scholarly journals Recent changes in agrarian systems of the Microregion of Toledo and Northern Pioneer Territory in Paraná State, Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 699
Author(s):  
Dimas Soares Júnior ◽  
Philippe Pedelahore ◽  
Ricardo Ralisch ◽  
Nathalie Cialdella

During the period of 1950 through 2000, a green-revolution-based model mostly for commodities boosted global agricultural production. From the 70’s, this design became consolidated in Brazil and other countries because of policies and strategies by states and private groups. However, some doubts has been raised on its environmental and socioeconomic issues, in special for family farming. This study aimed to contribute by identifying changes and resistance in agricultural structures, systems and demographic aspects of this model and its adoption by farmers. It was carried out in the state of Paraná - Brazil, within the microregion of Toledo and in the northern pioneer area, which represent the history and diversity of this state about socioeconomic and human aspects, as well as technical development. It was based on statistics of agricultural censuses (1970, 1975, 1980, 1985, 1996 and 2006), population censuses (1970, 1980, 1991, 2000 and 2010) and municipal agricultural production data (1980-2012). Data from both areas were compared to each other and analyzed in face of state changes. There has been a decrease in farming properties and rural population, with an outstanding decline in the number of young people and women. Moreover, results showed a large reduction of properties with 20 to 50 ha, and an increase in those of up to 2 ha. Such decline is due to technological standard changes throughout the period, as well as recent grants offered to rural areas, as housing and leisure spaces. Both regions showed expansion of soybean plantations, but integrating distinctively to agriculture and, finally, family farming continuity, despite the intense changes.

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 440-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateus de Carvalho Reis Neves ◽  
Carlos Otávio Freitas ◽  
Felipe de Figueiredo Silva ◽  
Davi Rogério de Moura Costa ◽  
Marcelo José Braga

AbstractAgricultural production in Brazil has increased in recent decades. Despite this, the rural population continues to face income inequality. Policies targeting this issue, such as rural credit, have been implemented during this period. This study estimates the influence of credit on income inequality in Brazilian rural areas. Results suggest that the family farming credit program (PRONAF) is not associated with increase in inequality. However, access to rural credit from sources other than PRONAF has led to greater household income inequality. Results also indicate that greater levels of education and access to rural extension have boosted the effect of credit on income.


Author(s):  
B.A. Voronin ◽  
◽  
I.P. Chupina ◽  
Ya.V. Voronina ◽  
◽  
...  

The article discusses a non-standard view of the formation of human capital for work in organizations of the agricultural sector of the economy, in the context of modern socio-economic transformations. In the classical sense, human capital for agriculture should be formed and developed in rural areas. But in real life, this is not always the case, because there are many factors that prevent the classical solution of this problem. First, the demographic factor affects, second, social and household factors, and third, in many rural areas there are no working agricultural organizations where qualified agricultural specialists can work. All these and other circumstances actualize the problem of the quality of human capital in rural areas in relation to the development of agricultural production.


2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Sheuli Ray ◽  
Manoj Debnath

The regional difference of complex Indian social structure and customs have a different impact on the nature of women’s work participation. The present study aims at unravelling the influence of social, cultural and economic forces in differentiating the level of women work participation in different eco-regions of West Bengal. The study is based purely on secondary sources and data have been collected from the Census of India. It is in the rural areas that the female work participation is directly linked to agriculture and allied activities and the study confines itself to an understanding of work participation of women only in the rural areas. The modern technological implication as a result of green revolution has a worse impact on women work participation particularly in the South Bengal plain and some parts of East Rarh Plain region. The high gender gap is noticed in Nadia district located in the middle part of South Bengal Plain causes very high withdrawn of female from there. Effect of socioeconomic variables, work participation of Scheduled component in main economic activity is also varied from the non-scheduled component. Non-scheduled worker participated more in non-agricultural sector rather than the scheduled counter parts. Subsequently, the low growth rate of female work participation represents a distress picture in work force structure which is a cause of worried also.


2021 ◽  
pp. 8-21
Author(s):  
Kh. B. Dusaev ◽  
A. Kh. Dusaeva

The article analyzes the number, employment and dynamics of monetary income of the population of the Orenburg region for a long-term period. The production of social and engineering arrangement of rural territories of the region for a number of years is analyzed in detail. Negative destructive changes and trends in employment and social development of rural areas are revealed. The directions of improvement and dynamic development of agricultural production, rural areas, and employment of the rural population are proposed.


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2397-2415
Author(s):  
A.I. Kostyaev ◽  
◽  
S.B. Letunov ◽  

The approaches of Russian and foreign scientists to studying rural areas multifunctionality differ significantly. Domestic researchers consider this problem from the standpoint of public goods in agricultural production, agricultural production diversification, rural population livelihoods, land use, and sustainable development of rural areas. In all cases, we are talking about implementation of functions within rural areas without raising the question of buying and selling their intangible attributes. In foreign publications, two pragmatic approaches are seen within the concept of multifunctionality. The first approach is the market perception of rural areas as consumer spaces. In this case, the intangible attributes of the territories (landscape, nature, heritage or culture) are considered as a sold and bought product. The second approach is an approach from the standpoint of protection against negative market consequences in international food trade. The non-productive functions of agriculture are taken into account in the WTO negotiations as non-trade factors. This helps to protect the agriculture of many countries from the destructive effects of foreign trade. The article proposes to move from staged studies of the issue of multifunctionality to a constructive consideration of the material and non-material potential for implementing the rural areas' production and non-production functions. The purpose of the study is to determine the material and non-material basis of rural areas multifunctionality using the example of the North-West of Russia. The objectives of the study are to establish the capabilities of rural areas to perform their functions of: a) the international, b) the federal, c) the regional and d) the local significance; and on the basis of the idea of multifunctionality, to determine the ways for creating consumer spaces in rural areas. The following methods were used: decomposition of goals, the index one, the monographic and the grouping method. We used the materials by: Rosstat, Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia, Ministry of Culture of Russia. Municipal areas with the orientation of agricultural products to the international, federal and regional markets have been identified. The characteristic of intangible attributes - the carriers of non-production functions of rural areas for the international, federal, regional and local levels - was given. The objects of specially protected natural areas and objects of cultural heritage are considered in accordance with their level of importance. The sequence of forming the consumer spaces in rural areas has been established in the direction from defining a geographical image through creating an image to developing a brand.


1984 ◽  
Vol 23 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 273-285
Author(s):  
Sarfraz K. Qureshi ◽  
Kalbe Abbas ◽  
Ahmed Naeem Siddiqui ◽  
Ejaz Ghani

Credit is an important instrument of acquiring command over the use of working capital, fixed capital and consumption goods. In the wake of Green Revolution, land and labour have receded into the background as predominant factors of growth. Use of capital and adoption of modern techniques of production which have become major sources of growth of agricultural output necessitate access to credit markets for financing their use. Institutional sources of credit have become quite significant during the last few years. The rapid expansion of credit from institutional sources can be seen from various indicators. The total disbursement of agricultural loans has gone up from Rs. 306.75 million in 1972-73 to Rs. 5,102.14 million in 1981-82. On a per acre basis, the loans increased from Rs. 7.33 in 1972-73 to Rs. 106.83 in 1981-82. In this perspective, the disparities in income and wealth in rural areas would crucially depend on the distribution of capital among farms of different sizes and occupational groups. Neglecting equitable distribution of credit as a policy instrument for rural income redistribution may be a serious omission by the policy makers interested in an improvement of rural equity.


2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 585-596
Author(s):  
Andrey A. Karavdin

Issues related to state support of the agro-industrial complex are relevant for all countries of the world, including the Russian Federation. The article deals with the key problems of the agro-industrial complex, which are mainly caused by the features of agriculture. The necessity of state support for the agro-industrial complex of Russia on the basis of the identified problems is substantiated. The article analyzes the directions and measures of state support in Russia, the differences between the stated goals in the state program for the development of the agro-industrial complex and the results in practice. The lack of a comprehensive approach to solving existing problems and proper control over the implementation of the state program, ill-considered and insufficient funding of individual programs, lobbying by large agricultural holdings of their interests and the monopolization of agricultural production do not allow to rely on the development of small agribusiness and rural areas.


Author(s):  
Liliana Cimpoies ◽  
Elena Semionova

Abstract For Moldova’s agriculture are characterized the existence of many small family farms and only a small number of corporate holdings (limited liabilities companies, agricultural production cooperatives etc). Most of individual farms, small by size produce only for own family consumption and cannot find their way to the market place. The accentuated poverty makes rural economy to flow more and more to a natural subsistence economy, isolating itself from the market economy. The goal of this paper is to delimitate different types of farms based on selected indicators and to appreciate their level of development. Differences in farms levels of development are appreciated through cluster analysis. The research includes the analysis of farms survey data. This research was carried as a part of the Academy of Sciences project “Sustainable rural development in Republic of Moldova in the context of EU accession”. In the project were surveyed 938 individual farms from nine districts across the country. As a result, we distinguish three types of farms: natural, family and market household. The cluster analysis allows to characterize the farms level development, to determine the main priority directions, and to elaborate measures for the individual farms further sustainable development.


2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Marciel Soares Dutra ◽  
Murilo Mendonça Oliveira de Souza

ResumoO Agroextrativismo articula atividades extrativas com técnicas de cultivo, criação e beneficiamento. É orientado para diversificação, consórcio de espécies, imitação da estrutura e dos padrões do ambiente natural e uso de técnicas geralmente desenvolvidas a partir dos saberes e das práticas tradicionais, do conhecimento dos ecossistemas e das condições ecológicas regionais. É importante instrumento para a utilização sustentável do bioma. Infelizmente, poucos estudos científicos abordam essa temática tão importante, que é capaz de gerar renda e contribuir com um projeto libertador de campo, respeitando a capacidade de resiliência dos ecossistemas. Os estudos sobre o agroextrativismo concentram-se no Brasil e nesse país, a Amazônia é o bioma mais estudado. O Cerrado, por sua vez, tem alto potencial para o agroextrativismo, porém falta interesses governamentais e privados na implementação de práticas sustentáveis neste bioma, escolhido para ser a sede do agronegócio resultante da Revolução Verde. Nesse sentido, este artigo tem como objetivo levantar e analisar as produções científicas que abordam esta temática, utilizando para isto a metodologia da Cienciometria.Palavras-chave: Biomas, Sustentabilidade, Brasil, Cienciometria. ResumenEl agro-extractivismo articula las actividades extractivas con las técnicas de cultivo, la creación animal y procesamiento alimentar. Se orienta hacia la diversificación, el consortium de espécies, de imitación de la estructura natural y técnicas de uso general construidas en el conocimiento y prácticas indígenas y campesinas, el conocimiento de los ecosistemas y las condiciones ecológicas regionales. Es importante instrumento para el uso sostenible del bioma. Desafortunadamente, pocos estudios científicos abordan esta cuestión tan importante que es capaz de generar ingresos y contribuir com la liberacción del Pueblo del campo, respetando la resiliencia de los ecosistemas. Los estudios sobre el agro-extractivismo se concentran en Brasil y, en ese país, la Amazonia es el bioma más estudiado. El Cerrado, a su vez, tiene un alto potencial para agro-extractivismo, pero que carecen de interés del gobierno e de la inciativa particular en la implementación de prácticas sostenibles en este bioma, elegido como sede de la Revolución Verde. En este sentido, este artículo tiene como objetivo recaudar y analizar producciones científicas que se ocupan de este problema, el uso de esta metodología de la cienciometría.Palabras-clave: Biomas, Sostenibilidad, Brasil, Cienciometria. AbstractThe agroextrativism articulates extractive activities with cultivation techniques, animal creation and food processing. It is oriented toward diversification, species consortium, imitation of the environment structure and use of techniques usually built on the indigenous and peasantry knowledge and traditional practices, knowledge about ecosystems and regional ecological conditions. It is important instrument for the sustainable use of the biome. Unfortunately, few scientific studies address this issue so important that it is able to generate income and contribute to a liberating project for rural areas, respecting the ecosystem resilience. Studies on the agroextractivism are concentrated in Brazil and, in that country, the Amazon is the most studied biome. The Cerrado, in turn, has high potential for agroextractivism but lacking government and private interests in implementing sustainable practices in this biome, chosen to host the resulting Green Revolution agribusiness. In this sense, this article aims to raise and analyze scientific productions that address this issue, using this methodology of Scientometrics.Keywords: Biomes, Sustainability, Brazil, Scientometry. 


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