scholarly journals Action of exogenous oxytocin on stress modulation in crossbred Red Angus cows

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 3209
Author(s):  
Janne Paula Neres de Barros ◽  
Rita de Cássia Campbell Machado Botteon ◽  
Bruno Ferreira Spíndola ◽  
Erica Bertha Führich Raupp Oliveira ◽  
João Telhado Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Human Contact ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Red Angus

Cattle (Bos taurus and Bos indicus) are organised on the basis of leadership and dominance in such a manner that a disturbance by an external stressor causes negative effects on their health, productivity, well-being, and behaviour. One of these effects is the excessive release of glucocorticoids, which results in increased alertness. We evaluated the action of exogenous oxytocin (OT) on serum cortisol levels in crossbred Red Angus heifers. Twelve Red Angus crossbred heifers were moved daily from the pasture to the corral in weeks 1 and 2 for adaptation to human contact and handling in the cattle crush. In weeks 3 and 4, they were divided into two groups of six (T1 and T2). The T1 group was administered 20 IU (2 mL) of OT via intramuscular injection and the T2 group was administered 2 mL of saline solution 0.85% (SS). In weeks 5 and 6, they were only contained in the cattle crush for evaluation. On days 01, 07, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42, blood samples were collected by jugular venepuncture in vacuum tubes without anticoagulants. Then, serum cortisol levels were measured using a radioimmunoassay. In the period of adaptation, during weeks 1 and 2, serum cortisol levels decreased in both the groups, with higher levels in the SS group; the same result was obtained in weeks 5 and 6. During treatment, however, there was a significant difference between the two groups in week 4, with a reduction in cortisol levels in the OT group. This result suggests a modulator effect of OT on neuroendocrine response to stress.

scholarly journals Comparison of cortisol levels in patients with vasovagal syncope and postural tachycardia syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Humaira Fayyaz ◽  
Shazadi Ambreen ◽  
Hammad Raziq ◽  
Azmat Hayyat
Keyword(s):  
Vasovagal Syncope ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Tilt Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Postural Tachycardia Syndrome ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Postural Tachycardia ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cortisol Levels

Objectives: To compare the levels of cortisol in patients of vasovagal syncope (VVS) and postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS). Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at Islamic International Medical College, Rawalpindi and Electrophysiology Department at (AFIC). This study included 80 subjects, comprising of 35 patients in each group of vasovagal syncope and postural tachycardia syndrome and 10 healthy subjects. Patients with complaint of syncope was evaluated for vasovagal syncope and postural tachycardia syndrome using Head Up Tilt Test (HUTT). Blood samples of all the participants were taken and serum cortisol was analyzed using ELISA method. Results were analyzed on SPSS Statistics 21 using ANOVA with a p-value of ≤0.05 regarded as significant. Results: Hormonal analysis shows that cortisol levels in the vasovagal, postural tachycardia syndrome and in control group was 153±16.7pg/ml, 160.17±pg/ml, and 69.65±5.8pg/ml respectively. Cortisol levels were significantly higher in both vasovagal and POTS groups as compared to controls with a p-value of 0.04 and 0.023 respectively. However, there was no significant difference between vasovagal and POTS patients with p value 0.570. Conclusion: It is concluded from the study that cortisol responses of VVS and POTS were positive. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.1.4122 How to cite this:Khan HF, Ambreen S, Raziq H, Hayat A. Comparison of cortisol levels in patients with vasovagal syncope and postural tachycardia syndrome. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(1):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.1.4122 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

scholarly journals An approach to stress assessment during hunting: Cortisol levels of wild boar (Sus scrofa) during drive hunts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine Güldenpfennig ◽  
Marion Schmicke ◽  
Martina Hoedemaker ◽  
Ursula Siebert ◽  
Oliver Keuling
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Cortisol Level ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Lower Saxony ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
Wildlife Species ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
The Impact

AbstractOnly little is known about the effect of stress (both short-term and long-term) on wildlife species. To get an idea of stress in wildlife, we investigated the cortisol level of wild boar during drive hunts in Lower Saxony, Germany. Cortisol as one of the main stress hormone in mammals is considered to have negative impacts on the animal’s well-being if expressed excessively (repeatedly over a longer period). We analysed serum cortisol levels of 115 samples using a radioimmunoassay and compared sampling month, hunting grounds, age classes and sexes, as well as possible correlations between cortisol level and weight and pregnancy status of female wild boar. We found that cortisol levels during these drive hunts exhibit wide variation. The mean cortisol level was 411.16 nmol/L with levels ranging from 30.60 nmol/L (minimum) to 1,457.92 nmol/L (maximum). Comparing age groups and sexes, we found significant differences between the sexes, with females having a higher cortisol levels than males. After grouping age groups and sexes together, we also found significant differences based on the age-sex group. We found no correlation between cortisol levels and weight, but significantly higher cortisol levels in pregnant females compared to non-pregnant females. No differences were found between sampling months and locations, respectively. These results show the impact of drive hunts on stress in wild boar; nevertheless, this impact of drive hunts as performed in most parts of Central Europe seems to be not as high as imagined. Still, we need more information about cortisol levels and stress in (hunted) wildlife species.

The effects of genotype, age, pregnancy, lactation and rumen characteristics on voluntary intake of roughage diets by cattle

1986 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 549 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Hunter ◽  
BD Siebert
Keyword(s):  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Heteropogon Contortus ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Rate Of Decline ◽  
Brahman Steers

The effects of genotype, age and liveweight, pregnancy and lactation on the voluntary feed intake by cattle of roughage diets of different qualities were studied in a number of experiments. The diets ranged from poor quality (low-nitrogen, high-fibre) spear grass (Heteropogon contortus) hay on which intakes were low ( 1 1 g DM/kg liveweight (LW)) to good quality lucerne (Medicago sativa) hay (26 g DM/kg LW). On the poorest-quality diet, differences in intake between Bos taurus and Bos indicus were not significant. However, on the higher quality diets Herefords (Bos taurus) ate significantly (P < 0.05) more than Brahmans (Bos indicus). In addition, as the quality of the diet improved from speargrass through to lucerne, the breed difference in favour of the Herefords became progressively greater and the variability between animals progressively smaller as a proportion of intake. Another study showed that with increasing age and liveweight of steers, intake per unit body weight declined, the rate of decline being significantly (P < 0.05) greater on good-quality lucerne compared to a poor-quality speargrass diet. There was no significant difference between Aberdeen Angus (Bos taurus) and Brahman steers in the rate of decline of intake of each diet with increasing age and liveweight of the steers. Another experiment which measured intake of pregnant and lactating heifers showed that the amount of feed eaten by pregnant heifers increased with increasing liveweight in late pregnancy, with intake per unit liveweight remaining constant. Lactating cows ate 35% more on a liveweight basis than their nonpregnant, non-lactating counterparts. These results are discussed in relation to mechanisms which control intake of roughage diets in ruminants, especially those associated with energy metabolism.

scholarly journals Utilization of low-quality roughage byBos taurusandBos indicuscattle

1985 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 649-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Hunter ◽  
B. D. Siebert
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Mean Retention Time ◽  
Digitaria Decumbens ◽  
Breed Difference ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

1. In a number of experiments voluntary food intake of three low-quality roughages, either alone or supplemented with rumen-degradable nitrogen and sulphur and minerals, was measured in Brahman (Bos indicus) and Hereford (Bos taurus) steers. The chaffed hays were Spear grass (Heteropogon conform) (6.2 g N/kg organic matter (OM)), Pangola grass (Digitaria decumbens) (7.9 g N/kg OM), and Pangola grass (12.0 g N/kg OM). Rumen characteristics relating to rate of fluid outflow from the rumen were also determined.2. There was no significant difference between breeds in the dry-matter intakes of the unsupplemented diets which ranged from 11.3 to 17.8 g/kg body-weight (BW) by Herefords and from 11.8 to 16.1 g/kg BW by Brahmans.3. Supplementation of Spear grass with N and S significantly (P < 0.05) increased intake by Herefords (24%) but not by Brahmans. When the lower-N Pangola grass was supplemented there was a significant increase in intake by both breeds with the magnitude of the response in Herefords (42%) (P < 0.001) being greater than that in Brahmans (15%) (P < 0.05). The intakes of both the supplemented Spear grass and the lower-N Pangola diets were significantly (P < 0.05) greater by Herefords than Brahmans. There was no breed difference in intake when the higher-N Pangola grass was supplemented. Both breeds recorded an 8% intake response to supplementation, although the increase was only significant (P < 0.05) in Herefords.4. The mean retention time of fluid in the rumen on the unsupplemented Pangola grass diet of lower N content was 12.7 h in Brahmans compared with 17.5 h in Herefords (P < 0.01). When the higher-N Pangola was fed, both alone and supplemented, the mean retention times were similar on both diets (10.5 and 9.9 h for Herefords; 9.5 and 8.1 h for Brahmans for unsupplemented and supplemented diets respectively).5. Plasma urea concentrations were higher in Brahmans than in Herefords on all diets. Rumen ammonia concentrations were significantly (P < 0.001) higher in Brahmans than Herefords when the lower-N Pangola grass diet was unsupplemented.6. The intakes and the variable intake responses to supplementation between breeds and diets are discussed in relation to a number of animal and dietary factors.

Effect of Interferential Current on Perceived Pain and Serum Cortisol Associated with Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness

1997 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randy J. Schmitz ◽  
David E. Martin ◽  
David H. Perrin ◽  
Ali Iranmanesh ◽  
Alan D. Rogol
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness ◽  
Delayed Onset ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Perceived Pain ◽  
Interferential Current ◽  
Cortisol Levels

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of interferential current (IFC) on perceived pain and serum Cortisol levels in subjects with delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). DOMS was induced in 10 subjects through repeated eccentric contractions of the elbow flexors. Forty-eight hours later subjects were evaluated. Starting at t = 0:00, blood samples were withdrawn from a superficial vein every 5 min for 65 min. At t = 0:05, subjects received IFC of 10 bps or IFC of 100 bps. Perceived pain levels were evaluated prior to catheter insertion and at t = 0:35, 0:50, and 0:65. Two mixed-model analyses of variance revealed a significant decrease in perceived pain scores across time for both treatment groups but no significant difference in serum Cortisol for the two groups. It was concluded that IFC of high and low beat frequency is effective in controlling the pain of DOMS but does not elicit a generalized stress response as indexed by increasing serum Cortisol levels.

scholarly journals Comparison of morphine and fentanyl in attenuation of Intra operative stress response under general anesthesia: A randomized double blinded study

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 65-68
Author(s):  
R Krishna Prabu ◽  
P Rani ◽  
NP Madhu
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Elective Surgery ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Blinded Study ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Double Blinded

Background: This randomized double blinded study was done to compare the effect of intravenous morphine and fentanyl in attenuation of stress response during surgeries under general anesthesia in adults. The attenuation of stress response was analyzed with changes in serum cortisol and glucose levels one hour after induction of anesthesia. Methods: Fifty consented healthy volunteers in age group 20-50, under ASA I and ASA II posted for elective surgery were included in the study. Two groups of 25 each, group M who received 0.2 mg/kg body weight of morphine and group F who received 2 microgram/kg body weight of fentanyl before anaesthetic induction were compared. The members of two groups were randomly allocated and double blinded using sealed envelope technique. Blood samples were collected for baseline glucose and cortisol in all the subjects. One hour after the administration of study drugs, which was given at the time of induction blood samples were collected for analysis of glucose and cortisol. The changes in blood glucose and serum cortisol levels were compared at the end of the study using independent samples ‘t’ test. Results: There was no significant difference in blood sugar levels in both groups at the end of 1 hour. But there was significant increase in serum cortisol levels in group F compared to group M. Conclusion: This study concludes that morphine is better than fentanyl in attenuation of Intraoperative stress by effectively controlling serum cortisol levels. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i4.9796 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2014 Vol.5(4); 65-68

Swallowed glucocorticoid therapy for eosinophilic esophagitis in children does not suppress adrenal function

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (9-10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Q. Philla ◽  
Steve B. Min ◽  
Jody N. Hefner ◽  
Robin S. Howard ◽  
Brian J. Reinhardt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eosinophilic Esophagitis ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Adrenal Function ◽  
Glucocorticoid Therapy ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Glucocorticoid Treatment ◽  
Daily Range ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cortisol Levels

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine the effect of chronic swallowed glucocorticoids on adrenal function during the treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) in children.Serum cortisol levels were obtained in children with EoE pre- and post-treatment with swallowed glucocorticoids. Exclusion criteria included those on any additional steroid therapy. Once diagnosed with EoE by esophageal biopsy, subjects were treated based on current standard of care with either swallowed fluticasone or budesonide. At the time of follow-up, esophagogastroduodenoscopy and blood sampling was repeated. Both pre- and post-treatment serum cortisol samples were collected fasting, between 07:00 and 10:00, and determined using a competitive binding method assay. The distribution of differences in cortisol levels between the pre- and post-treatment samples satisfied the assumption for normality and were subsequently analyzed using the paired t-test.Pre- and post-treatment serum cortisol levels were examined in 14 children who met clinical and histological diagnostic criteria for EoE. Mean age was 10.1 years (range 2–17 years) with 71% male and 29% female subjects. Swallowed glucocorticoid treatment included fluticasone in 79% and budesonide in 21% of subjects. Mean dosage of fluticasone was 704 μg daily (range 220–880 μg daily) and budesonide 0.8 mg daily (range 0.5–1 mg daily), along with a mean treatment length of 17 weeks (range 8–43 weeks). No significant difference in serum cortisol was found following treatment with swallowed fluticasone or budesonide (mean change 1.9 μg/dL, p=0.75, SD of the change=21.2).Swallowed glucocorticoid therapy does not appear to significantly affect the adrenal axis in children, and therefore, may represent a safe therapy for EoE.

scholarly journals A study of serum cortisol levels in patients with lichen planus

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Swaroopa Subhash ◽  
R. S. Bindu ◽  
Pradeep S. Nair ◽  
Anuja Elizabeth George
Keyword(s):  
Lichen Planus ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Serum Cortisol Level ◽  
Oral Lesions ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
And Gender

Objectives: Primary objective was to compare between the serum cortisol levels in patients with lichen planus (LP) and normal subjects. The secondary objective was to compare between the serum cortisol levels of LP patients with and without oral lesions. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional analytical study comparing the serum cortisol levels in patients with LP with that of age- and gender-matched normal subjects who attended a tertiary referral centre. Results: There were a total of 52 patients with LP in this study. The mean age was 48.1 ± 12.6 years. Male/female ratio was 1:1.9. Fifteen (28.8%) patients gave a history of recent stress in the 1 month before the onset of illness. Classical LP (34, 65.4%) was the most common type. Oral cavity was involved in 24 patients (46.2%). The mean serum cortisol level of patients with LP was higher than the same noted in age- and gender-matched normal subjects and this was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Statistically significant difference (P = 0.02) was noted between the serum cortisol levels of patients with different types of LP. No significant difference in the cortisol levels was observed between LP patients with and without oral lesions. Limitations: The main limitation of the study was the small sample size. Conclusion: This study showed a significant increase in serum cortisol levels in patients with LP when compared to normal subjects, while no significant difference was noted in cortisol levels between LP patients with and without oral lesions.

Digestion of mature pangola grass (Digitaria decumbens) by Bos taurus and Bos indicus cattle

1986 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 665 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Hunter ◽  
BD Siebert
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Nitrogen Flow ◽  
Tropical Grasses ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Digitaria Decumbens ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Flow Through

The digestion of mature pangola grass (Digitaria decurnbens) by Hereford (Bos taurus) and Brahman (Bos indicus) steers was studied. There was no significant difference between breeds in the digestion of organic matter (OM) and cell wall constituents (CWC). The OM digestibility in the whole tract was 0.59 with 90% of the digestion occurring in the stomachs. There was a significantly (P < 0.05) greater nonammonia nitrogen flow through the abomasum in Herefords (66 g/day) than Brahmans (59 g/day). Likewise the ratio of crude protein digested in the intestines to digestible OM (DCPi:DOMI) was higher (P < 0.05) in Herefords (0.120) than in Brahmans (0.102). In both breeds 66% of the nitrogen associated with the CWC was digested in the whole tract, essentially all digestion occurring in the stomachs. These results for pangola grass, especially the DCPi:DOMI ratios, are compared with the digestion characteristics of other tropical grasses and are discussed in terms of the capacity of tropical grasses to meet the protein requirements of growing cattle.

scholarly journals Época de nascimento, genótipo e sexo de terneiros cruzas taurinos e zebuínos sobre o peso ao nascer, à desmama e eficiência individual de primíparas Hereford

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1117-1121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilson de Mendonça ◽  
Marcelo Alves Pimentel ◽  
Ricardo Alberto Cardellino ◽  
José Carlos da Silveira Osório
Keyword(s):  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Red Angus ◽  
E 32

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da época de nascimento, genótipo e sexo do terneiro sobre a eficiência individual das vacas à desmama (relação percentual entre o peso do terneiro à desmama e o peso da vaca), peso ao nascer e peso à desmama dos terneiros. Foram utilizadas 48 vacas da raça Hereford (Bos taurus), com idade de três anos, manejadas sobre campo natural, 16 inseminadas com um touro da raça Red Angus (Bos taurus) e 32 com Nelore (Bos indicus). Os fatores estudados foram genótipo do terneiro (GENOT) - Bos taurus x Bos taurus e Bos taurus x Bos indicus, época de nascimento (EPOCN) subdividida em três períodos - 1S (setembro), 2O (outubro) e 3N (novembro) e sexo do terneiro (SEXO). A produção de leite (PL) foi incluída como co-variável. Foram realizadas dez medidas de produção de leite pelo método indireto pesagem - mamada - pesagem e onze medidas de peso para vacas e terneiros, em intervalos de 21 dias. Os fatores que influenciaram significativamente o PN foram GENOT e SEXO (P<0,05). O P205 sofreu influência significativa da EPOCN, SEXO e PL (P<0,05). A EI foi influenciada significativamente pela EPOCN, SEXO e PL até 147 dias (P<0,05). Concluiu-se que genótipo e sexo dos terneiros influenciam o peso ao nascer. O peso à desmama e a eficiência das vacas são influenciados pelo sexo e época de nascimento, mas não pelo genótipo dos terneiros.

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