scholarly journals Characteristics of carcass and non-carcass components of lambs fed wet brewery waste as a roughage feed

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (3Supl1) ◽  
pp. 1773-1784
Author(s):  
Sérgio Carvalho ◽  
◽  
Verônica Gindri Manzoni ◽  
Claudia Flores Minuzi ◽  
William Soares Teixeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Common Salt ◽  
Linear Decrease ◽  
Carcass Conformation ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Compactness Index

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of including wet brewery waste (WBW) as the exclusive dietary roughage source on the characteristics of carcass and non-carcass components of feedlot-finished lambs. Thirty-two non-castrated male lambs weaned at 50 days of age, resulting from the cross between the Texel and Ile de France breeds, were used. The diet was constituted by roughage (WBW) and a concentrate composed of crushed maize, soybean meal, limestone and common salt. Treatments consisted of four levels of WBW as the roughage source in the diet (% dry matter), namely, 31, 44, 57 and 70%. Lambs were slaughtered upon reaching 34 kg live weight. The treatments resulted in a linear decrease in hot and cold carcass weights and yields, carcass compactness index, conformation, degree of fatness and rib-eye area. Among the primal cuts, the absolute weights of pallet, ribs and legs decreased as the WBW level was increased. As to the non-carcass components, only the total gastrointestinal content increased linearly with WBW. The increasing levels of WBW led to greater fasting losses and reduced carcass weights and yields. There was also a reduction in the degree of fatness, carcass compactness, carcass conformation index and rib-eye area Wet brewery waste at the concentration of 31% as the roughage source in the diet of finishing lambs in the feedlot provides better carcass traits.

scholarly journals Feeding behavior of lambs fed castor mealom farelo de mamona

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 1451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hellenn Cardoso Oliveira ◽  
Rasmo Garcia ◽  
Vitor Visintin Silva de Almeida ◽  
Aline Cardoso Oliveira ◽  
Aureliano José Vieira Pires ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Castor Meal

The experiment aimed to evaluate the feeding behavior of Santa Inês lambs fed diets containing different levels of detoxified castor meal in the concentrate. Twenty-four sheep with an average body weight of 18.5± 2.26 kg, at four months of age, were distributed in a randomized complete design with four treatment and six replications. Treatments consisted of four levels of castor meal (0, 33, 67, and 100%) replacing soybean meal. Animals underwent a 15-day adaptation period and an experimental period of 84 days. The diet was composed of 60% sugarcane silage and 40% concentrate, on a dry matter basis. Animal behavior (idle, rumination, and feeding activities) were observed visually for two 24-h periods with 5-min intervals, and recorded. The number of rumination chews and the time taken to ruminate each cud per day were counted using a digital stopwatch. Dry matter (DM) intake was not affected by inclusion of castor meal in the concentrate, averaging 884.02 g day?1. The feeding activity was not affected by addition of castor meal. Rumination time increased linearly, whereas the idle and rumination times decreased linearly with addition of castor meal. Feeding time, expressed in min per kg of DM and NDF, was not influenced by the inclusion of the meal in the diet, averaging 373.3 and 880.0 min, respectively. The number of chews and the time taken to ruminate each cud were not changed by inclusion of castor meal in the diet. Feed efficiency, expressed in grams DM and NDF per hour, was not influenced by castor meal inclusion in the diet. Rumination efficiency expressed in g DM h?1 decreased, but was not affected when expressed in g NDF h?1. Total replacement of soybean meal by castor meal in the concentrate does not affect the feeding time or feed efficiency of feedlot sheep, but leads to a small reduction of their rumination efficiency. Thus, we recommend the inclusion of castor meal in sheep diets at the levels tested in this study.

scholarly journals Performance and Ruminal Parameters of Boer Crossbred Goats Fed Diets that Contain Crude Glycerin

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Higor Bezerra ◽  
Edson Santos ◽  
Juliana Oliveira ◽  
Gleidson Carvalho ◽  
Fabiano Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Crude Glycerin ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Linear Decrease ◽  
Four Levels

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of four levels of crude glycerin (0, 50, 100, or 150 g/kg on a dry matter basis) on intake, digestibility, production performance, and ruminal parameters for finishing Boer crossbred goats. Thirty-two crossbred, castrated Boer × undefined breed goat kids, with an initial average weight of 17.8 ± 2.2 kg and approximately four months old, were distributed in a completely randomized design, with four treatments and eight repetitions. The dry matter and neutral detergent fiber intakes, both in g/day and percent of body weight, linearly decreased (p ≤ 0.05) with increased inclusion levels of crude glycerin in the diet. The dietary crude glycerin levels linearly decreased (p ≤ 0.01) the digestibility coefficients of ether extract and quadratically increased (p = 0.04) digestibility coefficients of neutral detergent fiber. The final weight, total weight gain, and average daily gain for the animals showed a linear decrease (p ≤ 0.02) as dietary crude glycerin levels increased. The addition of crude glycerin caused a linear increase in ruminal pH (p ≤ 0.01), which ranged from 6.27 to 6.49 for diets with 0 and 150 g/kg crude glycerin, respectively. The concentration of ruminal NH3–N exhibited a linear decrease as the crude glycerin inclusion levels increased (p ≤ 0.01). Total short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentration, individual molar ratio, and the acetate: Propionate ratio in the ruminal fluid of the animals were not influenced (p ≥ 0.07) by the dietary crude glycerin levels. These data indicate that crude glycerin should not be used to replace ground corn in the diets of growing goats that are finished in a feedlot because the substitution reduces the intake and digestibility of several nutrients and decreases performance.

The voluntary intake and utilization of roughage–concentrate diets by sheep. 1. Concentrate supplements for hay and straw

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Crabtree ◽  
G. L. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Concentrate Level

SUMMARYFour levels of a proprietary concentrate (0, 100, 200 and 400 g/day) were offered to Welsh Mountain ewe lambs receiving hay or straw ad libitum for 14 weeks. The apparent digestibility of the energy and nitrogen in the various diets was determined in a concurrent digestibility trial.The voluntary intakes of the straw and hay dry matter when given alone were 242 and 451 g/day respectively (28·4 and 49·2 g/kg W0·73 per day). Straw intake increased with an increase in concentrate feeding up to a level of 25% concentrate in the total dry matter and then declined. Hay intake declined linearly with increasing concentrate level (3 g/day decline per unit increase in the percentage of concentrate). In each case the total intake of dry matter and digestible energy increased with an increase in concentrate level.There was a positive within-treatment relationship between initial live weight and voluntary intake, an additional 0·019 Meal ME/day being consumed per kg increase in live weight. Within treatment groups lambs consuming relatively more food also made relatively higher weight gains. Estimates based on published standards of the metabolizable energy intakes required to produce the live weight changes observed on each treatment were considerably higher than the intakes recorded in the trial.

scholarly journals The effect of raw soybean in the final mixtures for broilers on the conformation measures and share of major carcass parts

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
Veselin Petricevic ◽  
Milos Lukic ◽  
Zdenka Skrbic ◽  
Snezana Bogosavljevic-Boskovic ◽  
Vladimir Doskovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Random Sample ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
Utilization Of Protein ◽  
Carcass Conformation ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Sample Method ◽  
Different Levels

The experiment of the supstitution of soybean meal with raw soybean in the final diet was carried out on Hubbard F15 chickens at the age of 35- 42 days. The effect of different levels and varieties of raw soybeans in diets on carcass conformation and share of major carcass parts was determined in a twofactorial experiment 2 x 5 (2 soybean varieties x 5 levels of raw grains in the mixture), ie a total of 10 dietery treatments. At the end of the trial, by a random sample method, 12 chickens (6 males and 6 females) from each group were sacrificed and examined. The results showed that the index of drumstick girth and share of drumstick were under significant (p<0.05) influence of the soybean varieties. The level of raw soybeans in diets had significant effect (p <0.05) on the index of drumstick girth and on the absolute value of the breast depth and breast angle. Shares of breast and thighs of broiler chickens of both sexes were not significantly influenced by the studied factors. It was concluded that the share of raw soybean of 10, 15 and 20% in the final mixtures for broilers hinders the utilization of protein in the ration, resulting in poorer quality of chicken carcasses.

scholarly journals Crude glycerin in meat goat diets: intake, performance and carcass traits

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 719-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliano Cesar Dias ◽  
André Luís Finkler da Silveira ◽  
José Antonio Cogo Lançanova ◽  
João Ari Gualberto Hill ◽  
José Luiz Moletta
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Meat Goat ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Matter Basis

ABSTRACT: This experiment aimed to evaluate the effect of including glycerin in kid goats diet on intake, performance and carcass traits. Twenty intact male kid goats Boer crossbred were used, with body weight of 25.06±4.15kg and 8.00±0.66 months old, allocated in block design, with four treatments and five replicates. The treatments consisted on including dry matter basis (DM) of the diet of four levels of glycerin: zero, five, 10 and 15%, in replacing corn. It was not reported influence (P>0.05) of level of glycerin on intake of forage and feed conversion of animals. The concentrate and total DM intake were affected (P<0.05) for the level of glycerin in DM, with reduction in the animals that received the highest level. It was not reported influence (P>0.05) of level of glycerin on weight gain, carcass yield and percentage of cooling losses. However, the hot and cold carcass weight was lower (P<0.05) to the animals feed with 15% of glycerin. The inclusion up to 15% of glycerin in the diet of kid goats Boer crossbred, although did not affect feed conversion and performance, compromised the intake and carcass weight.

scholarly journals Carcass traits of feedlot crossbred lambs slaughtered at different live weights

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1711-1717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Barcelos Galvani ◽  
Cleber Cassol Pires ◽  
Tatiana Pfüller Wommer ◽  
Franciele de Oliveira ◽  
Anderson Michel Soares Bolzan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Slaughter Weight ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Dressing Percentage ◽  
Sorghum Silage ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L ◽  
Ground Corn

Carcass traits of twenty Texel x Ile de France crossbred lambs slaughtered after weaning (52 days of age), or at 25, 30 and 35kg live weight were evaluated. Lambs were placed in individual stalls (1.5m²) and fed ad libitum with a diet composed of sorghum silage (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) and a concentrate mix (ground corn, soybean meal, calcium carbonate and salt). Commercial dressing percentage was related quadratically with slaughter weight, being highest in lambs slaughtered after weaning. Real dressing percentage increased linearly. Shoulder proportion decreased with slaughter weight, whereas leg, rib and neck proportions remained constant. Carcass fat was positively correlated to the slaughter weight. Slaughter of feedlot Texel x Ile de France crossbred lambs can be recommended at 28kg live weight.

scholarly journals Ractopamine hydrochloride on performance and carcass traits of confined Nellores cattle

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 1830-1834 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Luis Kill ◽  
Ismail Ramalho Haddade ◽  
Iron Cardoso dos Santos Júnior ◽  
Douglas Haese ◽  
Alberto Chambela Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Ractopamine Hydrochloride ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Positive Effect

The effect of four levels of inclusion (0; 450; 900 and 1,350g T-1) of Ractopamine hydrochloride was assessed concerning weight gain, feed conversion, dry matter intake, carcass traits and quality of castrated male cattle meat in confinement. Forty Nellore steers were used, with an average age of 26 months and initial average weight of 423.4±2.7kg, in a randomized block experimental design with four treatments and ten replications. The diet was fixed with the ratio of forage to concentrate dry matter of 75.3:24.7. A Linear positive effect observed was the inclusion of Ractopamine on daily weight gain and linear negative effect on feed conversion, highlighting the improvements with the increasing inclusion of Ractopamine hydrochloride. In relation to carcass traits, the linear effect was negative for fat thickness and no differences were found regarding the hot carcass weight ; carcass yield; area, width and depth of rib eye area of the Longissimus dorsi muscle, and noble courts. In relation to dry matter intake, the comparison of the treatments demonstrated that Ractopamine didn't influence negatively, which highlights its positive effect on the animal performance. The use of Ractopamine improves performance and decreases de amount of superficial fat in male nellore carcass in confinement.

scholarly journals Effects of primary growth compared to regrowth grass silage on feed intake, growth performance and carcass traits of growing bulls

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arto Kalevi Huuskonen ◽  
Sari Rämö ◽  
Maiju Pesonen
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Primary Growth ◽  
Fat Score ◽  
Fermentation Parameters ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Vitamin Mixture

The objective was to study the effects of primary growth vs. regrowth grass silage on intake, growth and carcass traits of growing bulls. In a feeding experiment, 30 bulls were offered a total mixed ration ad libitum. Two dietary treatments included either first or second cut grass silage (550 g kg-1 dry matter) supplemented with rolled barley (435 g kg-1 dry matter) and a mineral-vitamin mixture (15 g kg-1 dry matter). Feed and energy intake as well as the live weight gain of the bulls decreased when the second cut silage was used instead of the first cut silage. No differences in carcass conformation or carcass fat score between the treatments were observed. Analysed chemical, digestibility or fermentation parameters of the silage samples did not explain the differences in feed intake. However, some second cut silage samples were found to contain mycotoxins (zearalenone, roquefortine C, mycophenolic acid and HT-2), but it is difficult to estimate whether this was the factor that affected feed intake in the present study.

scholarly journals Intake, gain and carcass traits of Hereford and Charolais bulls offered diets based on triticale, barley and grass silages

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arto Kalevi Huuskonen ◽  
Seija Jaakkola ◽  
Katariina Manni
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Barley Silage

Total mixed rations (TMR) based on grass silage (GS), triticale silage (TS), mixture of GS and TS, barley silage (BS) and mixture of GS and BS were fed to fifty Hereford (HF) and fifty Charolais (CH) bulls. The proportion (g kg-1 dry matter [DM]) of the silages in the TMRs were as follows: (1) GS (600); (2) TS (600); (3) GS (300) and TS (300); (4) BS (600); (5) GS (300) and BS (300). Concentrate proportion was 400 g kg-1 DM. According to feed analyses, the GS had 15 and 8% higher metabolizable energy (ME) concentration as well as 51 and 49% higher crude protein (CP) concentration compared to TS and BS, respectively. Average DM intake (DMI) on TS and BS containing diets was higher compared to GS as a sole forage (p=0.001). Compared to the TS based rations the use of BS rations increased daily DMI by 5% (p<0.05). In CH bulls, DMI decreased 0.8 kg d-1when GS partially replaced TS or BS while in HF bulls the use of silage mixtures slightly increased DMI (0.23 kg d-1). The live weight gain (LWG) and carcass gain of the CH bulls were 5 and 26% higher, respectively, compared to the HF bulls. Inclusion of GS in the diet increased LWG and carcass gain with TS but decreased them with BS (interaction p<0.01). The experiment demonstrated lower feeding value of TS compared to BS in the diet of the bulls. Whole crop silage based rations increased DMI compared to GS as a sole forage in the TMR. When GS partially replaced TS or BS, interactions in LWG and carcass gain results demonstrated higher feeding value for BS and lower for TS compared to GS. Feeding treatments had only minor effects on carcass traits of the bulls.

scholarly journals Organs and carcass non-integrant components of Holstein calves, slaughtered at different weights, held in different finishing systems

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 1045
Author(s):  
Ana Maria Osorio Dias ◽  
Luis Fernando Glasenapp de Menezes ◽  
Magali Floriano da Silveira ◽  
Wagner Paris ◽  
Priscila Vincenzi dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Linear Growth ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Confinement System ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Feeding Systems

The objective of this study was to evaluate the weight of the empty body and non-integrant components of Holstein calves carcass, kept in confinement system or pasture, slaughtered at different weights. We used 43 Holstein calves, entire, age and initial body weight of approximately 58 days and 57 kg, distributed entirely at random in confinement or cultivated pasture. In feeding systems, it was pre-stipulated four slaughter weights (SW - 140, 180, 220 and 260 kg of live weight). In confinement, were provided corn silage and concentrate based on corn meal and soybean meal, in the ratio 40:60. The other animals in ryegrass pasture, followed by pearl millet, were fed based in supplementation of corn bran and soybean meal to 1% of live weight. The EBW showed linear growth with increasing slaughter weight (SW), as well as income from hot and cold carcass and there was no effect in relation EBW/ SW. The leather, the scraps, the head, the legs, as well as the sum of external components showed growth in its absolute weight as the weight increased at the slaughter of animals. In relative terms, the hot and cold carcass yields were inversely correlated with the relative weights, as well as external components (- 0.68 and - 0.81), the heart (- 0.35 and -0, 38) lungs (- 0.53 and - 0.53), the sum of the gastrointestinal tract (-0.75 and - 0.77), the sum of vital organs (- 0.71 to - 0.75) respectively in feedlot and pasture. This is due to the different ages that the animals were slaughtered (200; 237; 251 and 263 days of age), due to pre-stipulate weights. The absolute weights of heart, kidney, lungs, liver, spleen, gall bladder, reproductive tract and gastrointestinal tract accompanied the increase in weight at animal’s slaughter. However, when grouped, showed no difference related to the increase in weight at slaughter. The differences presented by the liver, trachea and spleen were sufficient to alter the absolute and relative weights of the set of internal components, where the animals finished on pasture had higher weight. The animals finished on pasture had higher absolute weights (0.48 against 1.18 kg) and relatives (0.31 and 0.79%).

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