scholarly journals Obstacles of Financing Small Projects by Jordanian Commercial Banks

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Abedalfattah Zuhair Al-abedallat ◽  
Naseem M Aburuman ◽  
Hamdan Moh' D Al – Hiyasat ◽  
Belal Rabah Taher Shammout
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Central Bank ◽  
Commercial Bank ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Statistical Relationship ◽  
The Government

The small projects sector suffers from many constraints, especially in terms of the financial side due to weakness in the finance, the problem of the study occurs based on the presence of obstacles in financing small projects by Jordanian Commercial Banks (Banking Obstacles, Small Projects Obstacles, and Governmental Obstacles). Thus, the study seeks to identify those obstacles, and it founded there is a significant statistical impact of the obstacles (Banking obstacles, Small projects Obstacles, Governmental obstacles) on the financing of small projects by Jordanian commercial banks. Also, there is a good statistical relationship between the obstacles (Banking obstacles, Small projects Obstacles, Governmental obstacles) and the financing of small projects by Jordanian commercial bank. The study recommended that the central bank should make laws that force banks to set aside a portion of the loans portfolio to small projects. Also, there is a need for the government to provide support to small projects, specifically in the training of the human resources and in the making of an economic feasibility study.

Resource based view of internationalization: evidence from Indian commercial banks

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debadutta Panda ◽  
Sriharsha Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Commercial Bank ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
International Diversification ◽  
State Ownership ◽  
Growth Strategies ◽  
Resource Based View ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
International Borrowing

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to understand the influence of internal resource drivers on internationalization of commercial banks. Design/methodology/approach – Panel data on 46 Indian commercial banks from 2008 to 2012 were collected from secondary sources to measure how assets size, human resources, branding and advertising, ownership and age influence the international diversification of the commercial bank. Internationalization of the commercial bank was measured in terms of international advances intensity, international borrowing intensity and number of countries served. Regression models were designed with controlled multicolinearity, heterogeneity and exogeneity. Findings – Higher assets’ size, higher human resources, private ownership and higher organizational age led to internationalization of Indian commercial banks. However, higher branding and advertisement expenses and state ownership were found to be negatively related to international diversification. Originality/value – Internationalization is one of the growth strategies of a firm which cannot be unified and generalized due to resource heterogeneity. So this necessitates a large number of studies sector-wise, sub-sector-wise, product-wise, industry-wise and region-wise. There is a dearth of literature on resource view of internationalization of commercial banks. So, this Indian study adds a new finding on resource-based view of internationalization to the existing body of knowledge.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF THIRD-PARTY FUNDS, NON-PERFORMING LOANS (NPL) ON CREDIT DISTRIBUTION WITH PROFITABILITY AS INTERVENING VARIABLE IN COMMERCIAL BANKS

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Hermuningsih ◽  
Pristin Prima Sari ◽  
Anisya Dewi Rahmawati
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Bank ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Bank Lending ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship

Banks are financial institutions that collect and distribute funds in the forms of deposits such as savings, deposits, current accounts, etc. from and for people who need funds for various needs, such as for consumption, working capital or business capital, housing and investment. In addition, banks must help the community to improve their living standards by distributing funds or giving credit to people who need funds. This is in accordance with the function of the bank itself, namely the bank as the distributor of funds. The purpose of this research is to examine and obtain evidence about factors that influence loan distribution at a bank. Internal factors that influence loan distribution are Third Party Funds, Non-Performing Loans, and Profitability. Efforts to increase credit at banks require optimal efforts to raise third-party funds, good credit management, and capital strengthening. This type of research is quantitative research with purposive sampling technique. The population used in this study is commercial banks from 2013 to 2017. The data come from commercial bank financial statements. As the benefit of this research the government can use it as a mapping material for distributing loan to commercial banks; the bank management can take it into consideration in making commercial bank lending policies. The results of the research show that profitability can mediate the relationship between third party funds and non-performing loans on loan distribution. Third party funds have a significant positive effect on loan distribution. Non-Performing Loans have a significant negative effect on loan distribution. Keywords: LOAN DISTRIBUTION, THIRD PARTY FUNDS, NON-PERFORMING LOANS, AND PROFITABILITY

The Swiss Sovereign Money Initiative

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 621-644
Author(s):  
Katrin Assenmacher ◽  
Claus Brand
Keyword(s):  
Central Bank ◽  
Commercial Bank ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Constitutional Amendment ◽  
Demand Deposits ◽  
Bank Balance Sheets ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis

Abstract On 10 June 2018, Switzerland voted against a constitutional amendment to introduce a system of sovereign money or Vollgeld. The proposal foresaw that all money be created by the central bank and that commercial banks be banned from creating demand deposits. Demand deposits would have been required to be held in off-balance sheet accounts at commercial banks. We discuss the specific features of this proposal and compare them to its historical predecessor, the Chicago plan. We argue that the Swiss initiative would not have tangibly enhanced financial, monetary, and economic stability. Specifically, if implemented earlier, it would not have addressed the root causes of the Global Financial Crisis and would have been ineffective in changing its course and its consequences for Switzerland. Though the Vollgeld proposal would have turned commercial bank into central bank money, close-money substitutes would likely have remained on the liability side of commercial bank balance sheets. Vollgeld would also unlikely have redeemed promises of ancillary effects such as a reduction in public debt, more sustainable economic growth, and less complex regulation. Forestalling and tackling financial imbalances requires limiting leverage and safeguarding liquidity buffers through bank-level and system-wide rules and regulation. Zusammenfassung Am 10. Juni 2018 lehnten drei Viertel der Schweizer Stimmberechtigten eine Verfassungsänderung ab, die ein Vollgeldsystem in der Schweiz eingeführt hätte. Der Vorschlag hätte der Notenbank das alleinige Recht zur Geldschöpfung gegeben und den Geschäftsbanken die Schaffung von Sichteinlagen verboten. Zahlungsverkehrskonten hätten von den Geschäftsbanken ausserhalb ihrer Bilanz geführt werden müssen. Wir diskutieren die Einzelheiten des Vorschlags und vergleichen sie mit dessen Vorgänger aus den 1930er Jahren, dem Chicago Plan. Wir argumentieren, dass sich die monetäre und wirtschaftliche Stabilität sowie die Finanzstabilität in der Schweiz durch die Annahme der Initiative nicht wesentlich verbessert hätten. Ein bestehendes Vollgeldsystem hätte nicht bei den Ursachen der Finanzkrise angesetzt und wäre unerheblich für ihren Verlauf und ihre Folgen für die Schweiz gewesen. Obwohl mit Vollgeld Sichteinlagen bei Geschäftsbanken in Zentralbankgeld umgewandelt worden wären, hätten geldnahe Einlagen auf der Passivseite der Bilanz weiter existiert. Vollgeld hätte auch Versprechen wie eine Senkung der Staatsverschuldung, ein nachhaltigeres Wachstum und eine weniger komplexe Bankenregulierung nicht erfüllt. Die Verhinderung und Bewältigung von finanziellen Ungleichgewichten erfordert eine Regulierung sowohl auf Bankenebene als auch für das Finanzsystem insgesamt, um die gesamtwirtschaftliche Verschuldung zu beschränken und Liquiditätspuffer zu schaffen. JEL Classification: E42, E50

scholarly journals Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Sampah: Antara Permasalahan Lingkungan dan Percepatan Pembangunan Energi Terbarukan

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-84
Author(s):  
Sri Nurhayati Qodriyatun
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Business Case ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Thermal Plant ◽  
The Government ◽  
Local Government Budget

The government is trying to encourage the use of renewable energy, one of which is from waste to energy power plant. Efforts to accelerate the development of the plant are carried out through Presidential Regulation Number 35 of 2018. However, only one plant has been operating commercially since May 6th, 2021. This study aims to describe the development, the obstacles, and whether the plant is a solution to meet electricity needs or environmental problems. Through qualitative research, we found that the plant in Surabaya has been operating commercially; the plants in Surakarta and DKI Jakarta are in the construction stage; the plants in Palembang and Tangerang are in the stage of confirming the developer, and the rest are still on auction stage, Pre- Feasibility Study, Outline Business Case, or Final Business Case. The high tipping fee, limited local government budget, overestimation of potential for waste as electricity, limited competent human resources, the high selling price of the plant electricity, and no bankable guarantee for investment are obstacles to the plant development. The thermal plant is an instant solution for cities with above 1.000 ton/day waste and limited land for landfills. In the future, there should be regulatory support through the Renewable Energy Bill to overcome the obstacles. In addition, there should be a careful calculation of the energy potential of waste, a minimum budget allocation of 2–3% for waste management and preparing capable human resources, providing adequate waste collection and transportation infrastructure, and educating the public on sorting waste. AbstrakPemerintah berupaya mendorong pemanfaatan energi terbarukan, salah satunya dengan membangun Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Sampah (PLTSa). Upaya mempercepat pembangunan PLTSa dilakukan melalui Peraturan Presiden Nomor 35 Tahun 2018. Namun, hingga 6 Mei 2021 hanya satu PLTSa telah beroperasi secara komersial. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan perkembangan pembangunan PLTSa, kendala-kendala dan permasalahan pengembangannya, dan apakah PLTSa solusi pemenuhan kebutuhan listrik atau mengatasi masalah lingkungan. Melalui penelitian kualitatif, diketahui 1 PLTSa sudah beroperasi secara komersial (di Surabaya), 2 PLTSa dalam tahap konstruksi (di Surakarta dan DKI Jakarta), 2 PLTSa dalam tahap sudah ada pengembang (di Palembang dan Tangerang), dan sisanya masih dalam tahap lelang, Pre-Feasibility Study, Outline Business Case, atau Final Business Case. Lambatnya pembangunan PLTSa terjadi karena tingginya tipping fee, anggaran pemerintah daerah terbatas, over estimasi potensi listrik dari sampah, keterbatasan sumber daya manusia yang kapabel, tingginya harga jual listrik PLTSa, tidak adanya insentif bagi pengembang, dan tidak adanya jaminan bankable untuk investasi. PLTSa termal merupakan solusi instan mengatasi permasalahan lingkungan untuk kota dengan produksi sampah di atas 1.000 ton/hari dan keterbatasan lahan untuk TPA. Untuk itu, perlu ada dukungan regulasi melalui RUU EBT mengenai harga jual listrik PLTSa yang bersaing, insentif bagi pengembang PLTSa, dan jaminan bankable untuk investasi PLTSa. Selain itu, perlu ada perhitungan secara cermat potensi energi dari sampah, alokasi APBD minimal 2–3% untuk pengelolaan sampah, dan menyiapkan sumber daya manusia yang kapabel, menyediakan sarana prasarana pengumpulan dan pengangkutan sampah yang memadai, dan mengedukasi masyarakat untuk memilah sampah.

Latvian banks face tighter scrutiny and some may merge

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Bank ◽  
Commercial Bank ◽  
Business Model ◽  
Money Laundering ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Content Type ◽  
High Profile ◽  
The Us

Significance Recent high-profile incidents have called into question the viability of the business model in large parts of Latvia’s banking sector. In February, the US Treasury accused ABLV Bank of laundering money for North Korea. Separately, Ilmars Rimsevics, governor of the Bank of Latvia (the central bank), was accused by a Latvian commercial bank of demanding bribes and taken into custody by the Bureau for Preventing and Combating Corruption (KNAB). Impacts Latvia’s reputation has suffered from the latest revelations and accusations of money laundering and corruption. There will be greater pressure on the Latvian authorities to be stricter on commercial banks whose main business is with non-residents. When this source of revenue dries up, some banks’ business models may have to change, also sparking some consolidation in the sector.

Extraterritorial Application of the U.S. Iranian Assets Control Regulations

1981 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 870-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard W. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Central Bank ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Treasury ◽  
Court Orders ◽  
The Government ◽  
The U.S

After American diplomatic and consular personnel in Iran were taken hostage in that country, the United States Treasury on November 14, 1979 promulgated the Iranian Assets Control Regulations. The regulations were of a sweeping character and, among other things, prohibited the Government of Iran, Iranian governmental entities, and Iran’s central bank from transferring or withdrawing dollar-denominated deposits held with foreign branches and subsidiaries of U.S. commercial banks (as well as deposits with domestic offices) without authorization by the Treasury. Iran’s central bank, Bank Markazi Iran, instituted suits in London and Paris to obtain court orders for withdrawal of its funds, notwithstanding the U.S. “freeze.” Those suits were essentially mooted by the Algeria-United States-Iran declarations and agreements of January 19 and 20, 1981, which provided for transfer of these funds as part of the arrangement to release the American hostages held by the Iranian authorities. While the litigation in London and Paris is now inactive, it raised issues that deserve thought because they are not necessarily unique and may arise again in other situations.

scholarly journals PERSONAL MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES IN GEORGIAN COMMERCIAL BANKS

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-43
Author(s):  
Nana Shonia ◽  
Zurab Mushkudiani ◽  
Khatuna Shalamberidze ◽  
Natela Janelidze
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Human Resource Management ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Commercial Bank ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Human Resources Management ◽  
General Strategy ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Personal Management

The aim of the research was to investigate the relation of Personal/Human Resource Management in Commercial Banks in Georgia. The effective, transparent and fair managing depends on many different factors and among them the personal/human resources management is one of the most important factors. The guarantee that the people who are properly chosen in the commercial bank, with appropriate skills, competencies and qualifications significantly increases their job effectiveness. It is remarkable that human resources management is being implemented differently in various countries. In some countries a special agency is created, which is centrally managed by the management of all human resources. While in some countries this practice is completely decentralized and each agency or department individually carries out personnel management. However, mainly mixed practices exist in the country where there is a central agency of human resources management, which defines the general strategy of human resource management, and directly implementing relevant activities such as selection and assessment. The results of the research allowed concluding that the main factor related to personal management in the commercial banks was the shortage of professionalism and financial resources. The lack of qualified staff was mentioned by the managers as an insuperable problem to introduce innovations as well. Keywords: commercial bank, personal management, innovative management, physiological climate.

scholarly journals FASILITAS DISKONTO (DISCOUNT WINDOWS) SEBAGAI INSTRUMEN MONETER DITINJAU DALAM PERSPEKTIF EKONOMI ISLAM

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
RINA EL MAZA ◽  
EGI PUTRA SETIAWAN
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Central Bank ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Profit Sharing ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Government ◽  
Islamic Economic ◽  
The Interest Rate

The government has an important role in the welfare of the people's economy. One of them is through the role of the central bank by carrying out monetary policy. This policy was adopted by the central bank or Bank Indonesia (BI) through several instruments, including through regulating discount rates for commercial banks. In this case, BI sets the inflation target as a reference for determining interest rates. When the inflation rate exceeds the targeted, BI will raise interest rates which in turn will reduce the credit issued by commercial banks to the public, because commercial banks must pay higher interest rates to the central bank. And the results of the analysis that the interest rate charged in the credit (Lending Facility) discount facility is classified as an act of usury. Meanwhile, the profits obtained from the deposit of funds in the Facility Deposit transaction are not permitted in the Islamic economy, because in the Islamic economy there is no interest rate but profit sharing, given the fixed and concrete interest rates. In addition, the discount facility is also incompatible with some Islamic economic principles, including; the principle of Illahiyah, Justice, and the government.

scholarly journals Effect of Bank Lending on Inflation in Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-43
Author(s):  
Neelam Timsina Dhungana ◽  
Radhe Shyam Pradhan
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Central Bank ◽  
Commercial Bank ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Bank Lending ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Correlation And Regression Analysis ◽  
Positive Effect

This study examines the effect of commercial bank lending on inflation in Nepal. The study has conducted correlation and regression analysis using panel data of twenty four commercial banks during the period of 1996 -2015. The empirical results show that bank lending has positive effect on the inflation in Nepal. The study implies that central bank willing to contain inflation should curtail excessive bank lending on unproductive and speculative sector.

CHALLENGES OF IMPLEMENTING CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY STRATEGIES BY COMMERCIAL BANKS IN KENYA

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Mbogoh ◽  
Professor Martin Ogutu
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Commercial Banking ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
The Government ◽  
Corporate Social

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to determine the challenges faced by commercial banks in Kenya in implementing corporate social responsibility strategies.Methodology: The research design was descriptive survey design. The population was 43 commercial banks in Kenya. Study was a census that is all the 43 duly licensed and operational commercial banking institutions within the country were used. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire.  The data analysis method was quantitative in nature.  Descriptive statistics was used. The particular descriptive statistics used were means scores and percentages. The software for analysis was SPSS Version 20.Results: Results indicated that a the macro-environment challenges affecting the implementation of corporate social responsibility strategies by commercial banks were overwhelming poverty, culture of a community and high tax rates. Results also indicated that the industry specific challenges affecting the implementation of corporate social responsibility strategies by commercial banks were: ability of customers to bargain for particular CSR projects and bargaining power of suppliers. Results also indicated that the other challenges affecting the implementation of corporate social responsibility strategies by commercial banks were incompetent human resources and lack of clear guidelines in the bank.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: Recommendations are that that in order to tackle the challenges faced by commercial banks in Kenya in implementing corporate social responsibility strategies then, the banks should ensure community participation before CSR implementation and the banks should understand the culture of a community. Bank should also ensure that it has structures on CSR implementation and the budgets on CSR should be made to facilitate effective resource allocation. Banks should carry out thorough market analysis on the CSR project. For effective implementation of CSR the government should tackle the problem of overwhelming poverty and high tax rates. The banks should employ competent human resources and give clear guidelines of CSR implementation.

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