges and technical constraints persist, hindering its expansion as a species for forest plantations, among them, the lack of evaluation of their survival and growth in field conditions. Thus, we evaluated the survival and growth vigor of Piptocarpha angustifolia according to two initial heights of mini-cuttings at planting. Plants from mini-cuttings with 20 ± 5 cm and 40 ± 5 cm were planted in field using 3 × 2 m spacing. In these, we evaluated the survival, base diameter and total height during 24 months. The experiment was implemented in a completely randomized design in a split plot model. Plants of 20 ± 5 cm are superior in survival to 40 ± 5 cm ones. The growth in height and diameter remained constant up to 24 months, reaching 64.1 cm and 13.5 mm, independently of the plants expedition time. In general, the establishment of clonal plantation of Piptocarpha angustifolia was limited by the attack of pests, mainly cutting ants. For this reason, plantation of this species must take into account the possibility of greater pest control.

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Influence of alternative substrates on biomass and quality of cedar seedlings

Scientific Electronic Archives ◽

10.36560/141220211478 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (12) ◽

Author(s):

Cleverson Agueiro de Carvalho ◽

Reginaldo Almeida Andrade ◽

Felippe Coelho de Souza ◽

Rychaellen Silva de Brito ◽

Davair Lopes Teixeira Junior ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Native Species ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Cedrela Odorata ◽

Forage Grasses ◽

Planted Forests ◽

Alternative Substrates ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Organic Compost

The production of native species seedlings is essential for the establishment of planted forests or for the recovery of degraded areas. In the nursery stage, the quality of the substrate is crucial for plant growth and development. The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of alternative substrates, produced from agroforestry residues and decomposed forage grasses, on the biomass input and quality of cedar (Cedrela odorata) seedlings. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, located in Rio Branco, Acre, in a completely randomized design, with three treatments, consisting of substrates: brachiaria organic compost (1:1); organic compost combined with crushed brazil nut husk (2:1) and commercial substrate, with ten repetitions. At 90 days after sowing, total, shoot and root dry matter and Dickson's quality index were evaluated. The organic compost from Brachiaria grass favors the accumulation of biomass, improves the quality of cedar seedlings and can replace the commercial substrate in a viable way.

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CHARACTERIZATION OF SORGUM MUFFIN (Sorghum bicolor) OF KD 4 VARIETY WITH SOAKING GRAIN AND SORGUM FLOUR CONCENTRATION TREATMENT

Jurnal Penelitian Pascapanen Pertanian ◽

10.21082/jpasca.v18n1.2021.37-44 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 37

Author(s):

Ita Yustina ◽

Ana Nurhasanah ◽

SS. Antarlina

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Sorghum Flour ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Sorghum Grains ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties

<p class="Abstrak"><span lang="EN-GB">By processing sorghum grains into flour, the use of sorghum grains to support food diversification can be made more varied. The research objective was to determine the physical and chemical properties of sorghum muffins and changes of physical properties of sorghum muffins during storage. The research uses a completely randomized design with two factor, grain soaking duration (hours) and ratio of concentration of whole sorghum flours with gluten flour (%) and consists of nine treatments combination. The result shows that treatment has a significant effect on the power expansion, degree of brightness, fat, and preference for organoleptic properties. The best treatment was 24-hours of soaking, 25% whole sorghum flour, 75% gluten flour that produces expanded power at 138,83%, degree of brightness (L) at 67.03, redness (a) at +4.33, yellowness (b) at +27.37, water content of 12.59%, protein content of 6.95%, fat content of 2.46%, score of color at 3.20, texture score at 3.13, aroma score at 3.16, taste score at 3.24, and for overall acceptance at 3.53 (like). Changes of physical properties of sorghum muffins during storage for 3 days can be explained with the linear equation. For all parameter (weight loss, volume loss, brightness loss), the value of constant a in the equation of sorghum muffin was lower than control muffin that indicated quality loss of sorghum muffins is higher than control muffin. Increasing the concentration of sorghum flour resulted a decrease in the quality of the muffins. The soaking treatment of the seeds in making sorghum flour can maintain the quality of the muffin.</span></p>

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Identification and Characterization of Natural Sweeteners from “Trembesi” Fruit Pulp (Albizia saman)

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202132808012 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 328 ◽

pp. 08012

Author(s):

Sri Winarti ◽

Siska Mardiana

Keyword(s):

Water Content ◽

Total Sugar ◽

Extraction Temperature ◽

Fruit Pulp ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Albizia Saman ◽

Identification And Characterization

Research has been carried out on the process of natural sweeteners from the pulp of the “trembesi” fruit. The purpose of this study was to identify the types of sugar (fructose, glucose, sucrose) and to determine the effect of extraction temperature on the characteristics of natural sweeteners from “trembesi” pulp. This study used a simple completely randomized design (CRD) with extraction temperature treatments (60°C, 70°C, 80°C, 90°C and 100°C). The data obtained were analyzed using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) method, if there was a significant difference between treatments, it was continued with Duncan's Test (DMRT). The results of the research, it is known that the pulp of the tamarind fruit contains a total of 53.65% sugar; fructose 20.55%; glucose 12.77%; sucrose 18.21%; water content 25.739%; ash 2.771%; 1.226% protein; fat 7.028%; and carbohydrates 63.196%. The best treatment is the extraction temperature of 100°C; which produces natural sweeteners with the following characteristics: viscosity 11.71 cp; and sensories of viscosity 4.1. Total sugar in natural sweetener from pulp of the “trembesi” fruit 73.36%; fructose 26.40%; glucose 12.11%; and 25.4% sucrose.

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UNIVARIATE AND MULTIVARIATE APPROACHES IN THE CHARACTERIZATION OF LIMA BEAN GENOTYPES

Revista Caatinga ◽

10.1590/1983-21252020v33n230rc ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 571-578

Author(s):

MARILHA VIEIRA DE BRITO ◽

VERÔNICA BRITO DA SILVA ◽

CARLOS HUMBERTO AIRES MATOS FILHO ◽

REGINA LUCIA FERREIRA-GOMES ◽

ÂNGELA CELIS DE ALMEIDA LOPES

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Germplasm Collection ◽

Lima Bean ◽

Combined Analysis ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Qualitative Variables ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Multivariate Approaches ◽

Screen House

ABSTRACT To estimate the genetic diversity among the genotypes of a germplasm collection, a combined analysis of qualitative and quantitative variables was performed. The objective was to promote the morpho-agronomic characterization and estimate the genetic diversity of lima bean genotypes belonging to the Phaseolus Germplasm Bank of UFPI through univariate and multivariate approaches. The experiment was conducted on a screen house between January and September 2016, using a completely randomized design with four replications, with a plot consisting of a pot with a plant. An analysis of variance of the quantitative characteristics was performed and used to estimate the comparison of means. The combined analysis of the quantitative and qualitative variables was performed based on the Gower distance. Subsequently, the genotypes were grouped by the UPGMA method, from which five groups were formed. The lima bean genotypes showed wide genetic variability in relation to morpho-agronomic characteristics.

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Characterization of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson Modified Fermented Flour

Current Nutrition & Food Science ◽

10.2174/1573401316666200120125006 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 514-522

Author(s):

Ikrar T. Syah ◽

Anto ◽

Umar H.A. Hasbullah

Keyword(s):

Physicochemical Properties ◽

Physicochemical Analysis ◽

Pasting Properties ◽

Whiteness Index ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Elephant Foot Yam ◽

Yam Flour ◽

Foaming Capacity ◽

Completely Randomized Design

Background: Flour is generally evaluated by physicochemical analysis of its constituents in order to determine its functional properties. The modification of flour is reflected in many of its physicochemical properties. Objective: In the present study, samples of elephant foot yam (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius) modified fermented flour were characterized based on physicochemical properties of starch, amylose, and amylopectin content, and also flour morphology. Methods: Various starters were applied (mocaf, Bimo-cf, and tape yeast) for 12h fermentation before being processed into flour to modify its properties. The physicochemical parameters of flours consist of whiteness index, pasting properties, foaming capacity, flour morphology, and proximate compositions. All data were taken in triplicate using completely randomized design. Result: All the starters were able to improve whiteness index (WI) of flour. There was a correlation between fat and protein content with pasting properties of native flour and modified fermented elephant foot yam (MoEFY) flours. Fermentation processes caused slight changes of flour pasting properties. The granule size of MoEFY flour became smaller than those in native elephant foot yam flour after fermentation, and granules were polyhedral with slightly pointed and protruding edges. Conclusion: The results suggested that fermentation by Bimo-cf starter within 12h could provide a greater extent of flour modification.

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Biochemical Characterization of Collagen Extracted from the Swim Bladder of Catfish (Bagre panamensis)

European Scientific Journal ESJ ◽

10.19044/esj.2018.v14n30p1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (30) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Lopez S. ◽

Salguero A. ◽

Vargas A. ◽

Zavala A.

Keyword(s):

Biochemical Characterization ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Swim Bladder ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Three Samples ◽

Collagen Protein ◽

Water Ph ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Microbiological Assays

In the present investigation, the extraction and subsequent characterization of the collagen in the swim bladder of catfish was developed, for which a total of twelve experimental units were analyzed, distributed in three samples with four repetitions per analysis distributed under a completely randomized design with a 0,05% of significance, the size of the experimental unit 200g of lyophilized collagen. Protein, minerals, water, pH, hydroxyproline were then quantified in addition to the microbiological assays. The results obtained correspond to 76.86% of protein, 9.02% of humidity, 14.12% of ash, while for pH 4.55, hydroxyproline 44,08% and ausence of UFC/g were reported. It is determined that it can be used in food formulations to improve the texture due to its hydroxyproline content.

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EFFECTS OF SUBSTRATE AND WATER AVAILABILITY ON THE INITIAL GROWTH OF Alibertia edulis RICH.

FLORESTA ◽

10.5380/rf.v49i1.57122 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

pp. 089 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Tatiane Sanches Jeromini ◽

Leandro Henrique de Sousa Mota ◽

Silvana De Paula Quintão Scalon ◽

Daiane Mugnol Dresch ◽

Lourenço Quintão Scalon

Keyword(s):

Water Availability ◽

Native Species ◽

Water Retention ◽

Water Levels ◽

Chicken Manure ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Red Latosol

Alibertia edulis Rich. is a native species of the Brazilian Cerrado and can be used for reforestation of degraded areas. In addition, it produces edible fruits. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of substrates and water levels on the emergence, initial growth, and quality of seedling of A. edulis. The substrates tested were: latosol (L), latosol + sand (L + S = 1:1), latosol + sand + chicken manure (L + S1 + CM = 1:1:0,5), latosol + sand + chicken manure (L + S2 + CM = 1:2:0,5), and latosol + commercial substrate (L + C = 1:1); and the water retention capacities (WRC) tested were: 25, 50, 75, and 100%. The experiment was carried through in a completely randomized design and subdivided into a plot scheme, in which the plots represented water availability and the subplots represented the substrates. Latosol + commercial substrate at 100% of WRC provided the best conditions for emergence, initial growth and formation of seedlings of A. edulis. Sowing in the substrate Dystroferric Red Latosol isolated at 25% of WRC should not be used for the formation of seedlings of this species.

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