The Gabrovo State men’s High School, in the Period of 1879–1902 and its Teachers-artists, who Have Received an Academic Education in Europe and Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nela Nedeva ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Academic Education ◽  
Time Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Level

The present article showcases the research done by the author on the drawing teachers of the Gabrovo State Boys’ High School during the 19-th and 20-th century. The study focuses on the teachers who have received academic education in Russia and Western Europe. The point of the article is to show the high level of teaching and erudition of the pedagogical staff during the examined time period. As proof the author has indicated information about their students who have left permanent traces in the history of painting even outside the borders of their country.

Rola społeczna aptek jezuickich w dawnej Rzeczypospolitej

2021 ◽  
pp. 42-83
Author(s):  
Andrea Mariani
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Professional Education ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Academic Education ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
High Level

The article presents the social role of Jesuit pharmacies in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth based on the sources of religious provenance and inventories of Jesuit colleges drawn up as a result of the dissolution of the Society of Jesus in 1773. In the first part, the author analyzes the ecclesiastical and secular legislation and its impact on the activities of Jesuit pharmacies. Canon law did not forbid clergymen to deal with medicine, but only limited the possibility of obtaining academic education in this field and conducting surgical procedures. By adopting these rules, Jesuit legislation placed the main emphasis on superiors’ control over the finances of pharmacies and limited the sale of drugs to protect the order from being accused of unfair competition by the townspeople. In the context of state pharmaceutical law, the privilege of June 30, 1662, which allowed for the liberation of journeymen by Jesuit pharmacists, was of great importance. In this way, a path of professional education in the field of pharmacy under the management of the Society, an alternative to the guild system, was created. The second part of the article discusses the social factors that favoured the establishment of monastic pharmacies. Particularly noteworthy is the uneven distribution of Jesuit pharmacies in the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. While in Royal Prussia the Jesuits did not run pharmacies to avoid conflicts with the Protestant bourgeoisie, in the eastern borderlands of the Polish-Lithuanian state, Jesuit pharmacies were often the only institutions of this type. The third part of the work presents the financial situation of Jesuit pharmacies. They had significant income, but also required considerable investments related to the purchase of raw materials and equipment in the Baltic ports. The fourth part of the article concerns the social scope of the activity of Jesuit pharmacists, who not only provided medicines to the poor, but also treated nobles, magnates and high church dignitaries. Not being obliged by guild regulations, apart from preparing medicines, they also diagnosed them, performed minor surgical procedures and assisted women during childbirth. The last part of the article discusses drugs and raw materials in terms of their availability to the broadly understood clientele. The offer of Jesuit pharmacies included both cheap products derived from the local flora, intended for the treatment of the poor, and expensive raw materials from abroad. Moreover, among the medical matter there were preparations for women and infants, as well as for people suffering from syphilis. In the end, the author emphasizes the centrality of pharmacies in the Jesuit pastoral strategy. Thanks to their high level, pharmacies not only corresponded to the ideal of mercy, but also contributed to gaining the favour and trust of representatives of social elites. In this context, the dissolution of the Society is an important turning point not only in cultural and religious life, but also in the history of medicine and pharmacy in the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

Description of two new fossil echinoids (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) from the Early Hauterivian (Early Cretaceous) of the Paris Basin (France)

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3512 (1) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
THOMAS SAUCÈDE ◽  
JEAN-CHRISTOPHE DUDICOURT ◽  
PHILIPPE COURVILLE
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Early Cretaceous ◽  
Benthic Invertebrates ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Equal Proportion ◽  
Paris Basin ◽  
Time Period ◽  
High Level

Two new echinoid genera and species, Salvaster roberti gen. et sp. nov. and Pygolampas edita gen. et sp. nov. are de-scribed. They were collected in the Calcaires à Spatangues Formation (CSF) that consists of limestone and clay sedimentsdeposited in the southeast of the Paris Basin (France) during the Early Hauterivian (Early Cretaceous). The CSF is datedfrom the Acanthodiscus radiatus chronozone, a time-interval of overall high sea level in Western Europe, but it yields arich shallow-water fossil fauna mostly represented by benthic invertebrates. Of the 54 echinoid species ever described inthe CSF, 26 species are recognized here. They are distributed into 16 different families, among which regular (13 species)and irregular (13 species) echinoids are represented in equal proportion. This work confirms the high level of echinoid diversity in the CSF for that time-period.

scholarly journals Grundtvig og Rødding Højskole

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-93
Author(s):  
Thorkild C. Lyby
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
The Other ◽  
Board Of Governors ◽  
The People ◽  
Cultural Struggle ◽  
Folk High School ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many

Grundtvig and the Folk High School at RøddingBy Thorkild LybyIn his book Vision og Virkeliggørelse (Vision and Fulfilment) Helge Grell has advanced the argument that Grundtvig had reservations about Rødding Folk High School, because it identified itself with the national struggle to such an extent that it did not fully practice Grundtvig’s original folk high school ideas.Against this view, the present article claims that it is impossible to disqualify Rødding as non-Grundtvigian. Following a discussion of what it takes for a folk high school to be called Grundtvigian, the article gives an outline of the history of Rødding up to the 1864 war which necessitated the transfer to Askov. The emphasis is on the attitudes of successive principals, predominantly, however, that of Christian Flor. Not only was he the driving force behind the establishment of the high school, but was its leader himself in 1845-46, and, as chairman of the Board of Governors and later the Committee, continued to exert a decisive influence on its affairs until it was closed down.It is argued that Flor was entirely a Grundtvig disciple, and that his only wish was to translate Grundtvig’s folk high school ideas into practice. It is true that Rødding was also intended as a school with a role to play in the national struggle, but in the circumstances this should not disqualify it as Grundtvigian since Grundtvig’s cultural struggle at the time must necessarily take the form of a national struggle. It is pointed out, moreover, that to the various principals the cultural view was more important than the national - if it is at all possible to distinguish between them.Another thing is that Grundtvig’s attitude to Rødding was ambiguous. He expressed delight at its establishment and welcomed it without reservations, and later too there is evidence of a sympathetic interest in it. On the other hand, there is also evidence of a strange indifference, as it appears for example from the fact that he never visited the school in spite of repeated invitations. No doubt, the reason is that he had envisaged his ideas about the education of the people to be realized through the great, state-supported high school at Sorø, which he had dreamed about since his youth, and which had very nearly become a reality in 1847-48. Only gradually did he realize that it was through the many smaller schools modelled on Rødding that his ideas were to attain their great importance.

scholarly journals Analysis of knowledge about acute granular pharyngitis among Tiruchirapalli school children and their parents: connotation for preventing further complications

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1179
Author(s):  
Rajesh Kanagaraj ◽  
Prabhusaran Nagarajan ◽  
Mohamed Marzuk Syed ◽  
Jesudoss Antony
Keyword(s):  
Sore Throat ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Streptococcal Pharyngitis ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Level

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Identification and appropriate treatment for the streptococcal pharyngitis decreases the risk of acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. By understanding the public perceptions and behaviors related to sore throat is considered as the fundamental for disseminating the health programs to control such diseases. The main objective of this study is to understand the epidemiology and microbiology of acute granular pharyngitis and its treatment in a tertiary care teaching hospital of South India.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This is a prospective and cross-sectional investigation performed by direct interview and written surveys. In this study, school students and their parents were interviewed about the history of sore throats in the last 12 months and treatment received. A focused history and physical examination to detect pharyngitis was conducted and children were referred for follow-up as indicated.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> A total of 1550 and 1450 students from 13 and 14 schools participated in the study respectively, along with their parents. Three hundred and thirty six (21.6%) parents reported their child had at least one episode of sore throat in the previous year, and 326 (21%) of students reported at least one sore throat in the same time period.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Girls were reported to have high level of pharyngitis than boys. Parents have variable knowledge about the frequency of sore throat in their children and its management. These results provide insight into current perceptions and practices related to sore throat and will be used to design public awareness activities aimed at reducing the future risks.</p>

La famille et le ménage : approches historiques

1972 ◽  
Vol 27 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 847-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Laslett
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
Past Time ◽  
Domestic Group ◽  
History Of ◽  
Size And Structure

Le présent article est un extrait de l'Introduction à l'ouvrage intitulé : Household and Family in Past Time, Comparative Studies in the Size and Structure of the Domestic group over the last three Centuries in England, France, Serbia, Japan and Colonial North America, with further Materials from Western Europe. Ce livre, en cours de publication à Cambridge (University Press, fin 1972) contient l'essentiel des communications entendues en septembre 1969 à Cambridge à la Conférence Internationale sur l'histoire comparative de la famille. Ce Congrès a été organisé par Peter Lasiett dans le cadre du Cambridge Group for the History of Population and Social Structure.Cet article a fait l'objet d'une communication à Florence à la Conférence Internationale sur les techniques et les méthodes en démographie historique (XVIIe et XVIIIe siècle), tenue du 1er au 3 octobre 1971.

Some Aspects of the “Value” of Less-developed Countries to the United States

1963 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 623-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Wolf
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
World Today ◽  
Precise Sense ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The World

If one thinks seriously about any of the major international trouble spots in the world today, one soon confronts the problem of what really is the “value” of, for example, Cuba, Berlin, or Laos to the United States. The view put forward in this article is that, while the question is unanswerable in a rigorous and precise sense, some useful things can be said in approaching it, and in trying to distinguish between more and less unsatisfactory answers to it. In principle, of course, the value of other countries to the United States includes that of the advanced countries, and, most significantly, of Western Europe. The present article, however, will be primarily concerned with the value of less-developed countries to the United States, and with their value in certain extreme contingencies over a time period that is relatively short from the standpoint of history, though somewhat longer from the standpoint of economics.

The Tempo and mode(S) of Prebiotic Evolution

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 419-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Lazcano
Keyword(s):  
Origin Of Life ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Biological Evolution ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Early Diversification ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Widespread Phenomenon ◽  
The Origin Of Life

AbstractDifferent current ideas on the origin of life are critically examined. Comparison of the now fashionable FeS/H2S pyrite-based autotrophic theory of the origin of life with the heterotrophic viewpoint suggest that the later is still the most fertile explanation for the emergence of life. However, the theory of chemical evolution and heterotrophic origins of life requires major updating, which should include the abandonment of the idea that the appearance of life was a slow process involving billions of years. Stability of organic compounds and the genetics of bacteria suggest that the origin and early diversification of life took place in a time period of the order of 10 million years. Current evidence suggest that the abiotic synthesis of organic compounds may be a widespread phenomenon in the Galaxy and may have a deterministic nature. However, the history of the biosphere does not exhibits any obvious trend towards greater complexity or «higher» forms of life. Therefore, the role of contingency in biological evolution should not be understimated in the discussions of the possibilities of life in the Universe.

History of the Modern Music of Western Europe

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael Georg Kiesewetter ◽  
Robert Muller
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Modern Music ◽  
History Of

Stability and Change in Emotional Intelligence: Exploring the Transition to Young Adulthood

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D.A. Parker ◽  
Donald H. Saklofske ◽  
Laura M. Wood ◽  
Jennifer M. Eastabrook ◽  
Robyn N. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Postsecondary Education ◽  
Life Transition ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Major Life ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Transition From High School

Abstract. The concept of emotional intelligence (EI) has attracted growing interest from researchers working in various fields. The present study examined the long-term stability (32 months) of EI-related abilities over the course of a major life transition (the transition from high school to university). During the first week of full-time study, a large group of undergraduates completed the EQ-i:Short; 32 months later a random subset of these students (N = 238), who had started their postsecondary education within 24 months of graduating from high school, completed the measures for a second time. The study found EI scores to be relatively stable over the 32-month time period. EI scores were also found to be significantly higher at Time 2; the overall pattern of change in EI-levels was more than can be attributed to the increased age of the participants.

A Confrontation between Two Doctrines: The Birth of Struggle for Hegemony in Hebrew Children's Literature during the 1930s and 1940s

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
YAEL DARR
Keyword(s):  
Children's Literature ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Children’S Literature ◽  
The Political ◽  
Literary Creation ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Level ◽  
First Time ◽  
Literary Quality

This article describes a crucial and fundamental stage in the transformation of Hebrew children's literature, during the late 1930s and 1940s, from a single channel of expression to a multi-layered polyphony of models and voices. It claims that for the first time in the history of Hebrew children's literature there took place a doctrinal confrontation between two groups of taste-makers. The article outlines the pedagogical and ideological designs of traditionalist Zionist educators, and suggests how these were challenged by a group of prominent writers of adult poetry, members of the Modernist movement. These writers, it is argued, advocated autonomous literary creation, and insisted on a high level of literary quality. Their intervention not only dramatically changed the repertoire of Hebrew children's literature, but also the rules of literary discourse. The article suggests that, through the Modernists’ polemical efforts, Hebrew children's literature was able to free itself from its position as an apparatus controlled by the political-educational system and to become a dynamic and multi-layered field.

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