scholarly journals A whole row automatic pick-up device using air force to blow out vegetable plug seedlings

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. e0211
Author(s):  
Hanping Mao ◽  
Guoxin Ma ◽  
Luhua Han ◽  
Jianping Hu ◽  
Feng Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Air Force ◽  
Needle Insertion ◽  
Air Pressure ◽  
Airflow Rate ◽  
Success Ratio ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Air Nozzle ◽  
End Effectors ◽  
Clamping Device

Aim of study: To develop a whole row automatic pick-up device using air force to blow out plug seedlings, to avoid the damage to seedlings that the current way of seedling picking by needle insertion induces.Area of study: Jiangsu Province, China.Material and methods: We designed a pick-up device which mainly consists of a seedling transporting device, a seedling air loosening device, a seedling clamping device and an automatic control system. The damage rate of seedling was significantly reduced and the success rate of seedling picking was increased by using the new seedling air loosening method and the new designed end-effectors. A prototype of the new pick-up device was produced according to the calculation results, and the performance tests were arranged under actual production conditions in an indoor laboratory.Main results: The calculation showed that when the diameter of the blowhole in air nozzle is 3.5 mm, and the air pressure is between 0.146 MPa and 0.315 MPa, the seedlings can be blown out successfully. Besides, the clamping strain test showed that the new designed end-effector can meet the requirements of seedling picking. The orthogonal test showed that both the air pressure and water content significantly affected the success ratio. The success ratio reached 96.64% when air pressure was 0.4 MPa, water content was 55%-60% and airflow rate was 100%, what meets the current requirements of transplanting.Research highlights: This research can provide some references for the automatic transplanting technology.

An Air Texturing Process for Hybridization of Different Reinforcement Filament Yarns by Commingling Process

2006 ◽  
Vol 532-533 ◽  
pp. 333-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bok Choon Kang ◽  
Chathura Nalendra Herath ◽  
Jong Kwang Park ◽  
Yong Hwang Roh
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Process Development ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Air Pressure ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Significant Parameter ◽  
Air Jet ◽  
Yarn Count ◽  
Air Nozzle

Carbon, aramid and glass fibers are inherently superior to conventional textile fibers in terms of mechanical properties and other characteristics. However, each material has its inherent advantages and disadvantages and it is usually recommended to hybridize them to fully benefit of their high performance in practical applications to many products. This paper is concerned with an air texturing process for hybridization of different reinforcement filament yarns. A normal air texturing machine was selected for process development and modified to suit testing purposes. The modified process for hybridization was introduced mainly in terms of air-jet nozzles employed in experiments. With the proposed air texturing process machine, three types of air-nozzle were applied to the experimental work. Three different filament materials were employed in experiments and they are carbon (CF), aramid (AF), and glass (GF). As matrix materials, polyether-ether (PEEK), polyester (PES), and polypropylene (PP) were selected and experimented. Hybrid yarns produced form the proposed process was evaluated optically in terms of bulkiness, arranging, breaking, and mixing, respectively. The experimental results were also summarized in terms of relationships between applied air pressure and yarn count, and variation in count. As a whole, it was concluded from the experiments that the proposed texturing process could be successfully applied to the practical hybridization of different reinforcement filament yarns. It was also revealed from the experiments that the air pressure in the proposed process is not a significant parameter on the pressing in terms of yarn count.

A New Analytical Expression of Overall Collision Efficiency for the Water Droplet Impinging on a Cylinder

2013 ◽  
Vol 392 ◽  
pp. 90-94
Author(s):  
Ling Chen ◽  
Rui Liu ◽  
Yong Xing Cao
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Calculation ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Numerical Computation ◽  
Liquid Water ◽  
Water Droplet ◽  
Liquid Water Content ◽  
Collision Efficiency ◽  
Analytical Expression ◽  
Median Volume ◽  
Calculation Results

The ice amount accreting on the rotating multi-cylinders can be used to obtain the liquid water content (LWC) and the median volume diameter of water droplet (MVD) based on cylindrical icing model. In this model, the overall collision efficiency is usually calculated by Finstads (φ100) and Langmuirs formulations (φ<100). But this combined expression doesnt agree well with the numerical calculation in some case. This paper gives a new expression based on a large number of numerical calculation results, and this expression agrees better with the numerical computation than existing expression.

scholarly journals MEMPERKIRAKAN PERBANDINGAN KADAR AIR SEMEN PADA BETON KERAS

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 177
Author(s):  
Widodo Kushartomo ◽  
Arianti Sutandi ◽  
Dewi Linggasari
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Concrete Mix ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Concrete Materials

Comparison of cement water content (w / c-ratio) is one important factor to determine the strength of concrete, so it is important to know the ratio of the amount of water used in a concrete mix. Many problems that arise related to the quality of concrete in ready-made buildings require an in-depth investigation of the composition of concrete materials in order to estimate the quality of concrete including the ratio of the amount of water to cement. Estimating the ratio of the amount of water to the amount of cement in hard concrete is not an easy matter, there are many factors that influence it. A number of special tests are needed on hard concrete to get the accuracy of the ratio of cement water content (w / c-ratio). A number of test specimens were prepared for testing with known water content and amount of cement. After going through the treatment process for 28 days, at the age of 60 days all test specimens are examined both chemically and volumetricly to recalculate the amount of water and cement that has been used. The calculation results show the technique used has a suitability of 99% to the planning. ABSTRAKPerbandingan kadar air semen (w/c-ratio) merupakan salah satu faktor penting untuk menentukan kekuatan beton, sehingga penting sekali mengetahui perbandingan jumlah air yang digunakan dalam suatu adukan beton. Banyak permasalahan yang muncul terkait mutu beton pada bangunan yang sudah jadi memerlukan penyelidikan     yang mendalam terhadap komposisi material beton tersebut guna memperkirakan mutu beton termasuk didalamnya perbandingan jumlah air terhadap semen. Memperkirakan perbandingan jumlah air terhadap jumlah semen pada beton keras bukan merupakan suatu perkara yang mudah, ada banyak faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Diperlukan sejumlah pengujian khusus pada beton keras untuk mendapatkan akurasi nilai perbandingan kadar air semen (w/c-ratio). Sejumlah benda uji disiapkan untuk pengujian dengan kadar air dan jumlah semen yang telah diketahui. Setelah melalui proses perawatan selama 28 hari, pada umur 60 hari seluruh benda uji diperiksa baik secara kimiawi maupun secara volumetrik untuk menghitung ulang jumlah air dan semen yang telah digunakan. Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan teknik yang digunakan  memiliki kesesuaian sebesar 99% terhadap perencanaan.

An Airflow Field Finite Element Analysis of the Seed Adsorption Hole of Pneumatic Seeder

2011 ◽  
Vol 117-119 ◽  
pp. 1810-1815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Man Quan Zhao ◽  
Yue Qin Liu ◽  
Yong Wen Hu
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Pressure Difference ◽  
Air Pressure ◽  
Airflow Rate ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Airflow Field ◽  
Suction Hole

The seed adsorption disk is an important component of the seed metering device. The differences in size and shape of suction hole on the adsorption disk result in variation of the airflow field formed. A finite element analysis of airflow field for the suction holes of different size and shape was conducted in this paper. The two dimensional simulation of airflow field for different shaped suction hole under the condition of identical bore diameter and air pressure difference reveals that the average airflow velocity inside the different shape of suction holes are the highest one in cylindrical hole and the lowest in tapered hole, the airflow speed at inlet opening of three different suction hole does not vary evidently. Both the result of airflow field two dimensional finite element analysis of different bore diameter suction hole and its proof under the condition of the shape of suction holes and air pressure difference being identical reveal that with the bore diameter being enlarged, the airflow speed inside the suction hole increases in comparison of the airflow speed field for three different suction holes of different bore diameter. To enlarge the bore diameter of suction hole and expand the adsorption surface area of the seed will result in the airflow rate and airflow speed getting higher and the adsorption function on the seed growing stronger.

Changes in Voice Production During Radiotherapy for Laryngeal Cancer

1974 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Murry ◽  
Robert C. Bone ◽  
Carl Von Essen
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Laryngeal Cancer ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Air Pressure ◽  
Airflow Rate ◽  
Vocal Rehabilitation ◽  
Voice Production ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Conservation Surgery ◽  
Intraoral Air Pressure

This report describes certain changes in voice production that occurred in a patient undergoing radiation therapy for laryngeal carcinoma. The increasing use of radiation as well as conservation surgery for treatment of early-stage laryngeal cancer results in overall improved survival. These techniques also require new directions in vocal rehabilitation. In this study a patient with laryngeal cancer undergoing radiation therapy was studied before, during, and after treatment. Airflow rate, phonational range, most comfortable frequency of phonation, and intraoral air pressure were measured. Eight weeks after the termination of radiation therapy, hoarseness persisted, but airflow rate was continuing to drop, the phonational range was increasing, and the most comfortable frequency of phonation appeared stable. Intraoral air pressure for voiced and voiceless consonants was not systematically affected by the changing status of the vocal cords.

scholarly journals Research on the Design Method of a Bionic Suspension Workpiece Based on the Wing Structure of an Albatross

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siyang Gao ◽  
Bangcheng Zhang ◽  
Jianwei Sun
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Calculation ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Air Pressure ◽  
Guide Rail ◽  
Structure Mapping ◽  
Air Suspension ◽  
Suspension Process ◽  
Physical Prototype ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Suspension Test

An air suspension platform uses air pressure to realize the suspension function during the suspension process, and it has the disadvantage of large air pressure and a small suspension force. In this study, an air suspension platform was built using bionic design to reduce the required air pressure and increase the suspension force. A suspension structure mapping model was established according to the physiological structure characteristics of albatross wings. A bionic model was established by using the theoretical calculation formula and structural size parameters of the structural design. A 3D printer was used to manufacture the physical prototype of the suspended workpiece. Based on this, a suspension test rig was built. Six sets of contrast experiments were designed. The experimental results of the suspension test bench were compared with the theoretical calculation results. The results show that the buoyancy of the suspended workpiece with a V-shaped surface at a 15-degree attack angle was optimal for the same air pressure as the other workpieces. The surface structure of the suspended workpiece was applied to the air static pressure guide rail. By comparing the experimental data, the air pressure of the original air suspension guide rail was reduced by 37%, and the validity of the theory and design method was verified.

Choice of handedness and automated suturing for anthropomorphic dual-arm surgical robots

Robotica ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (08) ◽  
pp. 1775-1793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jienan Ding ◽  
Nabil Simaan
Keyword(s):  
Single Port ◽  
Needle Insertion ◽  
Surgical Robots ◽  
Confined Spaces ◽  
Port Access ◽  
Single Port Access Surgery ◽  
End Effectors ◽  
Access Surgery ◽  
Dual Arm ◽  
Minimal Constraint

SUMMARYLaparoscopic and Single Port Access Surgery (SPAS) present unique dexterity challenges related to dual-arm operations in confined spaces and tele-manipulation of highly dexterous surgical slaves. In an effort to reduce tele-manipulation burden, new paradigms for semi-automating surgical tasks are needed. This paper presents a new minimal constraint suturing and automated choice of handedness for anthropomorphic dual-arm robots. The automated choice of handedness supports surgeons during tele-manipulation of complex robotic slaves where dexterity and workspace constraints are difficult to learn. This criterion is also used to support automated dual-arm rendezvous for quicker suture exchange during dual-arm suturing. The minimal constraint algorithm presented in this paper allows surgeons to operate within a shared-control tele-manipulation framework whereby the surgeon controls the needle insertion speed and the robot controls the needle orientation while respecting a minimalistic set of tissue constraints. This framework is evaluated on a novel insertable robotic end-effectors platform for SPAS. A simulation study demonstrates the effectiveness of the automated choice of handedness criterion through a study of dexterity limitations of each arm. Additional simulations show the proposed algorithm for automated rendezvous and suture exchange.

scholarly journals Design of Pneumatic Gripper for Pick and Place Operation (Four Jaw)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Poornesh Velineni ◽  
Jayasuriya Suresh ◽  
Naveen Kumar C ◽  
Suresh M
Keyword(s):  
Material Handling ◽  
Air Pressure ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Industrial Work ◽  
Air Supply ◽  
Pick And Place ◽  
End Effectors ◽  
Pick And Place Operation

Grippers are attached at the end of an industrial arm robot for material handling purpose. Grippers plays a major role in all pick and place application industries. Those are connected as end effectors to realize and develop a task in an industrial work floor. Pneumatic gripper works with the principle of compressed air. The gripper is connected to a compressed air supply. When air pressure is applied on the piston, the gripper gets opened while the air gets exist from the piston it gets closed. It is possible to control the force acting on the gripper by controlling the air pressure with the help of the valve. The objective is to design an effective, simple, and economic gripper for pick and place application.

scholarly journals Digesti Logam Zink(Zn) Dalam Sedimen Estuaria Sungai Palu Dengan Kombinasi Asam Mineral

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 247
Author(s):  
Stefhanny Galib ◽  
Irwan Said ◽  
Mery Napitupulu
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Relative Standard Deviation ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Estuarine Sediments ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Mineral Acids ◽  
Calculation Results

The research was conducted to determine the digestion power is highest of Zn metal with the combination of mineral acids in the estuarine sediments of Palu River samples. Zn metal concentrations in the sediments were analysed by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) at a wavelength of 231.9 nm. The results showed that water content ranged between 30.36%-37.18%, ash content ranged from 52.40%-68.76%, and biomass content ranged from 0.88%-10.42%. Analysis of AAS showed the significant average of Zn metal on a combination of mineral acids HNO3-H2SO(1:1) was 289.95182.49 mg/kg, and on a combination of mineral acids HNO3-HCl (1:3) was 669.18447.2 mg/kg. While calculation results of the relative standard deviation values were 25.35% for the combination of mineral acids HNO3-H2SO4 (1:1), and 22% for the combination of mineral acids HNO3-HCl (1:3). The combination of mineral acids having the highest digestion to the Zn metal in the estuarine sediments of Palu River was a combination of mineral acids HNO3-HCl (1:3).

Optimization of Design for Air Gap Sensor Using the Response Surface Methodology

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kitisak Chimklin ◽  
Chatchapol Chungchoo
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Disk Drive ◽  
Air Gap ◽  
Air Pressure ◽  
Sensor Module ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Coefficient Corrélation ◽  
Air Nozzle ◽  
Experimental Values

In Hard Disk Drive (HDD) manufacturing, there is always a concern about the cutting defects that are caused by residual cutting chips. Only a small amount of 10 μm chips (act as the air gap) can cause the workpiece to tilt and shift from the correct position, and thus affect the dimension of the workpiece (mainly the Base HDD). For this reason, researchers adapted the adjustable micrometer as a simulation device that resembles the air gap for the design of the Air Gap Sensor Module. The design of experiments using response surface methodology will be studied to confirm the appropriate factors of the prototype. This study reports the optimization of the main factors that affect Air Gap Sensor Module condition: Air Nozzle Diameter 2.303 mm, Air Pressure 0.1 MPa, and Sampling Time 645 ms, which has a high square of the coefficient correlation (R-squared = 99.0%) with a close relationship between gap distance and air pressure. The relationship between these variables is mostly linear. The R-squared error percentage of actual value is less than 0.93% compared to predicted value. The mathematical model results and experimental values were consistent and able to predict response variables. The Air Gap Sensor Module can provide the measurement results in micron ccuracy and displays light and beep to confirm as acceptable or reject gap conditions with the uncertainty of measurement ± 0.001 mm.

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