scholarly journals Behavioral, productive, reproductive and thermoregulatory performance of lactating 3/4 and 7/8 Holstein/Gir cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 1245-1258
Author(s):  
Diogo Alves da Costa Ferro ◽  
◽  
Rafael Alves da Costa Ferro ◽  
Klayto José Gonçalves dos Santos ◽  
Aracele Pinheiro Pales dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Genetic Composition ◽  
Comfort Index ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference

The aim of this study was to examine the behavioral, productive, reproductive and thermoregulatory performance of 3/4 and 7/8 Holstein/Gir (HG) dairy cows to identify which genetic composition suffers the least heat stress. A completely randomized design was adopted involving 20 multiparous, lactating crossbred cows from a dairy farm located in the municipality of Turvânia - GO, Brazil. During the experimental period, data on behavioral, productive, reproductive and thermoregulatory traits were collected every 15 days. Bioestat (5.0) statistical software was used for statistical analysis. The mean temperature-humidity index, ambient temperature and relative humidity obtained throughout the experimental period were 74.45, 30.51 ºC and 63.64%, respectively. In terms of reproductive performance, there was a significant difference (p < 0.05) between the genetic compositions for the time from calving to first service, with a longer period shown by the animals with greater Holstein breed genetic composition. Service period and calving interval differed significantly (p < 0.05) during the experimental period between the genetic compositions. A significant difference (p < 0.05) was also detected between the compositions for respiratory rate, with higher values observed in the animals with higher European genetic composition. Benezra thermal comfort index also differed significantly (p < 0.05), with the 7/8 HG animals showing a higher value. Lactating cows with a 7/8 HG genetic composition achieved better results in milk production, whereas those with 3/4 HG genetic composition showed superiority in milk fat composition and reproductive and thermoregulatory performance, indicating greater adaptation to the climatic conditions of the region.

Reproductive performance of Shorthorn and Brahman crossbred cows in the dry tropics of north Queensland

1979 ◽  
Vol 19 (98) ◽  
pp. 276 ◽  
Author(s):  
RG Holroyd ◽  
PK O'Rourke ◽  
PJ Allan
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Variable Effect ◽  
Crossbred Cows ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Dry Tropics ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Conception Rates

A study was made (1 970 to 1973) of the reproductive performance of Shorthorn and Brahman crossbred cows grazing pasture in the dry tropics of north Queensland. Breed had a variable effect on the conception rates of lactating cows, with Brahman crossbreds having significantly higher (P < 0.05) conception rates in the first year. The two breeds had similar conception rates in the following year. In the third year, overall conception rates of both breeds were reduced due to a prolonged dry season, with Shorthorn cows having significantly higher (P < 0.01) conception rates than Brahman cows. However, during this dry period, twice as many Shorthorn cows required survival feeding as did Brahman cows. Calving rates followed conception rates closely, prenatal loss in each breed being low. In all years, Shorthorns had significantly earlier (P < 0.05) calving dates than Brahmans. The interval from calving to first recorded ovarian activity was significantly longer (P < 0.05) in Brahman cross than in Shorthorn cows in only one of the three years. There was no significant difference between breeds for the interval from first recorded ovarian activity to conception, but this interval decreased with increasing age of the cow. Breed had a variable effect on gestation length. Brahman cows were generally heavier each year in April and in better condition throughout the experimental period than Shorthorn cows.

scholarly journals Thermal comfort index in lactating cows in an adapted free-stall facility

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
João Marcos de Carvalho Vasconcelos ◽  
Sindynara Ferreira ◽  
Elisa De Souza Junqueira Rezende ◽  
José Luiz de Andrade Rezende Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Holstein Cattle ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Comfort Index ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Comfort Indices

This study was conducted to investigate the thermoregulation of Holstein cattle in an adapted free-stall facility at IFSULDEMINAS, Campus Inconfidentes, by measuring thermal comfort indices. The experimental period was from the end of December 2012 to the start of January 2013, in a total of 16 days. 12 multiparous, lactating, black-and-white Holstein cows were used in a free-stall system. Rectal temperature, respiratory frequency, ambient temperature and relative humidity were recorded at 3:00 a.m., 7:00 a.m., 11:00 a.m., 3:00 p.m., 7:00 p.m. and 11:00 p.m. The results demonstrate that despite the temporal variations that occurred throughout the evaluation days, the confined animals maintained their body temperature in balance.

SUPPLEMENTATION WITH PROTECTED LIPID AS A MEANS OF ALLEVIATING "SPRING PASTURE" INDUCED MILK FAT DEPRESSION

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 707-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. FISHER
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Milk Fat Depression ◽  
Average Decrease ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Percentage Unit ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Daily Milk

Thirty-six lactating cows, after their first week on spring pasture, were subdivided into three groups of 12 cows each and assigned to one of three pelleted grain mixtures containing 0, 5 or 10% protected lipid. These grain mixtures were fed in the milking parlor at the rate of 1.0 kg/4.0 kg of milk yield for a period of 14 days and then the cows were switched to the next ration in the sequence. Milk yield and grain intake were recorded daily. Milk samples for fat, protein and lactose determinations were taken during the last week of the drylot feeding period, during the preliminary pasture period and on the last 2 days of each experimental period. The change in feeding system from drylot to pasture resulted in an average decrease of 0.65 and 0.10 percentage units in milk fat and lactose contents, respectively, and an increase of 0.27 of a percentage unit in protein content. Refusals of the grain mixture were greater (P < 0.05) but milk yields per kilogram of grain intake were higher (P < 0.05) for grain mixtures containing 10% protected lipid than for the control ration. Protected lipid was not effective in countering the milk fat depression caused by the onset of the spring grazing season. The feeding of protected lipid at the rate of 5 and 10% resulted in only a 10 and 27% recovery in total fat yield compared to cows fed the control ration.

The influence of mineral granulated complex on milk productivity and quality indicators of cows’ milk

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
S. I. Nikolaev ◽  
D. A. Randelin ◽  
N. M. Kostomakhin ◽  
Yu. M. Batrakova ◽  
K. S. Arstanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Control Group ◽  
New Mineral ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Nonfat Milk ◽  
Group A ◽  
Milk Solids

The purpose of the research was to study the effectiveness of the use of rations for freshly calved cows during the increasing the milk yield period with the use of new mineral granulated complexes produced by Uralchem LLC. The results of research on the replacement of the mineral part of the vitamin and mineral premix in the rations of lactating cows with the mineral granular complex developed according to two recipes have been presented in the article. Research has shown that cows of the 1st and 2nd experimental groups during the experiment period gave more milk than their herdmates from the control group by 70,8 (P ≥ 0,95) and 106,2 kg (P ≥ 0,95). Due to the higher milk yield of animals that consumed the granulated complex, the yield of milk fat was greater than that of the control analogues by 3,21 (P ≥ 0,95) and 5,17 kg (P ≥ 0,95), protein by 2,70 and 4,30 kg (P ≥ 0,95). The milk yield of cows of the 1st and 2nd experimental groups for 305 days of lactation was higher than in the control group, respectively, by 205,3 (P ≥ 0,95) and 296,8 kg (P ≥ 0,95). In the milk of cows that consumed the granulated complex, there was a tendency for a higher content of dry matter (0,09 and 0,16 %), lactose (0,01 and 0,06 %), nonfat milk solids (0,09 and 0,07 %), ash (0,05 and 0,05 %) in comparison with analogues from the control group. A similar trend has been established between groups of cows in terms of milk density, acidity and rennet coagulability. The revenue from the sale of milk produced from cows of the 1st and 2nd experimental groups was more than in the control group for the experimental period (120 days) by 2074,6 and 3344,0 rubles and for the 305 days of lactation by 7055,4 and 9950,6 rubles.

scholarly journals Effect of prey concentrations and salinized water on initial development of Pyrrhulina brevis (Steindachner, 1876), an Amazonian ornamental fish

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. e381985582
Author(s):  
Leonnan Carlos Carvalho de Oliveira ◽  
Elviro dos Anjos Silva Neto ◽  
Arlindo dos Santos Pinheiro Junuior ◽  
Bruno José Corecha Fernandes Eiras ◽  
Galileu Crovatto Veras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Period ◽  
Ornamental Fish ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Lower Survival Rate ◽  
Artemia Nauplii ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Final Length ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Length Gain

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different prey concentrations (50; 100; 150 and 200 artemia nauplii post-larvae-1 day-1) and salinized water (0; 1 and 2 g L-1) on larviculture of Pyrrhulina brevis, an Amazonian ornamental fish. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, in a 4x3 factorial design, with three replicates. A total of 360 post-larvae were randomly distributed in 36 aquariums (1L), to 10 post-larvae L-1. At the end of the experimental period (15 days) the post-larvae were measured, weighed and counted. No interaction was identified between the prey concentrations and salinized water for all evaluated parameters. The best growth results, both for length and weight, were observed in the post-larvae that received 150 and 200 artemia nauplii post-larvae-1 day-1, while the lower survival rate was observed in post-larvae fed 50 and 100 artemia nauplii post-larvae-1 day-1. The final length and length gain were higher when the post-larvae were reared in salinized water at 1 and 2 g L-1, while the final weight, weight gain and specific growth rate were higher in post-larvae submitted to 1 g L-1 of salinized water. The uniformity of the batch for weight and length of the fish showed no significant difference, independent of the prey concentrations and salinized water used. Thus, the supply of 150 artemia nauplii post-larvae-1 day-1 in salinized water at 1 g L-1 is recommended during the first fed of Pyrrhulina brevis.

scholarly journals Flower microphenology of Hungarian sour cherry cultivars in Iran climatical conditions

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Davarynejad ◽  
Z. Szabó ◽  
J. Nyéki ◽  
M. Ansari
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Thermal Variation ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Opening Up

Determination of flower microphenology for selecting the suitable pollinizer for sour cherry cultivars is of significant importance. In order to study the flower microphenology of Hungarian sour cherry (Bőtermő, Érdi jubileum and Cigány) cultivars in Mashhad climatic conditions, an experiment was conducted in I998. 1999, 2005 and 2006, using a completely randomized design with ten replications. The phenological stages were determined from before opening up to browning phase of stigma. Duration of pollen shedding, stigma receptivity and climatic factors were measured. The relative time of flowering between cultivars varied from year to year. The data indicate, the thermal variation strongly contributes to significant differences in duration of stigma viability, although there wasn't a significant difference between cultivars in anther dehiscence period. Phenological stages of flowers are highly affected by meteorological factors in various years.

Effect of feeding water soaked rapeseed-mustard cake (Brassica juncea) based diet on the performance of lactating cows

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Palanive ◽  
Kusumakar Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

"The study was carried out to ascertain the effect of feeding water soaked rapeseed-mustard cake (RMC) based diet on the performance of lactating cows. Eighteen Holstein Friesian crossbred lactating cows were randomly allocated to 3 dietary treatments of 6 each viz. Control, RMC-dry and RMC-sani, respectively for an experimental period of 90 days. The glucosinolates (GLS) content of raw RMC was 149.50 µmol/g DM and it gets reduced by 31.96 per cent to 101.72 µmol/g DM in overnight water soaked (1:3 w/v ratio) RMC. The daily intake of concentrate and total DM by lactating cows did not differ significantly (Pgreater than0.05) irrespective of the dietary treatments. The digestibility coefficient (%) of DM, OM, CP, EE, NDF and ADF; nutrient density (%) and intake (g/kgW0.75) of composite diets in terms of DCP and TDN did not differ significantly (P>0.05) irrespective of dietary treatments. Milk yield and its basic quality parameters including milk fat, milk protein, total solids and SNF content were comparable among the dietary treatments. Though thiocyanate (CNS) concentration of blood serum (8.65 to 12.65 µg/ml) and milk (24.77 to 39.84 µg/ml) was significantly (P less than 0.01) increased in RMC fed groups as compared to control, it was significantly (P less than 0.01) reduced in RMC-sani as compared to RMC-dry. The serum T3 (2.07 - 2.15 nmol/L) and T4 (70.62 - 73.67 nmol/L) concentrations were comparable among the dietary treatments. Alongwith substantial reduction in the GLS content of water soaked RMC, no adverse effect could be noticed by feeding raw or water soaked RMC based diet on the performance of lactating cows and CNS excretion in the body fluids get reduced by dose dependent intake of dietary GLS.

scholarly journals Production potential of lactating Red Chittagong cows due to improved feeding in small-scale dairy farm

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-157
Author(s):  
M Asaduzzaman ◽  
MR Amin ◽  
NR Sarkar ◽  
KS Huque
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
T1 And T2

The aim of the experiment was to reveal the production potential of lactating Red Chittagong cows through improved feeding. To achieve the aim, the experiment was designed in a completely randomized design with three dietary treatment groups having ten Red Chittagong cows in each group for a period of six months. The cows were randomly allocated to three dietary treatment groups, i.e., T0, T1 and T2. The cows of T0 group received only farmers’ diet (63% of dry matter intake of cows according to ARC, 1995) without the supplementation, served as control. The cows of T1 group received farmers’ diet (63%) plus 25% supplementation of formulated concentrate diet for deficit of requirement of cows {(63 + 9.25) = 72.25% dry matter intake of cows according to ARC, 1995)} and T2 group received farmers’ diet (63%) plus formulated concentrate diet to meet 100% requirement of cows according to ARC (1995) {(63% + 37%) = 100%}. The average milk production of Red Chittagong cows of T0, T1 and T2 groups was 2.40, 3.27 and 4.82 kg per day, respectively. The milk fat, protein, solids not fat, total solids and ash were 4.30, 3.85, 9.02, 13.34 and 0.70; 4.75, 3.70, 8.97, 13.73 and 0.71; and 5.45, 3.56, 8.86, 14.30 and 0.72, g per 100g milk, respectively, for T0, T1 and T2 groups. Therefore, the farmers’ diet plus supplementation of formulated concentrate diet (FCD) to meet 100% requirement of cows was a better improved feeding system of lactating Red Chittagong cows to derive good performance.Progressive Agriculture 29 (2): 147-157, 2018

THE EFFECT OF SODIUM BICARBONATE, SODIUM BICARBONATE PLUS MAGNESIUM OXIDE OR BENTONITE ON THE INTAKE OF CORN SILAGE BY LACTATING COWS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. FISHER ◽  
V. G. MacKAY
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Magnesium Oxide ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Latin Squares ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Rumen Ph

Four trials, each employing 10 cows were designed as 2 × 2 latin squares, with each experimental period consisting of a 1-wk preliminary period and a 4-wk period for data collection. The objective of the experiments was to determine the effectiveness of either sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), NaHCO3 plus magnesium oxide (MgO) or bentonite as buffers when they were mixed with corn silage just prior to feeding. The treatments compared were: Trial I, control vs. NaHCO3 (180 g·cow−1·day−1); Trial II, control vs. bentonite (300 g·cow−1·day−1); Trial III, control vs. NaHCO3 (180 g·cow−1·day−1) plus magnesium oxide (MgO, 60 g·cow−1·day−1) and Trial IV, NaHCO3 (180 g·cow−1·day−1) vs. bentonite (300 g·cow−1·day−1). Silage dry matter intakes (SDMI) were 10.61 vs. 10.93 and milk yields were 26.6 vs. 29.3 kg/day for control vs. NaHCO3 in Trial I; 10.03 vs. 10.39, and 29.5 vs. 30.1 for control vs. bentonite in trial II; 10.62 vs. 10.69, and 23.6 vs. 24.7 for control vs. NaHCO3 + MgO in Trial III and 11.49 vs. 10.79, and 29.4 vs. 29.5 for NaHCO3 vs. bentonite in Trial IV. In the latter trial cows fed silage supplemented with bentonite had significantly lower milk fat and protein percentages and rumen pH compared to those supplemented with NaHCO3. Similarly in Trial II cows fed bentonite had lower rumen pH and milk protein percentage than the control cows. It was concluded the bentonite did not act as a buffer and was not beneficial when added to corn silage just prior to feeding. NaHCO3 improved milk yield in one trial and milk fat percentage but the degree of response did not warrant its routine use as a supplement to corn silage. Key words: NaHCO3, MgO, bentonite, corn silage, lactating cows, buffers

scholarly journals Evaluation of thermal energy consumption in broiler farms and saving strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 2355-2364
Author(s):  
A. Jahedi ◽  
A. Zarei
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Dry Climates

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate thermal energy consumption in broiler farms and provide solutions to reduce it. This study was performed with a completely randomized design under 4 climatic conditions, including Ardabil (cold climate representative), Khuzestan (warm climate representative), Isfahan (dry climate representative) and Guilan (temperate climate representative) in 4 replicates (4 broiler farms in each climate) and with 5 repetitions (5 periods of breeding per unit) and a capacity of 492,700, Ross 308 broiler in each breeding period. According to the results, in all climates, the proposed solutions to save thermal energy were able to create a significant difference (P<0.05). The experimental results also showed that the difference in thermal energy consumption in cold and dry climates wasmuch higher than in temperate and warm climates (P<0.05). Overall, the results of the present study show that, by optimizing andmodernizing construction equipment in broiler farms, thermal energy losses can be reduced in all climatic conditions.

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