scholarly journals Is India Really Competing with China on a Macro Economic Base

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Desti Kannaiah ◽  
Hemalatha J. N.
Keyword(s):  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Asian Country ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Total Employment ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Per Capita

<p>Macroeconomics has been aptly defined as “the study of the major economic ‘totals’ or aggregates-- total production (GNP), total employment and unemployment, the average price level of all goods and services, the total money supply, and others” (Gordon, 1978). The word macro is derived from the Greek word macros meaning large</p><p>The economy of India has seen rapid growth in recent years. Spurred by good domestic demand, steady and significant reforms, lower crude prices and increased skilled labor India is the fastest growing economy among the BRICS nations. Another Asian country which is also in the fast lane with respect to macroeconomic growth is China. China’s growth has primarily been attributed to a sharp sustained increase in productivity accompanied by increase in capital accumulation, improved infrastructure and cheap labor force (Hu &amp; Khan, 1997).</p>Both India and China have emerged as significant forces in the global economy over the last two decades. Both countries are geographically very large and have a huge population. Both countries have also achieved remarkable rates of economic growth and poverty reduction since 1980,with India doubling its per capita GDP and China posting a seven fold increase in its per capita GDP (Bosworth &amp; Collins, 2008) .A PWC report titled “World in 2050” predicts China and India to be world leading powerhouse economies by 2050.

Remittances and Economic Growth

2020 ◽  
pp. 325-343
Author(s):  
Mustafe Pllana ◽  
Aida Tmava
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Aggregate Demand ◽  
Trade Deficit ◽  
Financial Capital ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Multiplicative Effect ◽  
Per Capita

Economic growth has become an important study growth matter. By economists economic growth is defined as capital stock growth, rising per capita GDP, increased access for manufactured goods and services for consumption and so on. In economic growth affect several factors and policies. Corruption, lack of investment, inappropriate institutions, inappropriate education etc. are some of obstacles to economic development. Consumption and investment are important components of aggregate demand with multiplicative effect in development. Remittances of migrants are significant potential financial capital used for investments, reflected in economic development and social prosperity. Remittances in Kosovo since 1960 have always been increasing. Participation of remittances to GDP in Kosovo in 2010 is about 12%. Remittances are the highest contributor to the Kosovo trade deficit coverage and are higher than foreign direct investments. Remittances unfortunately for various reasons are not exploited and are not sufficiently exploited for economic development.

Poverty

2014 ◽  
pp. 174-196
Author(s):  
Abebe Shimeles
Keyword(s):  
Structural Transformation ◽  
Informal Sector ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Global Poverty ◽  
Inclusive Growth ◽  
Modern Sector ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Industrial Policies ◽  
Per Capita

Growth has been high and widespread in the last decade in Africa. Whether this shift in Africa’s fortune has impacted poverty has been a subject of controversy. This chapter brings into focus recent evidence on the pace of poverty reduction in Africa and addresses the question of whether Africa is too poor to grow. The findings points to credible evidence that poverty has declined significantly since the 1990s but at a lesser speed than growth in per capita GDP. More importantly, global poverty tends to respond much more strongly to shifts in sector of employment, particularly to increase in employment in the industrial sector, than to increase in mean income. In Africa the closing of the gap in living standars between a large traditional and informal sector and a dynamic modern sector will remain the most effective way to achieve poverty reduction. Challenges of structural transformation and its attendant benefits are discussed using emerging thinking on industrial policies to achieve inclusive growth in Africa.

Demographic Changes and the Gains from Globalisation: An Analysis of Ageing, Capital Flows, and International Trade

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1850201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Mérette ◽  
Patrick Georges
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Capital Flows ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Demographic Changes ◽  
Demographic Projections ◽  
Real Gdp ◽  
The World ◽  
Real Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Per Capita

This paper develops a multi-country overlapping-generations general equilibrium model to gauge the economic impact of demographic changes in the global economy and its transmission effects on different countries. Although severe demographic pressures contribute to significantly lower real GDP per capita across several regions in the world, globalisation through international trade generates an intertemporal gain from trade and a long-lasting improvement in the terms of trade of older OECD countries, which sustains their real consumption per capita (when goods from different geographical origins are assumed to be imperfectly substitutable), while globalisation through capital flows stimulates capital accumulation and growth in younger countries such as India and various parts of the rest of the world. The paper also illustrates that the very distinct demographic projections for China and India might, ceteris paribus, lead to striking divergences in their economic fortune.

The Population Obstacle to Economic Transformation in sub-Saharan Africa

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-477
Author(s):  
Patrick J. Gormely
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Structural Transformation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Development Effort ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Total Employment ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Sub Saharan

As the economic development of a country occurs, and its income per capita rises, an economic transformation takes place. The importance of both production and employment in agriculture, as proportions of total production and total employment, declines. This structural transformation of the less-developed economy from one dominated by agriculture to one dominated by non-agriculture has occurred in every country which has experienced a sustained rise in income per capita. Because the transformation has occurred in every successful development effort so far, we have reason to suspect that structural transformation is a concomitant of economic development, and will occur in the future as the less-developed countries experience economic development.

Productive versus unproductive entrepreneurship

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan F. Gohmann ◽  
Bradley K. Hobbs ◽  
Myra J. McCrickard
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Economic Freedom ◽  
Special Treatment ◽  
Total Employment ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Content Type ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Positive State

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the correlation between the degree of economic freedom in state institutions and industry employment and then determine how these correlations relate to economic growth. Design/methodology/approach – The authors find the correlation between employment and economic freedom for each NAICS industry code and then calculate total employment in industries with positive correlation and negative correlations. The authors use these values in a GDP equation. Findings – The authors find that employment growth in industries characterized by a negative correlation is associated with a decline in state per capita GDP. When the correlations between employment and economic freedom are positive, state per capita GDP tends to grow, even after accounting for overall economic freedom in the state. Research limitations/implications – Eliminating or reducing opportunities for firms to use government institutions to gain special treatment will lead to greater economic growth. Originality/value – This paper allows the data to determine which industries potentially engage in productive and unproductive entrepreneurship.

scholarly journals International purview of poverty control in the new emerging economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-56
Author(s):  
Nawazeesh Muhammad Ali ◽  
Wanakiti Wanasilp
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
International Political Economy ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Crude Birth Rate ◽  
Emerging Economy ◽  
Multiple Regression Equation ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Per Capita

Poverty is a socio-economic problem in Bangladesh which is an emerging economy. The research question of the study is “What are the ways of poverty drop in Bangladesh from the regulation of international political economy and development perspective and how governance of the country can reduce poverty?”. The time period of the research work is from August 2020 to December 2020. The study estimates the multiple regression equation. The study found that life expectancy and crude birth rate per 1000 are significant at a 5% level of significance against per capita GDP. Rising per capita GDP is the chief indicator of poverty reduction in the study, and the export earnings have been found to have a prominent role in rising per capita GDP indicating the needs for a stronger global partnership (SDG-17) alongside a strong local collaboration to achieve poverty reduction and become a middle-income country as per the Government’s Vision 2021. The study has observed that Bangladesh is gradually decreasing poverty over the time period, along with rising per capita income for which stable government regulation to drive poverty is needed so that LDC graduation in 2026 can be feasible

The diaspora effect to poverty alleviation in Zimbabwe

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (11) ◽  
pp. 381-416
Author(s):  
David Damiyano ◽  
Nirmala Dorasamy
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Poverty Levels ◽  
Research Analysis

The main objective of this study is to empirically examine the impact of diasporas on poverty alleviation in Zimbabwe from 1980 to 2017. Thus, this research analysis explores the empirical poverty alleviation impact of formal diaspora in Zimbabwe, using per capita GDP and income inequality as control variables. Using the Ordinary Least Squares estimation at first difference and linearized data, the study found no statistical evidence that remittances contribute towards poverty reduction in Zimbabwe over the period under review. However, per capita GDP and income inequality with positive and negative expected signs, were found to have statistically significant coefficients at 1 percent and 10 percent, respectively and accounted for 65 percent of changes in poverty levels in Zimbabwe. The study failed to establish a relationship between remittances and poverty levels in Zimbabwe because it used the data on remittances from the formal channels only while most of the remittances get their way into the economy through informal channels. The study goes on further to recommend measures that improve formal inflows of remittances into the economy such as granting voting franchise to people in the diaspora so that they can participate in the country’s democratic processes as well as putting in place policies that promote the investment of diaspora monies into the financial sector and help enhance financial literacy of both migrants and their households.

scholarly journals The Performance of Agricultural Cooperatives to Endorse Socio-Economic Development in Ethiopia.

2020 ◽  
pp. 199-205
Author(s):  
Srinivasan S ◽  
Barani Sundaram B
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Employment Opportunity ◽  
Agricultural Product ◽  
Agricultural Cooperatives ◽  
The Public ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The People

Cooperatives in Ethiopia provide assistance mainly agricultural farmers’ input and marketing for their produces. Hence, cooperatives are receiving due attention because of their immense contribution to address the challenge of the people with regard to low level of income, unemployment, poor market for agricultural product etc. It is not surprising that the cooperatives have a great role in generating income, providing goods and services at reasonable price to their members goes down to the rural areas and provide employment opportunity to the citizen also. Consequently, cooperatives have a considerable contribution in poverty reduction thereby developing the national economy. Secondary data regarding agricultural inputs distribution in the year 2015/16-2018/19, agricultural output marketing by cooperatives from 2016-2018, cooperatives provide job opportunities, performance of primary and secondary cooperatives -2016/17 has been used to analyze performance of agricultural cooperatives in Ethiopia. Cooperatives represent more than 85% of the total input supply to the public and the price drop to the public through competitive order on average 10-15%. The cooperatives of the country contribute meaningful employment opportunity and poverty alleviation in the country in the last ten years and Primary and secondary cooperatives undertaking countless work among the members and their capital accumulation is outstanding in the nation.

scholarly journals The future of Russia in greater Eurasia: challenges for education and science

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 186-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viacheslav A. Shuper
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Asian Country ◽  
Scale Transformation ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Future

Russia’s share of the global economy will continue to decline, even if the necessary reforms are implemented. Therefore, Russia will not be able to supplement its military and political influence with economic one. However, it will be able to supplement it with a powerful ideological influence and become an intellectual leader of non-Western countries through the development of education and science. This requires a transition from extensive development to intensive one, the idea of which was laid by the disgraced Soviet philosopher Michael Petrov. Such a transition will require fundamental reforms in both spheres, the rejection of quantitative fetishism, i.e. the transition from quantitative to qualitative assessments. Profound transformations should be preceded by a creative search for more effective forms of organization of education and science both. At the same time, the analysis of historical experience, both domestic and foreign, can be much more fruitful than borrowing modern foreign models, since neither science nor education in the West are now flourishing. Reforms of education and science should be “sharpened” under the Asian vector of development. Large-scale transformation is more likely to succeed when associated with a new big deal. These are the study and teaching of Oriental languages, Asian country studies, all kinds of applied research related to the development of energy-intensive and water-intensive technologies, basic research, allowing to increase the export of high-tech goods and services in the future, etc. Asian Russia is destined to become the laboratory of the future, a huge testing ground for experimental testing of new solutions — institutional, managerial, technological, distributed in case of success to the whole country or to the most economically powerful regions of European Russia and the Urals. It would be a strong move to make Novosibirsk the main intellectual center of Asian Russia’s reconstruction. In the research centers of Siberian branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences it is necessary to revive the unique experience of training in the course of research. This will give impetus not only to the development of natural and exact Sciences, but also the Humanities through a sharp strengthening of the training of Orientalists, specialists in various fields in Asia.

International differences in labor productivity: Role of capital, technological level and resource rent

2016 ◽  
pp. 67-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Zaytsev
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Resource Rent ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Technological Level ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Oil Sector ◽  
Population Ratio ◽  
Gdp Gap ◽  
Productivity Gap

Using level accounting methodology this article examines sources of per capita GDP and labor productivity differences between Russia and developed and developing countries. It considers the role played by the following determinants in per capita GDP gap: per hour labor productivity, number of hours worked per worker and labor-population ratio. It is shown that labor productivity difference is the main reason of Russia’s lagging behind. Factors of Russia’s low labor productivity are then estimated. It is found that 33-39% of 2.5-5-times labor productivity gap (estimated for non-oil sector) between Russia and developed countries (US, Canada, Germany, Norway) is explained by lower capital-to-labor ratio and the latter 58-65% of the gap is due to lower technological level (multifactor productivity). Human capital level in Russia is almost the same as in developed countries, so it explains only 2-4% of labor productivity gap.

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