scholarly journals Spatial and temporal trend analysis of bovine brucellosis in Brazil, 2014 to 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1279
Author(s):  
Claudia Mello Ribeiro ◽  
Jonas Lotufo Brant de Carvalho ◽  
Paula Andrea de Santis Bastos ◽  
Rodrigo Guerrero Mendes ◽  
Satie Katagiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Health Information System ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Bovine Brucellosis ◽  
Mato Grosso

Bovine brucellosis, a zoonotic disease endemic to Brazil, is a serious public health problem. It is a notifiable disease that, like tuberculosis, is regulated through a national control and eradication program. The epidemiological status of bovine brucellosis must be characterized in order to direct measures aimed at controlling the disease. This study focused on analyzing the spatial and temporal distribution of bovine brucellosis in Brazil. An ecological and time series study was conducted based on secondary data reported by the National Animal Health Information System for cases of bovine brucellosis diagnosed in Brazil (2014 - 2018). The gross and average incidence rate of brucellosis was estimated per state. Joinpoint regression was applied to calculate the annual percentage change (APC) in incidence and to identify states with significant trend changes. Spatial analysis of animals with brucellosis was performed using Kernel density estimation. A total of 19,631 animals with bovine brucellosis were confirmed, and the average incidence rate varied from 0.03 to 33.93/100,000 cattle in Brazil. The highest density of positive animals was found in the states of Santa Catarina and Paraná, which can be considered areas of greater transmission of Brucella abortus. Reductions in gross incidence rates were observed in Paraná (APC: -13.2; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -20.3 – -5.4; p=0.01), Rondônia (APC: -44.7; 95%CI: -62.0 - -19.4; p=0.01), Mato Grosso do Sul (APC: -59.0; 95%CI: -77.7 - -24.5; p=0.01), Acre (APC: -40.0; 95%CI: -50.0 - -28.0; p=0.00), and Ceará (APC: -37.9; 95%CI: -50.9 - -21.4; p=0.00). The incidence rate significantly increased in Tocantins (APC: 122.1; 95%CI: 4.5 - 372.2; p=0.04). The findings of this study will be helpful in guiding surveillance and prevention measures aimed at reducing the incidence of bovine brucellosis in Brazil.

scholarly journals LONG-TERM INCIDENCE OF CERVICAL CANCER IN WOMEN WITH HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (5-s) ◽  
pp. 394-399
Author(s):  
Subhash Kumar Mishra Golden ◽  
Nidhi Vishnoi
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Invasive Cervical Cancer ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Negative

Background: The objective of this study was to estimate the incidence of invasive cervical cancer (ICC) in women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and compare it with the incidence in HIV-uninfected women. Methods: In a cohort study of HIV-infected and uninfected women who had Papanicolaou tests obtained every 6 months, pathology reports were retrieved for women who had biopsy results or a self report of ICC. Histology was reviewed when reports confirmed ICC. Incidence rates were calculated and compared with those in HIV-negative women. Results: After a median follow-up of 10.3 years, 3 ICCs were confirmed in HIV-seropositive women, and none were confirmed in HIV-seronegative women. The ICC incidence rate was not found to be associated significantly with HIV status (HIV-negative women [0 of 100,000 person-years] vs HIV-positive women [21.4 of 100,000 person-years]; P = .59). A calculated incidence rate ratio standardized to expected results from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database that was restricted to HIV-infected Women’s Interagency HIV Study participants was 1.32 (95% confidence interval, 0.27-3.85; P = 0.80). Conclusions: Among women with HIV in a prospective study that incorporated cervical cancer prevention measures, the incidence of ICC was not significantly higher than that in a comparison group of HIV-negative women. Keywords: Cervical Cancer, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Women, Cancer Prevention.

scholarly journals Caries experience in children under 5 years old in the Xingu indigenous park in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. e211606
Author(s):  
Alana Cristina Guisilini ◽  
Jaqueline Vilela Bulgareli ◽  
Luciane Miranda Guerra ◽  
Antonio Carlos Pereira ◽  
Inara Pereira da Cunha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Health Information System ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Indigenous Children

Aim: The present study sought to investigate dental caries experience and its association with sociodemographic, postnatal and breastfeeding variables in children in the agerange from 6 to 71 months of age, in the Xingu Indigenous Park, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Methods: This was an analytical cross-sectional study that used secondary data pertaining to 402 indigenous children of the Low, Middle and Eastern Xingu regions, who participated in the Oral Health Epidemiological Survey in 2013. The dependent variable was dental caries, dichotomized by the median (dmf-t≤1 and dmf-t>1). The data of independent variables were obtained by means of instruments of the Local Health Information System of the Xingu Indigenous Special Sanitary District (DSEI). Raw analyses were performed to test the association of the independent variables with the dependent variable. The variables were tested in the multiple logistic regression model. Results: The mean value of the dmf-t index was 2.60 and the prevalence of affected children was 51%. In the multiple analysis, only children older than 36 months (OR: 6.64; CI95%: 4.11 to 10.73) and those that were breastfed for a longer period of time (OR: 1.88; CI95%: 1.16 to 3.02) showed significant association with the dmf-t>1 index. Conclusion: Childhood dental caries among indigenous children was associated with age and breastfeeding prolonged for over 26 months, therefore, pointing out the need to offer dental follow-up care at earlier ages.

Contemporary Estimates of the Incidence of Venous Thromboembolism: A Population-Based Cohort Study

Blood ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (21) ◽  
pp. 1143-1143
Author(s):  
Vicky Tagalakis ◽  
Valerie Patenaude ◽  
Susan R. Kahn ◽  
Samy Suissa
Keyword(s):  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
General Population ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Source Population

Abstract Abstract 1143 Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a growing public health problem due largely to the aging population and the increasing prevalence of known risk factors such as surgery and cancer-related treatments. As a result, the true burden of VTE is not fully known and more contemporary estimates of incidence are needed. Objectives: We estimated the incidence of a first VTE event in a general population. Methods: This retrospective, observational study used the linked administrative healthcare databases of the province of Québec, Canada, including the province-wide hospitalization database (MED-ÉCHO) and the healthcare services database of RAMQ which oversees all physician reimbursement claims for services provided to Québec residents. From a source population of all RAMQ beneficiaries with a physician visit or a hospitalization associated with an ICD-9-CM or ICD-10-CA diagnosis code for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE) recorded between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2009 and without a DVT or PE code prior to January 1, 2000, we identified a cohort of Québec residents with definite incident VTE and a cohort with definite or probable incident VTE. We used a priori determined diagnostic algorithms using RAMQ and MED-ÉCHO data to identify definite and probable cases of VTE. Subjects were followed forward in time from first-time VTE occurrence until the earliest of either death or end of study period (December 31, 2009). Incidence rates of first VTE, DVT alone, and PE with or without DVT were calculated by dividing the number of new cases by the total person-years at risk in the population of Québec residents eligible for RAMQ between 2000 and 2009. Age-specific incidence rates and associated 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using achieved age during follow-up, and as a result patients contributed person-time in different age categories while aging during follow-up. Crude and age-adjusted incidence rate ratios (IRR) were reported comparing rates among women and men. Results: From the 245 452 Québec residents between 2000 and 2009 with at least 1 VTE diagnosis in RAMQ or MED-ÉCHO (source population), we identified 67 410 cases with definite VTE and 35 123 cases with probable VTE. The incidence rate of definite VTE was 0.91 per 1000 person-years (95% CI: 0.90–0.91). For DVT alone, the incidence was 0.53 per 1000 person-years (95% CI: 0.52–0.52) and for PE with or without DVT it was 0.38 per 1000 person-years (95% CI: 0.38–0.38). The incidence rates increased with age, and rates in patients 70 years of age and older were more than 4 times higher than rates in patients who were 40–69 years of age (Table 1). The VTE incidence rate was 0.99 per 1000 person-years (95% CI: 0.98–1.00) in women as compared to 0.82 per 1000 person-years (95% CI: 0.81–0.83) in men. The IRR was 1.19 (95% CI: 1.17–1.22) but this sex difference was no longer seen when adjusted for age (IRR 0.98; 95% CI: 0.96–1.01). The corresponding VTE, DVT alone, and PE incidence rates per 1000 person-years for definite or probable VTE were 1.24 (95% CI: 1.23–1.24), 0.79 (95% CI: 0.78–0.79), and 0.45 (95% CI: 0.45–0.46), respectively. Conclusion: Our study provides real-world contemporary estimates of VTE incidence. The risk in the general population is about 0.9 to 1.2 per 1000 person-years and is highest in the elderly. These data may help inform public healthcare planning and future research. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Epidemiological surveillance of Leishmaniasis in Montenegro, 1992-2013

2015 ◽  
Vol 143 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 707-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanja Medenica ◽  
Svetlana Jovanovic ◽  
Ivan Dozic ◽  
Biljana Milicic ◽  
Novak Lakicevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Notification System ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Introduction. The diseases caused by Leishmania are spread worldwide and represent a significant public health problem. Objective. The aim of this study was to present the results of epidemiological surveillance of leishmaniasis in humans in Montenegro in the period from 1992 to 2013. Methods. The study was planned and realized as a descriptive epidemiological study. The sample included patients of leishmaniasis in Montenegro in the period from 1992 to 2013. The health and demographic data were collected from medical records. The disease was microbiologically proven in the patients. For statistical analysis the ?2-test was used, which examined the significance of the incidence rate. Results. During this period, 66 cases of leishmaniasis were identified (40 men and 26 women) aged 0 to 62 (mean 15.61?16.76 years). A visceral form of the disease was diagnosed in 65 (98%) patients, and one patient was diagnosed with cutaneous leishmaniasis. The average incidence rate for the abovementioned period is 0.48 per 100,000 inhabitants. The highest average incidence rate was identified in patients up to seven years of age (3.50 per 100,000 inhabitants). The highest average incidence rates of leishmaniasis were identified in the coastal region of Montenegro, while seasonal distribution indicates that the disease occurs throughout the year with predominance in late spring and summer. Conclusion. The research has shown that Montenegro is among the countries with low incidence of leishmaniasis. Nevertheless, because of leishmaniasis re-emergence in the entire Mediterranean Basin, a comprehensive research of ecological and epidemiological characteristics of leishmaniasis, including better monitoring and notification system, is required.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Pattern of Traumatic Brain Injury in Brazil between 2008 and 2019

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Akira Ramos Takahashi ◽  
Saulo Barros Teixeira ◽  
Giovanna Zambo Galafassi ◽  
Maria Beatriz Almeida Silva ◽  
Victoria Fernandez Comprido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Unified Health System ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Introduction Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are a public health problem with high economic impact, as well as an important cause of death and sequela in polytrauma patients, affecting mainly young adults. Objective To analyze the temporal trend of TBI incidence in Brazil between 2008 and 2019, according to age group and gender. Methods An ecological study, based on secondary data from hospital admissions for TBI in all Brazilian states between 2008 and 2019. The numbers were collected using the hospital information system of the Unified Health System in Brazil. We performed a descriptive analysis using the data obtained. Linear regression models were used to measure the incidence trend of TBI in the period adopted. Results The state of Piauí had the highest increase in the incidence of TBI in the country in the last 10 years (coefficient β = 63.43 e p = 0.002). The main concern, though, is the increase in the incidence of TBI amongst children (0–4 years old) in the states of Ceará (β = 31.22 and p < 0.001 for boys; β = 42.20 and p < 0.001 for girls), Paraná (β = 37.26 and p = 0.011 for boys; β = 25.90 and p = 0.015 for girls), Pernambuco (β = 20.08 and p = 0.016 for girls), Mato Grosso (β = 18.76 and p = 0.005 for boys; β = 16.11 and p = 0.035 for girls), and Distrito Federal (β = 48.87 and p = 0.004 for girls; β = 48.28 and p = 0.006 for boys). Conclusion The analysis of the results is able to point out improvements that can be made. Besides that, it is remarkably important to redirect public polices to preventive medicine since many of the TBI causes are avoidable through awareness and education of the population.

scholarly journals Suicides in Belgrade, Serbia in the period 2009-2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Miltenovic ◽  
M Vujetic
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Health It ◽  
Icd 10

Abstract Background Suicides fall in violent deaths and more recently have shown an increasing trend in developed and developing countries. This is a major public health problem that could and should be prevented. Unfortunately, it is among the top twenty leading causes of death worldwide. This public health problem exists in Belgrade and Serbia, as well. Methods An analysis of death certificates shows an insight into the causes of death of inhabitants of Belgrade. The paper presents data from the Database of deceased persons in Belgrade, for the period 2009- 2018. Data are analyzed using frequencies and incidence rates by sex, age groups, month of death, day of death, and municipality of residence of deceased. Results In Belgrade, from 2009 to 2018 the incidence rate of suicides is decreasing. The standardized suicide rate was highest in 2009 (12/100.000). Men often committed suicides at all observed years, and the rates are usually higher as in women. The highest number of suicides occur in April, July and June and observing days within a week Wednesday and Tuesday lead. The average age of men who committed suicide was 57 years and women 59.5 years. The most common method of carrying out the suicide was 'by hanging, strangulation and suffocation' (X70 according to ICD-10) and frequency was 45.2%. Conclusions The incidence rate of suicides at Belgrade territory shows the trend of decline in the observed period, between 2009 and 2018. Besides that, other attributes indicate that age-sex-manner of suicides could be changed, as for being targeted for prevention. Preventing suicides is a new challenge for public health and all public sectors have to be involved in prevention. Considering ageing of a population, migration and other negative demographic trends in Belgrade and Serbia, it is necessary to raise our competencies in inhibition of these unfortunate events. Key messages Preventing suicides is a challenge for public health. It is necessary to raise competencies in order to prevent suicides.

scholarly journals Magnitude of tuberculosis on the Bioceanic Route: an epidemiological description

2021 ◽  
pp. 1385-1395
Author(s):  
João Pedro Arantes da Cunha ◽  
Rafael Vilela de Campos ◽  
Ruberval Franco Maciel ◽  
Ana Maria Campos Marques
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
General Health ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
The State ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

This study aims to assess the epidemiological situation of five municipalities that are part of the bioceanic route in order to analyze the descriptors and general health aspect of the population through a retrospective, quantitative and cross-sectional descriptive study with a documentary approach, from secondary data reported to the National System of Notifiable Diseases in the municipalities of Guia Lopes da Laguna, Jardim, Nioaque, Porto Murtinho, Sidrolândia and Campo Grande, in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, in the period from January 2015 to December 2020. The incidence rate ranged between 32.23 and 79.4 cases/100,000 inhabitants. There was a predominance of individuals aged between 30-39 years (26.05%) and males (67.5%). The most important injuries were alcoholism (19.15%) and smoking (18%). In the exams, 52.3% had positive bacilloscopy and 32.03% had a positive culture. The incidence of tuberculosis in the evaluated municipalities was higher than the Brazilian average and that of the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. These evaluated municipalities do not have a favorable epidemiological situation with regard to tuberculosis and the construction of the biocenic route may further aggravate the situation.

scholarly journals The importance of oral hygiene in reducing the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-111
Author(s):  
Ema Buković ◽  
Biljana Kurtović
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Oral Care ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia ◽  
Pubmed Database

Introduction. Healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) represent a major public health problem. Inadequate oral hygiene in intensive care units has been recognized as a critical issue for the occurrence of one of these infections – ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Although literature suggests diverse oral care measures for ICU patients, the effectiveness of each is still a subject for further trials. Aim. The purpose of this paper is to determine the association between diverse oral care measures and the incidence of ventilator associated pneumonia. Methods. A systematic review of literature in the PubMed database that evaluates the performance of diverse oral care measures and their impact in reducing the incidence of VAP. The keywords used as search terms were: oral hygiene, ventilator-associated pneumonia, intensive care unit and nursing. Results. Four articles in total were taken into consideration in accordance with the availability of full-text articles and years of publication between 2009 and 2019. Performance results of diverse oral care measures haven’t shown statistically significant differences, but the implementation of oral care as a preventive measure against VAP showed a significant role in lower incidence rates. Conclusion. The results of the systematic literature review confirmed the importance of oral care in lowering the incidence rate of VAP. However, significant differences have been noted between the efficiency of diverse oral care measures and the incidence rate of VAP.

scholarly journals Extra-pulmonary tuberculosis incidence, trends and predictions in Monastir, Tunisia (2000-2030)

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Ben Nasrallah ◽  
M Kacem ◽  
S Grira ◽  
W Dhouib ◽  
R Bannour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Incidence Trends

Abstract Background Tuberculosis (TB) is global public health problem and up to 25% of TB cases present extrapulmonary involvement. The incidence of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) is increased worldwide. Our study aimed to give an update on the epidemiology, current trends of EPTB from 2000 to 2017 and to predict future trajectories of EPTB up to 2030 in Monastir, Tunisia. Methods We performed an observational study from 2000 to 2017. Data were collected by the regional direction of primary health care. Incidence was estimated by the crude incidence rate (CIR). Poisson regression model was used to calculate the slope 'b' in order to describe trends and was performed to estimate incidence projection for 2030. Data were verified and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 22.0 software. Results During 18 years, 997 cases of TB were declared in Monastir. Almost 51% (n = 509) were EPTB. Sex ratio was 1.68. The main EPTB forms were lymph nodes in 234 (23.5%) cases, followed by pleural TB in 35 (3.5%) cases and bone and joints in 31 (3.1%) cases. CIR was 5.62/100,000 inhabitants (inh) for EPTB with a highest incidence in patients aged 60 years and above. A positive trend was showed for EPTB with a (b = 0.05; p &lt; 0.0001) especially for lymph node localization. Up to 2030, EPTB would be increasing with an estimated incidence rate of 9.11/100,000 inh. Regarding lymph node TB, cases may continue to rise with an estimated incidence rate of 7.96 /100,000 inh. Conclusions Despite the availability of a treatment and knowledge on prevention measures, EPTB remains a public health problem. Thus, investigating and identifying patients at higher risk is needed in order to improve its management. Key messages Updated epidemiology is important for healthcare experts to improve planning policies attributed to EPTB. Our results are a tool for decision-makers to assess the efficiency of TB control programs.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Pneumonia in Community Hospitals

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 1452-1457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah S. Lewis ◽  
Vanessa J. Walker ◽  
Mi Suk Lee ◽  
Luke Chen ◽  
Rebekah W. Moehring ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Annual Incidence ◽  
Large Network ◽  
Community Hospitals ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Community Onset

Objective.Describe the epidemiology of healthcare-related (ie, healthcare-associated and hospital-acquired) pneumonia due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) among hospitalized patients in community hospitals.Design.Retrospective cohort study.Setting.Twenty-four community hospitals in the southeastern United States affiliated with the Duke Infection Control Outreach Network (median size, 211 beds; range, 103–658 beds).Methods.Adult patients with healthcare-related MRSA pneumonia admitted to study hospitals from January 1, 2008, to December 31, 2012, were identified using surveillance data. Seasonal and annual incidence rates (cases per 100,000 patient-days) were estimated using generalized estimating equation models. Characteristics of community-onset and hospital-onset cases were compared.Results.A total of 1,048 cases of healthcare-related pneumonia due to MRSA were observed during 5,863,941 patient-days. The annual incidence rate of healthcare-related MRSA pneumonia increased from 11.3 cases per 100,000 patient-days (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.8–18.7) in 2008 to 15.5 cases per 100,000 patient-days (95% CI, 8.4–28.5) in 2012 (P = .055). The incidence rate was highest in winter months and lowest in summer months (15.4 vs 11.1 cases per 100,000 patient-days; incidence rate ratio, 1.39 [95% CI, 1.06–1.82]; P = .016). A total of 814 cases (77.7%) were community-onset healthcare-associated pneumonia cases; only 49 cases (4.7%) were ventilator-associated cases. Of 811 patients whose disposition was known, 240 (29.6%) died during hospitalization or were discharged to hospice.Conclusions.From 2008 through 2012, the incidence of healthcare-related MRSA pneumonia among patients who were admitted to a large network of community hospitals increased, despite the decreasing incidence of invasive MRSA infections nationwide. Additional study is warranted to evaluate trends in this important and potentially modifiable public health problem.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014;35(12):1452–1457

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