(Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) fed with Aleurocanthus woglumi (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)

This study evaluated the development and reproduction of Ceraeochrysa cubana when fed the citrus blackfly Aleurocanthus woglumi. The study was carried out at the Laboratory of Entomology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba – Areia/PB. It used a completely randomized design. The study was conducted in climate chambers, regulated to 26 ± 2°C and a relative humidity of 70 ± 10% with a 12 h photoperiod. The treatments were as follows: eggs, nymphs of only the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, or 4th instars, and nymphs of multiple instars (1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th instars) of A. woglumi, with eggs of Sitotroga cerealella as a control. The 1st instar of C. cubana lasted 5.8 to 10.7 days, the 2nd instar lasted 6.0 to 13.3 days, and the 3rd instar lasted 8.2 to 18.5 days. The larvae of C. cubana did not survive when the food provided was only the eggs of A. woglumi, since the predator could not eat them. C. cubana, when provided nymphs of multiple instars (1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th instars) of the citrus blackfly, had a shorter pre-pupal period and lower longevity than when consuming the eggs of S. cerealella, but the sex ratio and oviposition period were not affected. However, changes occurred in the pre-oviposition period, the total number of eggs, and the number of viable eggs.

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Use of Chlorella sp. for coating ‘tommy atkins’ mango fruits stored under refrigeration

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2018v39n2p565 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 565 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Agda Malany Forte de Oliveira ◽

Railene Hérica Carlos Rocha ◽

Wellinghton Alves Guedes ◽

George Alves Dias ◽

José Franciraldo de Lima

Keyword(s):

Relative Humidity ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Storage Period ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Edible Coatings ◽

Fruit Maturation ◽

Chlorella Sp ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design

The number of studies on edible coatings that are used for extending the shelf life of fruits has steadily increased. For this purpose, it is necessary to choose raw materials with characteristics that maintain product quality. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of coatings of Chlorella sp. on the post-harvest conservation of ‘Tommy Atkins’ mango fruits. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design, and spray treatments (T) with 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, or 4% of Chlorella sp. were applied to the fruits. After the treatments, the fruits were stored for 28 days (21 days at 10 °C and 42% relative humidity and 7 days at 25 °C and 42% relative humidity), and were analyzed on day 28. There was higher pulp firmness in fruits as the concentration of Chlorella sp. was increased, and the concentration of ascorbic acid was comparatively higher (22.17%) in fruits treated with 3% Chlorella sp. The percentage of soluble solids and the soluble solids/titratable acidity ratio were decreased as the coating concentrations were decreased. The use of Chlorella sp. at 1% and 2% allowed fruit maturation without compromising fruit quality attributes during the 28-day storage period.

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Effect of Watering Frequency on The Growth and Yield of Oyster Mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus)

AGROSAINSTEK Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Pertanian ◽

10.33019/agrosainstek.v4i2.91 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 155-160

Author(s):

Agus Saputera ◽

Antar Sofyan ◽

Riza Adrianoor Saputra ◽

Noorkomala Sari

Keyword(s):

Relative Humidity ◽

Low Temperatures ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Oyster Mushroom ◽

Growth Time ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Wet Weight ◽

Oyster Mushrooms ◽

Completely Randomized Design

Oyster mushrooms have the conditions of growing at low temperatures and high relative humidity, so when you want to cultivate it is needed an appropriate environment for the growth and development of oyster mushroom. Banjarbaru City tends to have high temperatures with a relative humidity that tends to below. This is quite different from the requirements for growing oyster mushrooms which require low temperatures with relatively high humidity. One of the easiest and cheapest methods to maintain temperature and relative humidity to remain ideal and appropriate is to water the surrounding oyster mushrooms growing media, so knowledge of the most appropriate and ideal watering frequency for growth and development of oyster mushrooms is needed. The environmental design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), a single factor with 4 treatments, 5 replications, so that 20 experimental units were obtained. The treatments are p1 = once watering per day, p2 = twice watering per day, p3 = three times watering per day, p4 = four times watering per day. The result showed that the watering frequency gave a real difference to the growth time of oyster mushroom shoots and the wet weight of oyster mushrooms. The best treatment in accelerating the time to grow oyster mushroom shoots and increasing the wet weight of oyster mushrooms is the treatment of watering frequency four times per day.

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Effects of Perennial Intercrops on Oil Palm Agronomic and Yield Traits

Indian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.18805/ijare.a-610 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Thanet Khomphet ◽

Theera Eksomtramage ◽

Jakarat Anothai ◽

Pilalak Popet

Keyword(s):

Sex Ratio ◽

Plant Height ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Yield Traits ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Long Time ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Hopea Odorata

Background: Intercropping is wildly practiced in oil palm plantation in Thailand for a long time. However, there are few studies connected to oil palm intercropping. This study evaluated the effects of perennial intercrops on the agronomic and yield traits of oil palm.Methods: The observation used a completely randomized design with eight treatments including oil palm monocropping, oil palm intercropped with Intsia palembanica, Hopea odorata, Swietenia macrophylla, Ternstroemia wallichiana, Azardirachta excelsa, Magnolia champaca and Mesua ferrea. The height and stem perimeter of intercrops were recorded as were the plant height and diameter, number of male and female inflorescences and sex ratio of the oil palms. Those parameters were observed in October 2019, February and June 2020.Result: Oil palm intercropped with A. excelsa produced the highest number of female inflorescences and oil palm intercropped with M. champaca produced the highest sex ratio in October 2019 and February 2020, however, the differences of those parameters were not found in June 2020. There were no significant differences in the diameter, height, the number of male inflorescences throughout the observation. Among the 7 intercrops, M. champaca and A. excelsa produced the highest growth rate of plant height and stem perimeter, respectively. In conclusion, oil palm can be intercropped with perennial plants. However, more research is needed to determine the long-term effects of intercropping in oil palm.

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Studi Bioekologi Parasitoid Tetrastichus brontispae Feer (Hymenopters : Eulophidae) Terhadap Hama Brontispa longissima Gestro (Coleoptera:Chrysomelidae)

AGRICA ◽

10.37478/agr.v4i1.468 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 69-81

Author(s):

Maria Goreti Nere ◽

Yustina Maria Silvia Wonga Puu

Keyword(s):

Treatment Duration ◽

Control Method ◽

Leaf Beetle ◽

Oviposition Period ◽

Biological Parameters ◽

Average Life ◽

Biological Pest Control ◽

Average Life Span ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design

In recent years, the coconut leaf beetle (Brontispa longissima, Hymenopters: Eulophidae) has been a significant pest in Ende, Indonesia and has destroyed the majority of the coconut crop leading to overall production to decline. In 2007 coconut leaf beetle began being controlled biologically using the parasitoid Tetrastichus brontispae (Hymenopters: Eulophidae). This is now considered locally to be the most effective way to suppress pest populations of coconut leaf beetle but until now there have been no scientific studies on this biological pest control method. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of Tetratichus brontispae parasitoids as a treatment for coconut leaf beetle infestations. This research used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), which was comprised of three types of experiments. First, the average coconut leaf beetle survival rate was measured when exposed to T. brontispae at five ratios: 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, and 5:1. Researchers also measured the effect of Tetratichus brontispae treatment duration using 5treatments, namely: 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours, 96 hours, and 120 hours of repeated 10 times. 3) Observation of biological parameters of Tetratichus brontispae was conducted qualitatively. The results showed that treatment with the highest level of parasitization occurred at the ratio of 3:1, as much as 20.75% parasitization, and the lowest level parasitization effect occurred at a level of the 1:1 ratio, as low as 7.07%, with the highest percentage survivability of T. Brontispae occurring on the first day (6.48%) and the lowest on day five at 1.29%. On average, 98.13% of T. Brontispae specimens produced offspring, and an average of 32.71% of specimens gave birth each day. Tetratichus brontispae adults had an average life span of 9-11 days, had no pre- oviposition period with the oviposition period occurring until day five. Specimens would die an average of 6 days following oviposition.

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BIONOMICS OF THE JUTE YELLOW MITE, POLYPHAGOTARSONEMUS LATUS (BANKS) (ACARI: TARSONEMIDAE) IN JUTE (CORCHORUS OLITORIUS L.) AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURE-HUMIDITY

Acta Scientifica Malaysia ◽

10.26480/asm.01.2020.27.33 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 27-33

Author(s):

Md. Nazrul Islam ◽

Khandakar Shariful Islam ◽

Mahbuba Jahan ◽

Md. Sohanur Rahman

Keyword(s):

Relative Humidity ◽

Incubation Period ◽

Life Time ◽

Larval Period ◽

Oviposition Period ◽

Corchorus Olitorius ◽

Polyphagotarsonemus Latus ◽

Pupal Period ◽

Three Generations ◽

Successive Generations

The jute yellow mite Polyphagotarsonemus latus constitutes one of the major pests of jute crop in Bangladesh. The objective of this work was to study the biology of the P.latus, to determine its temperature-humidity responces in jute (Corchorus olitorius L.) var. O-9897. Bionomics of jute yellow mite, Polyphagotarsonemus laenerationtus (Banks) were studied in the laboratory of Bangladesh Jute Research Institute during March 2013 to September 2013. The incubation period of yellow mite on the variety O-9897 was 1.95 days for female and 1.90 days for male; larval period of 1.00 days for female, 0.75 days for male ; pupal period of 0.70 days for female and 0.71 days for male ; egg-adult period of 3.65 days for female and 3.44 days for male were highest in the 1st generation with 25.55±0.15oC and 56±1.47% relative humidity among three generations. pre-oviposition and oviposition period was o.65 days and 12.25 days. The highest longevity 13.45 days for female and 8.50 days for male. The daily mean of eggs were 2.20, 1.91 and 1.75 eggs in three successive generations. The number of eggs laid per female in her life time was 28.6, 24.8 and 12.2 eggs.

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Telenomus remus (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) parasitism on Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) eggs: different parasitoid and host egg ages

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n6supl2p2933 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (6Supl2) ◽

pp. 2933

Author(s):

Ana Paula de Queiroz ◽

Bruna Magda Favetti ◽

Pamela Gislaine Luski ◽

Jaciara Gonçalves ◽

Pedro Manuel Oliveira Janeiro Neves ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sex Ratio ◽

Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽

Choice Test ◽

Host Age ◽

Lack Of Information ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽

Old Females ◽

Telenomus Remus

Abstract: Release of egg parasitoids for biological control of pests is a promising technique in integrated pest management (IPM). However, there is a lack of information on the performance of parasitoid females of different ages, and specifically on the behavior of the parasitoid Telenomus remus towards pest eggs at different stages of embryonic development. Thus, the relationships between host age, parasitoid age, and parasitism by T. remus on Spodoptera frugiperda eggs were evaluated. Three separate bioassays were performed, each in a completely randomized design. In the first bioassay, T. remus females grouped by age in days (ranging from 1 to 10 days old) were offered 100 ± 20 eggs of S. frugiperda for 24 hours. In the second bioassay, 100 ± 20 eggs of S. frugiperda (24, 48 or 72 hours old) were offered to females of T. remus for 24 hours. In the third bioassay, 24, 48- and 72-hour-old host eggs of S. frugiperda were offered to T. remus females in a choice test. The variables evaluated were: number of parasitized eggs, parasitoid emergence (%), and sex ratio of progeny in bioassays 1 and 2, and the number of eggs parasitized in bioassay 3. The age of T. remus females did not affect the number of S. frugiperda eggs parasitized or emergence of the progeny. However, the sex ratio was more male-biased in the progeny of 1- and 2-day-old females compared to older wasps. In bioassay 2, the highest parasitism was observed in 24- and 48-hour-old eggs. Percentage emergence and sex ratios were not influenced by the ages of the eggs tested. Telenomus remus preferred to parasitize 24-hour-old eggs in bioassays 3. Overall, the age of T. remus females tested did not affect the parasitism of S. frugiperda eggs, but the number of eggs parasitized decreased with increasing host age.

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Simultaneous optimization of coffee quality variables during storage

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental ◽

10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v21n1p56-60 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 56-60 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Giselle F. de Abreu ◽

Sttela D. V. F. da Rosa ◽

Marcelo A. Cirillo ◽

Marcelo R. Malta ◽

Aline C. S. Clemente ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Relative Humidity ◽

Storage Period ◽

Storage Conditions ◽

Simultaneous Optimization ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Coffee Beans ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Ripe Stage ◽

Coffea Arabica L ◽

The Ideal

ABSTRACT The objective of the study was to use methodology of simultaneous optimization of multiple responses applied to an experimental design to determine the best combination of storage period and conditions for preservation of coffee beans. Coffea arabica L. fruits were harvested in the ripe stage of maturation, processed using wet and dry methods, and dried to 11% (wet basis) moisture content. Part of the beans was hulled, while the other part was hulled only after the beans were stored under two different environmental conditions: cooled air at 10 ºC with 50% relative humidity; and at 25 ºC without controlling the relative humidity. Samples were taken at 3, 6, and 12 months intervals in order to evaluate quality. The data were submitted to the simultaneous optimization of responses for each processing and hulling condition separately, in a completely randomized design and 2 x 3 factorial scheme (two storage conditions and three storage periods). In conclusion, the use of the simultaneous optimization of responses is viable to be applied for determining the ideal storage conditions in a refrigerated condition.

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Alternative to formaldehyde in artificial diet for sugarcane borer and its effects on the parasitoid

Comunicata Scientiae ◽

10.14295/cs.v8i1.1740 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 194-201 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wellington Ivo Eduardo ◽

Renato Franco Oliveira de Moraes ◽

Luiz Fernando Veloso Almeida ◽

Josy Aparecida dos Santos ◽

Rafael Ferreira dos Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sex Ratio ◽

Artificial Diet ◽

Deionized Water ◽

Potassium Sorbate ◽

Standard Diet ◽

Artificial Diets ◽

Sugarcane Borer ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Pupal Mass

The formaldehyde used as anti-contaminant agent in artificial diets of insects can cause serious risks to human health. However, there are products with the same purpose, but with less toxicity to humans. In this sense, the aim of this study was to evaluate the biological parameters of Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius, 1794) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) fed on an artificial diet containing different anti-infective agents to replace the formaldehyde, as well as analyze the effects on its parasitoid Cotesia flavipes (Cameron, 1891) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). The experiment was conducted under a completely randomized design, studying the anti-contaminant agents: sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate, 2-phenylphenol, and formaldehyde (standard diet), with deionized water as control. The larvae of sugarcane borer were fed on diets with the cited agents, and were daily observed for: larval and pupal periods, larval and pupal viabilities, number of unviable larvae, longevity, pupae weight, sex ratio and the adults fecundity. To analyze the effects of the anti-contaminant agents on the C. flavipes parasitoid, 50 larvae of sugarcane borer were parasitized and daily observed until the parasitoid pupae formation, being evaluated: number of adults emerged per pupal mass, longevity and sex ratio. D. saccharalis larvae are positively influenced by replacing formaldehyde to 2-phenylphenol in their diet, not causing significant deleterious effects to C. flavipes.

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Uji Banding Ekstrak Bawang Hitam dan Ekstrak Bawang Putih (Allium sativum) Sebagai Antifungi Terhadap Pertumbuhan Candida albicans

Journal of Pharmacy and Science ◽

10.53342/pharmasci.v4i2.147 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 101-104

Author(s):

Purity Sabila A ◽

Ngadiani . ◽

Fradina Fitri Budiarti

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Relative Humidity ◽

Allium Sativum ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Additional Treatment ◽

Garlic Extract ◽

Herbaceous Plant ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRAKPenyakit infeksi telah menjadi salah satu masalah kesehatan terbesar. Pemberian antibiotik dalam jangka waktu yang lama dan dilakukan secara tidak rasional dapat menimbulkan masalah baru, yaitu munculnya patogen yang bersifat resisten. Oleh karena itu, pengobatan alternatif dengan menggunakan bahan dan tanaman herbal saat ini banyak digunakan. Bawang putih termasuk dalam familia Liliaceae merupakan tanaman herba parenial yang membentuk umbi lapis. Bawang putih sudah dikenal memiliki potensi medis dan dipercaya dapat berperan sebagai antifungi karena mengandung allicin didalamnya. Sedangkan bawang hitam merupakan bawang putih yang telah dipanaskan pada suhu 65-80ºC dengan kelembaban relatif 70-80% selama 30-40 hari tanpa perlakuan tambahan apapun. Bawang hitam memiliki sifat antibakteri lebih kuat, serta antioksidan dua kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan bawang putih biasa karena mengandung S-allycysteine. Peneliti tertarik mengangkat judul penelitian ini dengan tujuan untuk menguji kemampuan ekstrak bawang putih dan bawang hitam pada konsentrasi 25%, 50%, 75%, dan 100% terhadap pertumbuhan Candida albicans. Penelitian ini mengunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dan menggunakan uji lanjut BNT dan didapatkan hasil bahwa bawang hitam terbukti lebih baik menghambat pertumbuhan Candida albicans.Kata kunci : antifungi, ekstrak bawang hitam, ekstrak bawang putih, Candida albicansABSTRACTInfectious diseases have become one of the biggest health problems. Giving antibiotics in the long term and done irrationally can cause new problems, namely the emergence of resistant pathogens. Therefore, alternative treatments using herbal materials and plants are now widely used. Garlic included in the familia Liliaceae is a parenial herbaceous plant that forms tuber bulbs. Garlic is already known to have medical potential and is believed to act as antifungal due to its allicin content. While the black onion is garlic that has been heated at a temperature of 65-80 º C with a relative humidity of 70-80% for 30-40 days without any additional treatment. Black onions have stronger antibacterial properties, as well as antioxidants two times higher than regular garlic as they contain S-allycysteine. Researchers are interested in raising the title of this study with the aim to test the ability of both extracts at concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% on the growth of Candida albicans. This study used Completely Randomized Design and using BNT advanced test showed that black onions proved to be better inhibiting the growth of Candida albicans.Key words ; antifungi, black garlic extract, garlic extract, Candida albicans

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SEX REVERSAL IN SIAMESE FIGHTING FISH LARVAE BY THERMAL MANAGEMENT

Boletim do Instituto de Pesca ◽

10.20950/1678-2305/bip.2021.47.e676 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 47 ◽

pp. e676

Author(s):

Igor de Fiuza FRANÇA ◽

Guilherme Melgaço HELUY ◽

Érica Beatriz SCHULTZ ◽

Wilson de Oliveira VIANNA ◽

Marcelo Maia PEREIRA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sex Ratio ◽

Thermal Management ◽

Fish Larvae ◽

Betta Splendens ◽

Thermal Treatments ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Males And Females ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Newly Hatched Larvae ◽

Number Of Males

The present study evaluated the influence of thermal management during the larviculture of Betta splendens on survival and sex ratio, aiming to increase the proportion of males. Newly hatched larvae were subjected to different thermal regimes, namely, T25, T28, T30 and T33 (25, 28, 30 and 33ºC, respectively). The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design, with 4 treatments and 10 repetitions. Thermal treatment was maintained until 15 days post-hatch (DPH). Mortality was determined at the end of the thermal regime and again at 45 DPH. At the end of the experiment, the number of males and females obtained in the different thermal treatments was counted to analyze the obtained sex ratio. There was a significant effect on mortality as a function of temperature only at 15 DPH (p <0.001), with the lowest values recorded in treatments T25, T28 and T30. In terms of sex ratio, up to 65% of males were obtained in treatment T33 (p = 0.037). In conclusion, thermal management during the larval period can be a strategy to increase the proportion of males, but the increase in mortality due to the rise in temperature should be considered.

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