Bacteriocin, Antimicrobial as A New Natural Food Preservative: Its Potential and Challenges

Improving food safety and quality remains a major challenge in worldwide. Modern society tends to choose the foods that are fresh tasting, free of chemical additives, rich in nutrients and has been introduced to minimally processed. Bacteriocins as new natural preservatives could be produced by Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria, even though it is mostly originated from Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB). Bacteriocin-producing bacteria as well as bacteriocin has long been used in some countries as alternatives to replace chemical additives. The use of these antimicrobial agents has been proven effective in food manufacturing and distribution chain, especially in increasing shelf life of food products. Other potential from the use of bio-preservatives in various types of food is still huge. However, approval of bio-preservatives and their commercially applications is still limited. This study will review the selection criteria for bacteria used, the mechanism of action, its potential application in the food and pharmaceutical industries and its potential as an anti-cancer agent. In addition, this study will explore the main challenges faced including its stability and the possible risk of resistance to microorganisms. This review will also describe a series of processes for identification, characterization, and approval of the use of bacteriocins before they are commercially marketed. In addition, the safety issue of using bacteriocin-producing bacteria, especially as probiotics, also needs to be considered as a fundamental for quality control and the improvement of drug and food safety.

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Antimicrobial resistance of thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. as a food safety issue

Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry ◽

10.2298/bah1103321p ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 1321-1328

Author(s):

J. Petrovic ◽

I. Stojanov ◽

D. Milanov ◽

M. Kapetanov

Keyword(s):

Food Safety ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Safety Issue ◽

Animal Health ◽

Monitoring Program ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Antimicrobial Drugs ◽

Pig Carcasses ◽

Campylobacter Spp

Antimicrobial resistance is a daunting public health threat impacting both human and animal health and it is a cause for concern wherever antimicrobial agents are in use. The usage of antimicrobial drugs in food producing animals could results in significant food safety issue - antimicrobial resistance among zoonotic bacteria in these animals. Resistance monitoring program still does not exist in Serbia, so we made a pilot program to screen the situation in our abattoirs. We found similar situation like the one in EU. The resistance to one or more antimicrobial drugs was found in 40.00% and 75.32% Campylobacter spp. strains isolated from poultry and pig carcasses, respectively. Fluoroquinolones are anitmicrobial drugs which, beside beta-lactams, are most often used in poultry breeding. Fluoroquinolones are also very important for treatment of some human diseases. We examined relationship between presence of fluoroquinolone resistant C. jejuni in poultry carcasses and fluoroquinolone treatment of poultry. Treatment with one of this antimicrobials - enrofloxacine selects resistant strains in chickens carcasses, C. jejuni strains resistant to enrofloxacine were isolated from all livers (100%) and 70% carcasses. The resistant bacteria may then be transmitted to humans through food supply and increase the risk of treatment failures. Resistant zoonotic pathogens in food have to be controlled through a complete, continuous farm-to-fork system.

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Efficient and selective catalytic hydroxylation of unsaturated plant oils: a novel method for producing anti-pathogens

BMC Chemistry ◽

10.1186/s13065-021-00748-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ahmed M. Senan ◽

Binru Yin ◽

Yaoyao Zhang ◽

Mustapha M. Nasiru ◽

Yong‐Mei Lyu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Functional Method ◽

Plant Oils ◽

Main Process ◽

Catalytic Method ◽

Novel Method ◽

Pharmaceutical Industries ◽

Increasing Demand

AbstractWith the increasing demand for antimicrobial agents and the spread of antibiotic resistance in pathogens, the exploitation of plant oils to partly replace antibiotic emerges as an important source of fine chemicals, functional food utility and pharmaceutical industries. This work introduces a novel catalytic method of plant oils hydroxylation by Fe(III) citrate monohydrate (Fe3+-cit.)/Na2S2O8 catalyst. Methyl (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoate (ML) was selected as an example of vegetable oils hydroxylation to its hydroxy-conjugated derivatives (CHML) in the presence of a new complex of Fe(II)-species. Methyl 9,12-di-hydroxyoctadecanoate 1, methyl-9-hydroxyoctadecanoate 2 and methyl (10E,12E)-octadecanoate 3 mixtures is produced under optimized condition with oxygen balloon. The specific hydroxylation activity was lower in the case of using Na2S2O8 alone as a catalyst. A chemical reaction has shown the main process converted of plantoils hydroxylation and (+ 16 Da) of OH- attached at the methyl linoleate (ML-OH). HPLC and MALDI-ToF-mass spectrometry were employed for determining the obtained products. It was found that adding oxidizing agents (Na2S2O8) to Fe3+ in the MeCN mixture with H2O would generate the new complex of Fe(II)-species, which improves the C-H activation. Hence, the present study demonstrated a new functional method for better usage of vegetable oils.Producing conjugated hydroxy-fatty acids/esters with better antipathogenic properties. CHML used in food industry, It has a potential pathway to food safety and packaging process with good advantages, fundamental to microbial resistance. Lastly, our findings showed that biological monitoring of CHML-minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) inhibited growth of various gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria in vitro study. The produced CHML profiles were comparable to the corresponding to previousstudies and showed improved the inhibition efficiency over the respective kanamycin derivatives.

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Evaluation of antibacterial, teratogenicity and antibiofilm effect of sulfated chitosans extracted from marine waste against microorganism

Journal of Bioactive and Compatible Polymers ◽

10.1177/08839115211014225 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 088391152110142

Author(s):

Velu Gomathy ◽

Venkatesan Manigandan ◽

Narasimman Vignesh ◽

Aavula Thabitha ◽

Ramachandran Saravanan

Keyword(s):

Biofilm Formation ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Marine Litter ◽

Ionization Time ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Mineral Components ◽

Ft Ir

Biofilms play a key role in infectious diseases, as they may form on the surface and persist after treatment with various antimicrobial agents. The Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, S. typhimurium, P. aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli most frequently associated with medical devices. Chitosan sulphate from marine litter (SCH-MW) was extracted and the mineral components were determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The degree of deacetylation (DA) of SCH was predicted 50% and 33.3% in crab and shrimp waste respectively. The elucidation of the structure of the SCH-MW was portrayed using FT-IR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The molecular mass of SCH-MW was determined with Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF). The teratogenicity of SCH-MW was characterized by the zebrafish embryo (ZFE) model. Antimicrobial activity of SCH-MW was tested with the agar well diffusion method; the inhibitory effect of SCH-MW on biofilm formation was assessed in 96 flat well polystyrene plates. The result revealed that a low concentration of crab-sulfated chitosan inhibited bacterial growth and significantly reduced the anti-biofilm activity of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria relatively to shrimp. It is potentially against the biofilm formation of pathogenic bacteria.

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Antimicrobial Efficiency of Aloe arborescens and Aloe barbadensis Natural and Commercial Products

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10010092 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 92

Author(s):

Kaja Kupnik ◽

Mateja Primožič ◽

Željko Knez ◽

Maja Leitgeb

Keyword(s):

Biological Activities ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Aloe Barbadensis ◽

Commercial Products ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Antimicrobial Efficiency ◽

Aloe Arborescens ◽

Pharmaceutical Industries

Nowadays, there are many commercial products from natural resources on the market, but they still have many additives to increase their biological activities. On the other hand, there is particular interest in natural sources that would have antimicrobial properties themselves and would inhibit the growth and the reproduction of opportunistic microorganisms. Therefore, a comparative antimicrobial study of natural samples of aloe and its commercial products was performed. Qualitative and quantitative determination of antimicrobial efficiency of Aloe arborescens and Aloe barbadensis and its commercial products on fungi, Gram-negative, and Gram-positive bacteria was performed. Samples exhibited antimicrobial activity and slowed down the growth of all tested microorganisms. Research has shown that natural juices and gels of A. arborescens and A. barbadensis are at higher added concentrations comparable to commercial aloe products, especially against microbial cultures of Bacillus cereus, Candida albicans, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, whose growths were completely inhibited at a microbial concentration of 600 μg/mL. Of particular importance are the findings of the good antimicrobial efficacy of fresh juice and gel of A. arborescens on tested microorganisms, which is less known and less researched. These results show great potential of A. arborescens for further use in medicine, cosmetics, food, and pharmaceutical industries.

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Susceptibility of Gram-positive bacteria from ICU patients in UK hospitals to antimicrobial agents

Journal of Hospital Infection ◽

10.1016/s0195-6701(03)00145-2 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 54 (3) ◽

pp. 179-187 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

A.P Johnson ◽

C Henwood ◽

S Mushtaq ◽

D James ◽

M Warner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Icu Patients ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria

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Antimicrobial Nodule-Specific Cysteine-Rich Peptides Induce Membrane Depolarization-Associated Changes in the Transcriptome of Sinorhizobium meliloti

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.01791-13 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 79 (21) ◽

pp. 6737-6746 ◽

Cited By ~ 64

Author(s):

Hilda Tiricz ◽

Attila Szűcs ◽

Attila Farkas ◽

Bernadett Pap ◽

Rui M. Lima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stress Responses ◽

Sinorhizobium Meliloti ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Cellular Functions ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Content Type ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Peptide Family ◽

Wide Range ◽

Natural Target

ABSTRACTLeguminous plants establish symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing alpha- and betaproteobacteria, collectively called rhizobia, which provide combined nitrogen to support plant growth. Members of the inverted repeat-lacking clade of legumes impose terminal differentiation on their endosymbiotic bacterium partners with the help of the nodule-specific cysteine-rich (NCR) peptide family composed of close to 600 members. Among the few tested NCR peptides, cationic ones had antirhizobial activity measured by reduction or elimination of the CFU and uptake of the membrane-impermeable dye propidium iodide. Here, the antimicrobial spectrum of two of these peptides, NCR247 and NCR335, was investigated, and their effect on the transcriptome of the natural targetSinorhizobium melilotiwas characterized. Both peptides were able to kill quickly a wide range of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria; however, their spectra were only partially overlapping, and differences were found also in their efficacy on given strains, indicating that the actions of NCR247 and NCR335 might be similar though not identical. Treatment ofS. meliloticultures with either peptide resulted in a quick downregulation of genes involved in basic cellular functions, such as transcription-translation and energy production, as well as upregulation of genes involved in stress and oxidative stress responses and membrane transport. Similar changes provoked mainly in Gram-positive bacteria by antimicrobial agents were coupled with the destruction of membrane potential, indicating that it might also be a common step in the bactericidal actions of NCR247 and NCR335.

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Emerging Resistance to Antimicrobial Agents in Gram-Positive Bacteria

Drugs ◽

10.2165/00003495-199600511-00004 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 51 (Supplement 1) ◽

pp. 6-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 86

Author(s):

Martin G. Cormican ◽

Ronald N. Jones

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria

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Occurrence of Chemical Contaminants in Peruvian Produce: A Food-Safety Perspective

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10071461 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 1461

Author(s):

Oscar A. Galagarza ◽

Alejandra Ramirez-Hernandez ◽

Haley F. Oliver ◽

Mariel V. Álvarez Rodríguez ◽

María del Carmen Valdez Ortiz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Food Safety ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Safety Issue ◽

Agricultural Products ◽

Mining Activities ◽

Farming Practices ◽

Chemical Contaminants ◽

Crop Varieties ◽

Andean Country

The presence of chemical contaminants in agricultural products is a continued food-safety challenge in Peru. This country has robust agriculture potential, but its output of fruits and vegetables is severely impacted by massive mining activities, as well as poor farming practices, including the use of polluted irrigation water, misuse of pesticides, and inadequate postharvest conditions. This review examines the current scientific knowledge on the levels of pesticide residues, heavy metals, and mycotoxins on crops produced in Peru. The available data shows that several crop varieties are contaminated with these classes of chemical contaminants, and at levels that exceed the national and international permissible limits. The abundance of chemical contaminants in produce indicates a relevant food-safety issue, which increases the risks of chronic human diseases, like cancer—a leading cause of death in Peru. Finally, this review presents recommendations to address these contamination problems in produce grown in the Andean country.

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The application of quality tools in effective implementation of HACCP

International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management ◽

10.1108/ijqrm-11-2017-0236 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 35 (9) ◽

pp. 1920-1940 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Manjeet Kharub ◽

Shah Limon ◽

Rajiv Kumar Sharma

Keyword(s):

Food Safety ◽

Hazard Analysis ◽

Safety System ◽

Hazard Identification ◽

Content Type ◽

Hazard Control ◽

Pca Method ◽

Pharmaceutical Industries ◽

Quality Tools

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate the quality tool’s impact on the effectiveness of the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP)-based food safety system and correlation studies between HACCP effectiveness and business performance in food and pharmaceutical industries. Design/methodology/approach A total of 116 survey responses of prominent food and pharmaceutical firms are used to fulfil the aim of this study. The principal component analysis (PCA) method was applied to classify quality tools into a finite number of groups. Further, multiple regression methods are employed to investigate the correlation between HACCP effectiveness and firm’s performance indicators. Findings Quality tools are classified into three categories on the basis of their application by using the PCA method: quality tools for hazard identification, quality tools for hazard analysis (QTHA) and quality tools for hazard control. The regression analysis revealed that QTHA has a substantial impact on HACCP objectives (hazard identification, hazard assessment and hazard control). Additionally, the results suggest that the successful implementation of HACCP-based food safety system also delivers a direct influence on the operational and financial performance of the food and pharmaceutical industries. Originality/value This paper contributes to the existing body of HACCP knowledge by providing a framework supported by an empirical case study. The case study clustered quality tools into three broad categories related to their application of a HACCP project. Study results can guide and motivate managers to use quality tools with the aim of successful implantation of the HACCP-based food safety system, especially in food and pharmaceutical industries.

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Ribosome Rescue Pathways in Bacteria

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2021.652980 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Claudia Müller ◽

Caillan Crowe-McAuliffe ◽

Daniel N. Wilson

Keyword(s):

Messenger Rna ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Polypeptide Chain ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Bacterial Survival ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Small Protein B ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Rescue System

Ribosomes that become stalled on truncated or damaged mRNAs during protein synthesis must be rescued for the cell to survive. Bacteria have evolved a diverse array of rescue pathways to remove the stalled ribosomes from the aberrant mRNA and return them to the free pool of actively translating ribosomes. In addition, some of these pathways target the damaged mRNA and the incomplete nascent polypeptide chain for degradation. This review highlights the recent developments in our mechanistic understanding of bacterial ribosomal rescue systems, including drop-off, trans-translation mediated by transfer-messenger RNA and small protein B, ribosome rescue by the alternative rescue factors ArfA and ArfB, as well as Bacillus ribosome rescue factor A, an additional rescue system found in some Gram-positive bacteria, such as Bacillus subtilis. Finally, we discuss the recent findings of ribosome-associated quality control in particular bacterial lineages mediated by RqcH and RqcP. The importance of rescue pathways for bacterial survival suggests they may represent novel targets for the development of new antimicrobial agents against multi-drug resistant pathogenic bacteria.

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