Bio-economic assessment of sheep supplementation in marandu palisadegrass pastures

Goal was to evaluate the effect of mineral and/or energy-protein supplementation on intake, behavior, production response, pH, rumen ammonia and production cost of sheep. Twenty female lambs and five rumen-cannulated lambs were used to test supplementation effects on weight gain and nutritional characteristics, respectively. Treatments evaluated were: mineral mixture, supplement with 20 and 25% of crude protein offered at 0.5 and 1.0% of body weight. Supplementation at 1.0% of body weight reduced forage intake. Average daily gain were: -58.33, -1.07, -9.53, 19.27 and 34.73 g day-1 per animal, for mineral mixture, supplements with 20 and 25% of crude protein supplied at 0.5% of body weight and 20 and 25% crude protein provided at 1.0% of body weight, respectively. Rumen pH for all supplements was maintained above 6.20. Values of rumen ammonia nitrogen were 5.10, 9.48, 11.54, 17.51 and 22.45 mg dL-1 for supplements: mineral mixture, 20 and 25% of crude protein provided at 0.5% of body weight and 20 and 25% of crude protein supplied at 1.0% of body weight, respectively. The best economic return was obtained with the supplement 25% of crude protein provided at 1.0% of body weight.

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Body composition and net and dietary macrominerals requirements of Nellore steers under grazing

Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/s1516-35982009000600016 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 38 (6) ◽

pp. 1081-1087 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Vitor Visintin Silva de Almeida ◽

Augusto César de Queiroz ◽

Robério Rodrigues Silva ◽

Fabiano Ferreira da Silva ◽

Aline Cardoso Oliveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Reference Group ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

The Body ◽

Regression Equations ◽

Animal Body ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Dietary Requirements ◽

Mineral Mixture ◽

Daily Gain

This experiment was carried out with the objective of determining the macrominerals (Ca, P, Mg, K and Na) requirements of Nellore steers under grazing. Twenty four Nellore steers (371 ± 14 kg of BW and 26 mo old) were used. Four steers were slaughtered at the beginning of the experiment (reference group), serving as a reference in subsequent study. The remaining 20 animals were weighed and distributed into a completely randomized design with four supplementation levels offer: 0.0 (mineral mixture - control), 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9% of BW, with five replications. The supplements, based on ground corn, soybean meal and/or urea, were previously balanced to achieve an average daily gain of 350, 650 and 850g, respectively, for the different supplementation levels offer. The contents of macrominerals retained in the animal body were determined by regression equations of the macrominerals body content logarithm in function of the empty body weight logarithm (EBW). Net macrominerals requirements for a gain of 1kg of EBW were obtained using the equation Y'= b.10ª.Xb-1, with a and b, respectively, the intercept and the regression coefficient of the prediction equations of macrominerals in the animal body contents for each macromineral considered. The concentrations of all macrominerals, in the empty body weight and gain of the empty body weight, decreased with the increase in the body weight. Total calcium and phosphorus dietary requirements are higher than those recommended in the literature.

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Intake and digestibility of crossbred goats finished on caatinga grassland receiving feed supplementation during dry season

Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal ◽

10.1590/s1519-99402016000300014 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 484-496 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Daniel Cézar da SILVA ◽

Adriana GUIM ◽

Gladston Rafael de Arruda SANTOS ◽

Evaristo Jorge de Oliveira SOUZA ◽

Stela Antas URBANO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Substitution Effect ◽

Ether Extract ◽

Final Body Weight ◽

Feed Supplementation ◽

Total Carbohydrates

SUMMARY It was evaluated the effect of feed supplementation at 0.4; 0.8 and 1.2% of body weight (BW) on intake and digestibility of crossbred goats finished on caatinga, in relation to crossbred goats not supplemented (0.0% of BW). Thirty-two crossbred, Anglo-Nubian goats were used, eight months old and with body weight of 18 ± 2.5 kg, organised into randomised blocks, which were kept on 37 hectares of caatinga from 7 h to 16 h. Intake of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, neutral and acid detergent fibre, total carbohydrates and total digestible nutrients was influenced (P<0.05) by the levels of feed supplementation, with linear increases of 202.31; 179.42; 25.05; 11.83; 35.79; 12.27; 142.63 and 166.79 g animal-1 day-1 respectively. There was a substitution effect (P<0.05) on dry matter intake when using feed supplementation at 0.7% BW. Feed supplementation resulted in positive linear effect (P<0.05) for digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, total carbohydrates, total digestible-nutrient content and digestible energy, with an increase of 17.15; 16.64; 19.07; 44.74; 15.15 and 17.56% for dry matter, and 0.69 Mcal kg-1 of dry matter respectively. Final body weight, total gain and average daily gain, showed a linear increase (P<.005) of 2.60, 3.09 and 0.036 kg per percentage point of each additional level of supplement. Feed supplementation increases the intake and digestibility of total dry matter and nutrients, a fact that makes greater performance possible, and recommends use up to a level of 0.7% BW to avoid any substitution effect.

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Pengaruh Suplementasi Ampas Tahu, Ampas Tempe dan Ampas Kecap dalam Ransum Terhadap Performan Domba Lokal Jantan

Sains Peternakan ◽

10.20961/sainspet.5.1.1-9 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Eka Handayanta

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion Ratio ◽

Soy Sauce ◽

Feed Consumption ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Daily Gain

The aim of this research to determine the effect of supplementation of tofu. tempe, and soy sauce waste in ration on male local sheep performance. This research was carried out during three month, take place on July until October 200E in Minifarm Dept. of Animal Science, Agriculture Faculty of Sebelas Maret University, located in Jatikuwung. Gondangrejo, Karanganyar. It used 12 male local sheeps with average body weight of 15.86 ±0.93 kg, divided into four treatments and three replications, each replication consist of one sheep. The ration consisted of king grass only as basal diet, as many as four percent base on body weight. The treatment given is in the form of feed supplement, that namely without supplement (RO), 250 gram tofu waste (R1), 250 gram tempe waste (R2), and 250 gram soy sauce waste (R3). The data variables collected were feed consumption, dry and organic matter digestibility, crude protein consumption, energy consumption, average daily gain, and feed conversion ratio. All of data except average daily gain was analyzed by completely randomized design one way classification. While average daily gain was analyzed by covariance analyze. The result were significant followed by Duncan new multiple range test. The result showed that average of R0, RI, R2 and R3 for feed consumption 430.52; 720.44; 704.44; 549.08 gram/day, dry matter digestibility (%) 61,07; 72,46; 69,68: 63,60, organic matter digestibility (%) 64,41: 74,94; 72.41; 64,7 1, crude protein consumption 47.66; 106.77; 85.83; 73.70 gram/day, energy consumption 281.82; 482.65; 432.67; 330.83 gram/day, average daily gain 50.00.1X00: 116.19; 38.10 gram/day and feed conversion ratio 8.74; 5.61; 6.06; 15.2. The result of variance analyze showed that feed supplementation have highly significant effect (P<0.01) on all of the data variable colected. Conclusion of this research was supplementation of tofu waste and tempe waste could improved performance, while soy sauce waste could not improved the performance of male local sheep. Key words : sheep, tofu waste, tempe waste, soy sauce waste, performance

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Digestive parameters during gestation of Holstein heifers

10.1101/2020.04.20.050773 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jéssica Marcela Vieira Pereira ◽

Marcos Inácio Marcondes ◽

Sebastião de Campos Valadares Filho ◽

Joel Caton ◽

Anna Luiza Lacerda Sguizzato ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Body Weight ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Repeated Measurements ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Esterified Fatty Acids

AbstractOur objective was to estimate nutrient intake, ruminal flow, total apparent and ruminal digestibility, rates of passage and digestion, ruminal and omasal pH, blood metabolite concentrations, and body measurements during gestation of Holstein heifers. Eleven pregnant Holstein heifers, 8 of which fitted with a rumen cannula (450 ± 27.6 kg of body weight and 20 ± 3.5 months of initial age) were used. All heifers received the same diet composed of corn silage, soybean meal, corn meal, minerals and vitamins, with a corn silage:concentrate ratio of 50:50 (on a dry matter basis), aiming an average daily gain of approximately 1.0 kg. The sampling periods were established according to the days of gestation: 145, 200, and 255 with a duration of 10 days per period. Total fecal samples were collected to estimate dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, and neutral detergent fiber digestibility. Blood samples were collected to analyze metabolites (non-esterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, urea, and glucose). Data were analyzed as a repeated measurements scheme, using MIXED procedure, with differences declared when P < 0.05. Dry matter intake expressed in kg/day increased from d-145 to d-200, and remaining stable until d-255 of gestation. The same results were observed for organic matter and crude protein intake, increasing 15.0 and 35.8% respectively. In contrast, when dry matter intake was evaluated as % body weight, we observed a decrease of 16.7% from d-200 to d-255. Days of gestation did not influence ruminal flow of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, and neutral detergent fiber. We observed an increase in the ruminal digestibility of neutral detergent fiber by 20.5%. The apparent total-tract digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein changed over days of gestation, with an increase of 11.9, 8.5, and 9.8%, respectively, when comparing d-145 with d-200. The rate of digestion of neutral detergent fiber increased from 2.0 to 3.5% h-1. Glucose levels decreased, while β-hydroxybutirate and non-esterified fatty acids increased from d-145 to d-255. In conclusion, our results demonstrate a reduction in dry matter intake in % body weight due to pregnancy. It also shows an increase in total apparent digestibility through gestation, which imply a greater efficiency of use of nutrients by pregnant animals. Thus, further research is still needed to consolidate such results and to elucidate the mechanism about nutrient usage during the final third of gestation in heifers.

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Penampilan Produksi Sapi PO dan PFH Jantan yang Mendapat Pakan Konsentrat dan ”Hay” Rumput Gajah

Sains Peternakan ◽

10.20961/sainspet.8.1.1-7 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

R Adiwinarti ◽

I P Kusuma ◽

C M Sri Lestari

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Protein Intake ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

The Body ◽

Napier Grass ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Grass Hay

This research has been done during August 2004 - January 2005 at Laboratorium Ilmu Ternak Potong dan Kerja, Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Diponegoro Semarang. The study was set up to investigate the performance of ongole crossbred and Friesian Holstein crossbred young bulls fed concentrate and Napier grass hay. This research used 4 yearling ongole crossbred (PO) bulls with the initial body weight: 228,17 + 14,77 kg (CV = 6,47%) and 4 yearling friesian holstein crossbred (PFH) bulls with the body weight: 196,34 + 7,64 kg (CV = 3,89%). The Independent Sample Comparisons was used in this study. Those bulls were fed 30% hay of Napier grass and 70% concentrate made of “bungkil kelapa sawit” (80%) and rice bran (20%). The ration was given based on dry matter need, 2.5% of the body weight. Parameters observed were the average daily gain (ADG), feed intake (dry matter intake, crude protein intake, Total Digestible Nutrients’ 2 Sains Peternakan Vol.8 (1), Maret 2010 intake) and feed conversion. Data were analyzed using t-test; except for feed conversion was analyzed deskriptifely.The result indicated that those cattle fed concentrate and Napier grass had ADG and feed intake relatively similar. The average of ADG PO bulls were 0.21 kg and PFH bulls were 0.22 kg. Dry matter intakes of PO and PFH bulls were 3.33 kg/day and 2.83 kg/day. Crude protein intake of PO bulls were 0,45 kg/day and that of PFH bulls were 0,38 kg/day, whereas TDN intake of PO bulls were 1,93 kg/day and PFH bulls were 1,20 kg/day. Feed conversion of PO bulls was 15.86 and that of PFH bulls was 12.86. It can be concluded that the performance of Ongole crossbred and Friesian Holstein crossbred young bulls fed concentrate and Napier grass hay was similar. Those indicated that PFH bulls had productivity that was the same as PO bulls. Key words : Bulls, performance, feed intake, feed conversion

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318 Effect of Initial Providing Time of Oat Hay on Performance, Health, Behavior and Rumen Fermentation in Calves

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab235.318 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 173-174

Author(s):

Tianyu Chen ◽

Jianxin Xiao ◽

Tingting Li ◽

Jing Ma ◽

Zhijun Cao

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Rumen Fermentation ◽

Basic Diet ◽

Rumen Ph ◽

Holstein Calves ◽

Abnormal Behaviors ◽

Daily Gain

Abstract To determine the appropriate time to feed hay to calves, 210 healthy Holstein calves at d 2 were randomly divided into 3 groups: feeding basic diet (starter) without hay (CON), inclusion of oat hay from the second week (H2) or fourth week (H4) in addition to the basic diet. All calves were weaned on d 56 and raised in the same hutches until the end of the experiment (d 70). Calf starter intake and fecal score were recorded daily throughout the experimental period. Body weight, body size, blood and rumen fluid samples were collected every 2 weeks before weaning and once a week after weaning. Inclusion of oat hay in the basic diet (H2 and H4) resulted in increased body weight (P < 0.01) and average daily gain (P < 0.01) throughout the experiment when compared to the basic diet (CON) only. Calves fed oat hay from 2 weeks of life had the highest starter intake (P < 0.01), average daily gain (P < 0.01) in the pre- and post-weaning periods. Body length and heart girth was similar between treatments. The H2 calves had lower diarrhea frequency (P < 0.05) and diarrhea days (P < 0.05) during the post-weaning period. Compared to the CON calves, inclusion of hay increased the rumen pH (P < 0.01), while decreasing the NH3-N (P < 0.01) and tend to decrease the total VFA (P < 0.06) during the entire trial. Calves in H2 treatment spent more time ruminating (P < 0.01), but less time standing (P < 0.05), eating starter (P < 0.01) and engaging in abnormal behaviors (P < 0.01). In conclusion, calves supplemented with oat hay improved growth rate and rumen fermentation when compared with calves fed only starter, and adding hay from 2 weeks of calves life may be the best choice for the farm to have the greatest growth and health performance.

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Productive and metabolic increments of the inclusion of Broussonetia papyrifera to replace maize silage in growing goats

Czech Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.17221/10/2020-cjas ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 65 (No. 8) ◽

pp. 303-310

Author(s):

Jinling Hua ◽

Tianfeng Xu ◽

Quanwen Shen ◽

Yan Liu ◽

Guijuan Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Nitrogen Retention ◽

Rumen Fermentation ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Maize Silage ◽

Broussonetia Papyrifera ◽

Final Body Weight ◽

Daily Gain

The study was conducted to investigate the effects of Broussonetia papyrifera (BP) on growth performance, rumen fermentation, digestion and meat quality in Huanghuai white goats. Diets were developed with increasing doses of BP to replace maize silage [0% (control), 15% (BP15), 30% (BP30) and 45% (BP45)]. The design was completely randomized with 4 groups of 10 animals each, totalizing 40 animals (aged 150 ± 10 days and body weight of 25.32 ± 0.52 kg). Final body weight, average daily gain and average daily feed intake increased (linear and quadratic, P < 0.05) as BP increased in the diet. The highest body weight and average daily gain were seen in the BP30 group. Feed conversion ratio also improved significantly (linear and quadratic, P < 0.05) with the increasing level of BP. Although the concentration of microbial protein (MCP) in a linear (P = 0.0028) and quadratic (P = 0.0035) fashion with increasing level of BP, however, NH3-N in a quadratic (P = 0.0841) fashion with increasing level of BP. Crude protein was increased with increasing BP in the diets (linear and quadratic, P < 0.05). Nitrogen intake, urinary excretion nitrogen and nitrogen retention were significantly improved (linear and quadratic, P < 0.05) with dietary BP addition in goats. Dietary BP supplementation increased pH (linear and quadratic, P < 0.05) and tended to reduce L* (lightness) (linear and quadratic, P < 0.05). Additionally, the redness value of meat was significantly improved by BP addition (linear and quadratic, P < 0.05). The inclusion of BP in the goat diet promotes growth and increases the digestibility of crude protein in addition to improving the meat colour and rumen fermentation.

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Productive and reproductive performance and blood chemistry on grazing Brahman replacement heifers supplemented with fatty acids and protein

Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria ◽

10.21930/rcta.vol22_num3_art:2051 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

Author(s):

José Luis Bello Faria ◽

Robert Emilio Mora Luna ◽

Ana María Herrera-Angulo ◽

Bladimiro Acosta-Rivas

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Body Weight ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Blood Chemistry ◽

Protein Supplementation ◽

Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Calcium Salts ◽

Daily Gain ◽

Long Chain ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

To evaluate the effect of calcium salts of long-chain fatty acids (CaLCFA) and protein supplementation on body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG), pregnancy rate (PR), and blood chemistry, 57 Brahman heifers with 309.1 ± 3.04 kg BW and 1,010 ± 8.51 days of age, were divided into three BW uniform groups and assigned for 102 days to three treatments under a completely randomized design: 1) grazing forage only (F); 2) F+CaLCFA, and 3) F+CaLCFA+protein-energy mix (CaLCFA+CP) with 453 protein g/kg, containing mainly (g/kg) CaLCFA (200), hydrolyzed feather meal (300), and cornmeal (375). About 0.2 and 1 kg/animal/d of CaLCFA and CaLCFA+CP were offered, respectively, with an average intake of 200 and 192 g/animal/d for the same order of supplements. The breeding period (BP) lasted for 45 days and started 57 days after beginning the supplementation period. Body weight showed a treatment × time interaction (p < 0.01), being different at the end of the BP (348; 338 and 331 kg, respectively for CaLCFA, CaLCFA+CP, and F). Average daily gain (g/d) was higher (p < 0.01) for CaLCFA (358) than for CaLCFA+CP (281), and lower for F (206). Overall, PR was higher (p < 0.05) for CaLCFA+CP (68.4 %) and lower for F (36.8 %). Cholesterol (mg/dL) was higher (p < 0.05) for CaLCFA+CP (139) and lower for F (117). Calcium salts of long-chain fatty acids and CaLCFA+CP supplementation improved BW and ADG of Brahman heifers at first mating, while PR and cholesterol increased only with CaLCFA+CP supplementation.

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Effect of frequency of protein energy supplementation on the performance of Nelore steers during the dry season

Archivos Latinoamericanos de Producción Animal ◽

10.53588/alpa.300101 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Luiz Fernandes Montes ◽

Milton Ghedini Cardoso ◽

Marcos Aurélio Lopes ◽

Adilson de Paula Almeida Aguiar ◽

Joana Resende Paglis Brunoro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Protein Supplementation ◽

Daily Weight Gain ◽

Panicum Maximum ◽

Energy Supplement ◽

Protein Energy ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Energy Supplementation

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the frequency of provision of protein energy supplementation on pasture during the dry period of the year on the performance of Nelore steers in rearing phase. FAZU teaching school conducted the experiment from July to September 2017. Twenty-two animals of the Nelore breed, aged 12 months and mean initial weight of 232.22 (± 20) kg, modules of 2 ha each, subdivided in six paddocks of Panicum maximum cultivars Mombaça and Tanzânia. The experimental design was completely randomized (DIC) and the averages were compared by the Tukey test at 5% significance. There was no significant difference between the three frequencies of supply of energy protein supplementation, in relation to the average daily weight gain, which were 837; 881 and 855g, at the frequencies of 7; 5 and 3 times per week, respectively. However, there was a significant difference (P <0.05) for the mean daily weight gain between the treatment in which the animals received mineral supplementation (434g), which was lower than the treatments in which the animals were fed with protein energy supplement at the level of 0.25% of body weight. In conclusion, during the period and in the evaluation conditions of this experiment, there was no difference in the effect of the frequency of supply of a protein energy supplement in the supply level of 0.25% of the animals' body weight. The average daily gain was higher for the animals that received the protein energy supplement compared to those supplemented with mineral. Five times a week supplementation obtained the best economic benefit among the evaluated frequencies.

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Performance, carcass traits, and non-carcass components of feedlot finished lambs from different residual feed intake classes

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2018v39n6p2645 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (6) ◽

pp. 2645 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Raizza Fátima Abadia Tulux Rocha ◽

Andréa Roberto Duarte Lopes Souza ◽

Maria Da Graça Morais ◽

Mayara Mitiko Yoshihara Carneiro ◽

Henrique Jorge Fernandes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Carcass Traits ◽

Residual Feed Intake ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Mineral Mixture ◽

The Mean ◽

Daily Gain

This study aimed to assess the performance, carcass traits, and non-carcass components of feedlot finished Texel crossbred lambs from different residual feed intake classes (RFI). Forty-seven uncastrated male Texel crossbred lambs (¾ Texel + ¼ Pantaneira) tested here were 4-month-old with an initial weight of 29.9 ± 5.5 kg. The lambs were confined for 70 days for individual dry matter intake (DMI) and average daily gain (ADG) assessment. The diet containing corn silage was provided as roughage, while the concentrate consisted of corn grain, soybean meal, urea, and mineral mixture with a 40:60 roughage to concentrate ratio and 76.34% total digestible nutrients (TDN). After confinement for 70 days, the lambs were slaughtered to assess carcass traits and non-carcass components. Based on the RFI, lambs were divided into three classes according to the standard deviation (sd): Positive RFI (inefficient, 0.5 above the mean), Negative RFI (efficient, 0.5 below the mean), and Medium RFI (intermediate). Classes with Negative (efficient) and Positive RFI (inefficient) showed no differences in ADG (0.321 vs 0.306 kg; P > 0.05). Dry matter intake (g d-1), and percentage of body weight (BW) differed significantly between the RFI classes (P < 0.05). Compared to lambs in the inefficient class, those in the efficient class (Negative RFI) showed a 9% reduction in DMI and had the same ADG. The lambs in either Positive or Negative RFI classes showed no weight differences between non-carcass components (P > 0.05). The RFI classes showed no differences in shrunk body weight, hot carcass weight, hot dressing, and weight of commercial cuts (P > 0.05). They showed no differences in neck, shoulder + shank, loin, rack, flank steak, rack cap off, and leg weights (P > 0.05). Our results indicate that improvement in feed efficiency, as a function of the RFI index, does not compromise performance and carcass traits of Texel crossbred lambs.

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