scholarly journals Anticorpos anti-toxoplasma gondii em gatos domiciliados no Município de Rio Branco, Acre, Brasil

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 3757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soraia Figueiredo de Souza ◽  
Luciana Dos Santos Medeiros ◽  
Adriane De Souza Belfort ◽  
Andrey Luiz Lopes Cordeiro ◽  
Michelle Federle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
One Year ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

Blood samples were collected from 89 cats to assess the prevalence of IgG antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) and the possible risk factors associated with feline Toxoplasma gondii infection. An epidemiological questionnaire was developed and implemented for owners of domestic cats domiciled in Rio Branco, Acre. The results were statistically evaluated with the odds ratio and chi-square tests, considering the significance level of 5%. Of 89 animals’ samples, 22 had antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii. Among the 22 reactive animals, 15 (68.19%) were female, 15 (68.19%) were less than one year old and 20 (90%) were cross breed. Concerning risk factors, there was no difference (p > 0.05) between the variables evaluated by the chi-square test. Moreover, 16 (72%) cats were fed a mixed diet, 20 (90%) of the cats had hunting habits, 18 (81%) had contact with animals of another species, 11 (50%) had access to the street, and 22 (95%) lived in homes that had areas of grass or dirt. In conclusion, the prevalence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii in domestic cats was 22.7%, and there were no significant risk factors for feline toxoplasmosis in the municipality of Rio Branco, Acre.

scholarly journals Toxoplasma gondii prevalence and risk factors in owned domestic cats from Nakhon Pathom Province, Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 557-566
Author(s):  
Ruenruetai Udonsom ◽  
◽  
Ruangrat Buddhirongawatr ◽  
Yoshifumi Nishikawa ◽  
Ragab M. Fereig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
High Seroprevalence ◽  
Multivariable Analyses ◽  
Stray Cat ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

Domestic cats are a potential source of Toxoplasma gondii infection for humans. This study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors for T. gondii infection in domestic cats. Cat sera (n = 182) were tested for T. gondii IgG antibodies using the latex agglutination test (LAT) and the GRA7 of T. gondii (TgGRA7)-indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA). Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify the factors associated with T. gondii infection. The overall prevalence rates were 18.1% (33/182) according to LAT, 19.2% (35/182) according to the iELISA and 17.0% (31/182) according to LAT and iELISA. Univariable analyses identified, outdoor access (P = 0.006), being a former stray cat (P = 0.001) and successful hunting behaviors (P = 0.04) as risk factors for T. gondii infection. Outdoor access (OR 2.63, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03–6.72) and is a former stray cat (OR 3.69, 95% CI 1.52–8.96) remained significant risk factors in multivariable analyses. This study indicated a relatively high seroprevalence of T. gondii among domestic cats. Cat owners can reduce the risk for T. gondii infection by not allowing their cats to roam free. Furthermore, education about the transmission of the parasite should be provided to prevent infection to the owners.

Social assessment of children dental health and its determining factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-131
Author(s):  
T. G. Svetlichnaya ◽  
A. S. Mityagina ◽  
T. M. Burkova ◽  
N. M. Ogorelkova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Primary Teeth ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Tooth Decay ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Pediatric Dentist ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Decay Risk

Relevance. The high prevalence of tooth decay requires investigation of its risk factors. The aim was to study tooth decay risk factors among six-year-old children according to the level of dental health (based on parents’ assessment).Materials and methods. The research evaluated the dental health of six-year-olds and factors defining their oral health; The study surveyed 515 parents of six-year-old children from 7 kindergartens in Arkhangelsk. Pearson chi-square test assessed the differences in the frequency of tooth decay factors among six-year-old children according to the level of dental health. The accepted significance level was 0.05.Results. The Arkhangelsk parents evaluated the dental health of their six-year-olds as relatively favourable: good (41.2%) and satisfactory (46.6%). Only 9.5% of children had poor health. Children generally had good oral hygiene skills: 86.8% liked brushing their teeth; 60.2% squeezed the optimal amount of toothpaste on the toothbrush; 56.7% brushed their teeth twice a day. The dental literacy of parents was satisfactory: 67.0% purchased toothpaste for children; 90.8% considered necessary to treat primary teeth; 69.2% replaced toothbrush every three months; 59.7% visited a pediatric dentist twice a year. The children with poor dental health had insufficient oral hygiene skills: 46.9% did not like teeth cleaning; 51.1% brushed their teeth once a day. Their diet was not healthy: 100.0% did not eat hard food; 65.3% frequently consumed sweets. The parents  of children with poor dental health had low medical literacy and poor oral hygiene: 46.9% did not know that treatment of primary teeth was necessary; 42.9% considered the treatment of primary teeth as unnecessary; 32.6% purchased whatever toothpaste. The general negative trend is to use toothpaste without fluoride (68.1%).Conclusions. The results of the study demonstrated a significantly higher frequency of cariogenic factors in children with poor dental health.

scholarly journals Risk factors for esophageal cancer in a low-incidence area of Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orlando Milhomem Mota ◽  
Maria Paula Curado ◽  
José Carlos Oliveira ◽  
Edesio Martins ◽  
Daniela Medeiros Milhomem Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Oral Sex ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Control Study

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVESEsophageal cancer is the eighth commonest type of cancer worldwide, occupying sixth place in terms of mortality. Smoking and alcohol use are known risk factors for this type of cancer. The aim here was to evaluate the risk factors for esophageal cancer in a low-incidence area.DESIGN AND SETTINGCase-control study in Goiânia, with 99 cases of esophageal cancer and 223 controls.METHODSThe variables were sociodemographic, dietary, occupational and lifestyle data. The sample was analyzed using the chi-square test, Mann-Whitney test and Mantel-Haenszel approach for multivariate analysis. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated with 5% significance and 95% confidence intervals.RESULTSThe risk of esophageal cancer was higher in patients ≥ 55 years (OR = 1.95; P < 0.001). Patients from rural areas were at greater risk of esophageal cancer (OR = 4.9; P < 0.001). Smoking was a risk factor among the cases (OR = 3.8; P < 0.001), as was exposure to woodstoves (OR = 4.42; P < 0.001). The practice of oral sex was not a risk factor (OR = 0.45; P = 0.04). Consumption of apples, pears, vegetables, cruciferous vegetables and fruit juices were protective against esophageal cancer.CONCLUSIONIn a region in which the incidence of esophageal cancer is low, the most significant risk factors were exposure to woodstoves, smoking and living in rural areas.

scholarly journals Prevalence of suggestive images of atheroma in panoramic radiographs: clinical profile and risk factors for cardiovascular disease / Prevalência de imagens sugestivas de ateroma em radiografias panorâmicas: perfil clínico e fatores de risco para a doença cardiovascular

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 58052-58067
Author(s):  
Diana Bertoldo Moro ◽  
Jerlucia Cavalcanti das Neves Melo ◽  
Laura de Fátima Souto Maior ◽  
Otávio Guilherme Cardoso ◽  
Luana Osório Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Military Organization ◽  
Relevant Role ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background: In recent years, the use of panoramic radiography (PR) has been proposed as a reliable method for early diagnosis of calcified carotid artery atheroma (CCAA). The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of images suggestive of CCAA, observed in digital PRs from users of a Brazilian military organization, and investigate the presence of cardiovascular risk factors. Material and methods: The study analyzed a total of 2.015 digital PRs, taken for dental diagnostic purposes between January and September 2019 from patients of both genders and older than 18 years. Data were analyzed regarding prevalence of CCAA and cardiovascular risk factors using the Chi-square test at the significance level of 5%. Patients with a suggestive diagnosis of CCAA were contacted by telephone and invited to further evaluation. Results: Of 2.015 patients, 105 (6.06%; 46 women, 25 men) had CCAA detected on digital images. Of the 71 patients who agreed to further evaluation, 64.8%  were women, 54.9% were 60 years or older, 38%  military service, 45.1% overweight, 64.3% blood pressure alterations, 23.9% diabetics, 11.3% cardiovascular and respiratory disorders, 5.6% history of COVID-19, 12% cholesterol ≥ 240mg/dL, 26.5 % triglycerides ≥ 200mg/dL and 51% glycaemia ≥ 100mg/dL. For all variables analyzed there was statistically significant differences (p0.05), except for glycaemia (p=889). Conclusion: The presence of risk factors for stroke was meaningful in the population with CCAA, indicating the relevant role of the dentist in the early diagnosis.

scholarly journals First report on seroprevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection in sheep and goats in North Lebanon

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (09) ◽  
pp. 831-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dima El Safadi ◽  
Dany Abi Chahine ◽  
Alissar Al Tarraf ◽  
Omar Raii ◽  
Karim Mesto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Transplacental Transmission ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Modified Agglutination Test ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

Introduction: Toxoplasmosis is of dual importance in both public and veterinary health due to the respective risk of transplacental transmission in primo-infected pregnant women and economic losses caused by abortions in mammals. One of the main routes of Toxoplasma gondii transmission to humans is the consumption of raw or undercooked meats containing parasitic cysts. Here, we performed the first epidemiological study to determine the seroprevalence and the risk factors of toxoplasmosis in livestock in Lebanon. Methodology: Using a modified agglutination test with a cut-off of 1:40, we tested the positivity rate of Immunoglobulin G antibodies in the sera of 100 sheep and 80 goats collected from 18 different livestock farms located in North Lebanon between March and June 2018. Results: Anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibodies were detected in 42% of sheep and 34% of goats. Adults (> 1 year) were significantly more infected by T. gondii than the lambs (< 1 year) in both species (p < 0.05). Conclusions: These findings indicated that food animals are highly exposed to T. gondii in Lebanon and could be potentially a major risk factor of T. gondii infection to humans. Consequently, national prophylactic strategies should be implemented to control and to prevent T. gondii transmission between animals and humans.

scholarly journals Knowledge on oral cancer among dentistry students at Federal University of Maranhão

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
Samira Vasconcelos Gomes ◽  
Thalita Santana Conceição ◽  
Pierre Adriano Moreno Neves ◽  
Fernanda Ferreira Lopes ◽  
Maria Carmen Fontoura Nogueira da Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Level Of Knowledge

INTRODUCTION: Oral cancer is a multifactorial disease of high incidence worldwide and considered a public health problem, in which prevention and early diagnosis are the best ways to reverse this situation. PURPOSE: To evaluate the level of knowledge on oral cancer in a population of dentistry students. METHOD: A questionnaire on oral cancer was applied to 150 students from six classes, divided into three groups according to their semesters. The variables studied were statistically analyzed by applying the chi-square test with confidence interval of 95% and significance level of 5%. RESULT: Eighty-eight students (60.61%) considered their level of knowledge on oral cancer good and regular, while 37.93% rated their knowledge as insufficient. Squamous cell carcinoma was listed as the most common cancer by only 38.25% of students, with the highest percentage of correct answers being observed for groups 2 (55.56%) and 3 (67.39%). The level of knowledge on the risk factors increased over the semesters; however, 77.85% considered their level of confidence to perform diagnostic procedures low. CONCLUSION: The level of knowledge on oral cancer was considered good or regular among dentistry students, and although they showed good level of knowledge on the risk factors and to specific issues of the disease, there is a clear need to implement continued educational measures throughout the course to consolidate learning on this disease.

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Owned Domestic Cats in Australia

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthea Brennan ◽  
Jennifer Hawley ◽  
Navneet Dhand ◽  
Lara Boland ◽  
Julia A. Beatty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Spontaneous Preterm Delivery in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Omole Ohonsi Abiodun ◽  
Belga Francis
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Preterm Delivery ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Spontaneous Preterm Delivery ◽  
Chi Square Test

Objective (s): To determine the aetiological factors of preterm deliveries at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria..Materials and methods: This case-control study was conducted between 1st June 2006 and 31st May 2007.One hundred and forty eight women with preterm deliveries (cases) were compared with seven hundred and forty women who delivered at term (control). Data analysis was done using Epi- Info software (6.0 CDC Atlanta Georgia, USA). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed and the results were expressed as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). The contribution of the risk factors were estimated using chi square test and a p-value of < 0.05 was taken as significant.Results: The period incidence of preterm deliveries was 69 per 1000 births. Unbooked and low socioeconomic statuses, primigravidity, previous preterm deliveries, multiple pregnancies, pre-eclampsia, and malaria in pregnancy were significant risk factors that were associated with preterm delivery. These associations were still demonstrable after adjusting for confounding variables.Conclusion: Early girl marriage and childbearing and spontaneous pre-labour rupture of membranes not to be independent risk factors in this study. Women with risk factors should be managed in specialist hospitals.Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2014; Vol. 29(1) : 9-14

scholarly journals Determinants of low APGAR score among preeclamptic deliveries in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital: a retrospective cohort study in 2014

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sulaeman A. Susilo ◽  
Karina N. Pratiwi ◽  
Adly N.A. Fattah ◽  
Rima Irwinda ◽  
Noroyono Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Apgar Score ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Hellp Syndrome ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Physiologic Maturity ◽  
Early Onset Preeclampsia

Background: Preeclampsia has great implication on adverse neonatal outcome. Appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, respiration (APGAR) score at 1 or 5 minutes is one of the indicators of physiologic maturity of the infant. Therefore, the aim of this study was to know the correlation of APGAR score in preeclamptic deliveries with its risk factors. Methods: This study was a retrospective cohort. Data were collected from January to December 2013 including all preeclamptic women with singleton live pregnancies who delivered their babies in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta. The primary outcome was APGAR score. There were some determinants conducted in this study. Binary logistic was used as multivariate analysis to analyze the correlation between APGAR score and risk factors of preeclampsia, data were analyzed using chi square test. Results: Out of 450 preeclamptic women, 446 of them met the inclusion criteria. Low APGAR scores at 1 and 5 minutes were found in 19% (86/446) and 5.4% (24/446) of neonates respectively. Early onset of preeclampsia (adjusted OR = 4.577; 95% CI = 2.147 - 9.757), white blood cell ≥ 15,000/μL (adjusted OR = 3.315; 95% CI = 1.738 – 6.324), HELLP syndrome (adjusted OR = 2.00; 95% CI = 1.38 – 2.91) were independent risk factors for having infant with low APGAR score at 1 minute. Meanwhile, there was no significant risk factors at 5 minutes APGAR score after adjustment.Conclusion: Leukocytosis, early onset preeclampsia, preterm birth, and thrombocytopenia, severity of preeclampsia, and HELLP syndrome are independent risks of having infant born with low APGAR score at 1 minute in preeclamptic deliveries.

scholarly journals Perbandingan Kejadian Retensi Urin antara Persalinan dengan Vakum Ekstraksi dan Persalinan Normal

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 188
Author(s):  
Nurul Hikmah Petrana ◽  
Ova Emilia ◽  
Heru Pradjatmo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Urinary Retention ◽  
Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Normal Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Normal Delivery ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background: Urinary retention after vaginal delivery is a common problem with incidence 1.7% - 17.9%. Assissted vaginal delivery is one risk factor for the occurence of urinary retention.Objective: to compare urinary retention between normal vaginal delivery and assissted vaginal delivery using extraction vacum, and evaluate factors related to urinary retention.Method: The study was prospective cohort design, conducted in 3 hospitals and 2 primary health centres during 6 month period since September 2013- February 2014. Subjects were divided into two groups i.e. normal delivery and assissted delivery using extraction vacum, each 118 subjects. Events of urinary retention was assessed and also related factors were identified. Analysis used Chi-Square test, Fisher test and also logistic regression analysis.Result and Discussion: In total 236 subjects were involved, there was no difference in age and parity among the subjects. Incidence of urinary retention among extraction vacum delivery group was higher (32.2%) compare to normal delivery (11.9%). Multivariate analysis using logistic regression showed that extraction vacum (p=0.074; OR 2.71; 95% CI 1.55-4.73), baby weight (p= 0.230; OR 1.95; 95% CI 0.655.84) and perineal injury (p= 0.614; OR 1.35; 95% CI 0.41-4.36) were not significant risk factors for urinary retention. Length of labour (p=0.003; OR 3.71; 95% CI 1.55-8.86) and parity (p= 0.023; OR 2.29; 95% CI 1.2-4.66) were significant risk factors for urinary retention.Conclusion: Urinary retention is higher among vaginal delivery with extraction vacum compare to normal delivery. Length of labour and parity are external factors related to urinary retention. Keywords: Assissted vaginal delivery, extraction vacum, normal delivery, urinary retention, postpartum

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