scholarly journals Basic Factors Motivating the Extension of Word Meaning

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Aytaj Sadiq Hasanova
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Word Meaning ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Linguistic Analyses ◽  
Thinking Processes ◽  
Human Thinking ◽  
Development Of Language ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Linguistic Phenomenon

The present study was conducted to investigate the psycholinguistic bases and realization mechanism of semantic changes. Semantic extension that occurs in words comprehended in original nominative meaning has many times been the objective of linguistic investigations. As modern linguistics focuses more and more on the relationship of language and cognition, language and psychology, linguistic analyses and studies of word semantics are also directed to cognitive and thinking processes. The article aims to scrutinize main factors that bring about semantic changes. The semantic structure of a word undergoes multilateral changes throughout the historical development of language. Most words in language may assume additional meanings in functional speech that are not fixed in their lexicographic definitions. These peripheral or potential semantic components of meaning are realized in the thoughts of people in certain contexts. One of the reasons bringing about polysemy is explained by generalizing character of human thinking. The current study explains the approaches of both traditional and cognitive linguistics towards the above-mentioned linguistic phenomenon. The article also provides the interpretation of semantic development on the basis of the element of reality—the minimum unit that is comprehended, introduced in the theory of Linguo-Psychological Unity (LPU) newly created in Azerbaijani linguistics.

Features of Representation of Color Names in Kazakh and English Toponyms

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (118) ◽  
pp. 202-214
Author(s):  
A.K. Meırbekov ◽  
◽  
A.E. Smatova ◽  
B.M. Tіleýberdıev ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
External World ◽  
Place Names ◽  
Orientation Function ◽  
The World ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Land Water ◽  
Color Components ◽  
Made In

This article deals with the study of toponyms of Kazakh and English toponymy in the context of cognitive linguistics and the mechanism of interpretation of representation and perception of color names in toponyms and the principles of construction of these mechanisms. Toponyms are analyzed as a speech expression processed in the consciousness of the linguistic image of the world-the relationship of man and the environment. The modern stage of place names in cognitive research includes the consideration of language as one of the cognitive subsystems and onomastic vocabulary in the formulation of surrounding truths. The composition of the national toponymic picture of the world determines the motivation of the land-water names made in relation to the color names. Studying the combination of onym appellation, nominated from the attributes of the colors used in both languages. The color designation in toponyms is considered in connection with the peculiarities of geographical objects and their perception by human visual organs. Due to the fact that the external world is transmitted to different peoples in the form of specific idioethnic patterns, in place names of different ethnic groups, color symbols are recognized by new facets. The article discusses the color characteristics of the space in the names earth-water, given as a sample. Various approaches to the nature of the color components of geographical names are analyzed, and the possibility of symbolic and orientational interpretation of color is shown. The fact that the color in toponyms can serve as an orientation function, and not just as an indicator of the horizon side, also does not go unnoticed. The toponyms also present the results of research related to the nature of the object in which the symbolism of color orientation is nominated.

All-Russian word paradigmatic aspect in the Arkhangelsk’s sub-dialect

Neophilology ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
Margarita K. Pak
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Russian Word ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The research is devoted to the consideration of the paradigmatic aspect of All-Russian nouns based on the material of the Arkhangelsk’s sub-dialects. We consider All-Russian nouns with rich polysemy in the Arkhangelsk’s sub-dialects, which have a large number of semantic equivalents in relation to bilateral implication. In lexical synonymy, homonymy of Russian sub-dialects, along with distinctive features, there are many similarities with synonymy, homonymy in the vocabulary of the literary language. It is established that All-Russian nouns have large synonymic series defined by language units, which are in the relationship of semantic juxtaposition. In the dialect system, as well as in the literary language, each lexical meaning has its own set of synonyms, which confirms a certain connection of synonymy with polysemy, in other words, a certain connection between paradigmatic relations and the semantic structure of the word is obvious. It is proved that in the dialect system the synonymic chain expands due to the nominations of species branches. In this study we discover characteristic detailing fixing an object, the phenomenon with a different set of concrete distinctive signs that creates certain conditions for rich synonymy.

Construction grammars

AILA Review ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 115-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randal Holme
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Language Teachers ◽  
Grammatical Analysis ◽  
Second Language Teachers ◽  
Lexical Phrase ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Pedagogical Grammar ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Language Content

Constructions are the central unit of grammatical analysis in cognitive linguistics. In formal linguistics ‘construction’ referred to forms that were projected from lexical items rather than from an autonomous syntax. Thus, an expression, ‘I danced the night away’ requires an intransitive verb in a transitive construction provided ‘away’ is present. In cognitive linguistics, constructions comprise any grouping of words or morphemes that in combination possess meanings that cannot be predicted from the parts in isolation. This meaning belongs to the construction itself and is not necessarily dependent upon the presence of a given item of lexis. If this definition is accepted by second language teachers the fundamental interest is that language learning is about learning lexis, constructions, and the text types by which constructions are combined. This article first distills a concept of a construction useful to a pedagogical grammar and considers the relationship of this concept of form to better known language content ‘packets’ such as the structure and the lexical phrase. Last, it discusses how a CL concept of construction does and does not propose different pedagogical methods.

scholarly journals Content Analysis of Rock Poetry Texts when Describing the Semantics of the WAY and ROAD Symbols

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-25
Author(s):  
I. A. Avdeenko
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Word Meaning ◽  
Abstract Logic ◽  
Linguistic Unit ◽  
Contextual Environment ◽  
Objective Description ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

The article deals with the question of methods for describing lexical semantics. Special attention is paid to symbols — linguistic signs expressing the worldview of culture. The relevance of the study is due to the need to develop an objective description methodology that meets both modern concepts of the semantics of a word and the nature of a symbol. A review of modern concepts of the word meaning is carried out. The question is raised about the possibility of describing the semantics of a symbol based on the analysis of the contextual environment of a linguistic sign. Attention is paid to cases of direct, figurative, symbolic and regular arbitrary use of the word. The author’s development of a methodology for qualitative and quantitative content analysis of a representative sample of texts in describing the semantics of a symbol is presented. The classification of the levels of analysis of the composition of words that form the context of the use of the symbol is proposed. The author dwells on the stages and procedures for extracting the semantics of a symbol from the context in which it is used. The results of a comparative analysis of the semantics of the WAY and ROAD symbols in the language of Russian rock poetry are presented. It is proved that the presented methodology allows describing the semantics of a symbol, relying not on the abstract logic of the relationship of concepts, but on the semantic relations fixed in the text. The novelty of the research is seen in the fact that this technique allows us to consider a symbol not as an occasional, but as a linguistic unit, regularly reproduced by the carriers of the corresponding representations.

scholarly journals The term «Concept»

2020 ◽  
pp. 236-243
Author(s):  
Zh. M. Kakulya ◽  
D. D. Jantassova
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Conceptual System ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Cultural Phenomenon ◽  
The World ◽  
Universal Definition ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

In recent years in the humanitarian field of scientific knowledge more and more attention has been paid to the relationship of language and culture, language and national mentality, language and national consciousness. In this connection, the object of study, the approaches and methods of describing and studying language are being reinterpreted. Researches pay more and more attention to such a category as a concept. Despite a widespread use of this concept in the field of scientific research, the term «concept» itself has not yet received an unambiguous interpretation. And this is due to the fact that researchers representing various branches of scientific knowledge, single out and consider decisive various features of this object. At present it should be recognized that it is a concept that is the key of cognitive linguistics. However, despite the fact that a concept can be considered established for modern cognitive science, the content of this concept varies significantly in the conceptions of various scientific schools and individual scientists. The fact is that a concept is a category of thinking that is not observable, and this gives a lot of room for its interpretation. Today the category of a concept appears in the studies of philosophers, logicians, psychologists, and cultural scientists, and it bears the traces of all these extra-linguistic interpretations. This term, although firmly established in modern linguistics, does not still have a single definition, although many well-known scholars are fruitfully studying a concept: N. D. Arutyunova, A. P. Babushkin, A. Vezhbitskaya, E. S. Kubryakova, S. E. Nikitina, V. N. Telia, R. M. Frumkin and others. Thus, it can be stated that the term of a concept in linguistics is both old and new at the same time. Back in 1928 famous scientist S. A. Askoldov published the article «Concept and Word», but until the middle of the last century, a concept was not perceived as a term in scientific literature. A concept is a cultural phenomenon of storing, developing and accumulating information, perhaps its universal definition is the shortest logical characteristic: a concept is a constructive concept of storing and accumulating information in the linguistic picture of the world. Thus, concepts represent the world in the head of a person, forming a conceptual system, and the signs of the human language encode the content of this system in a word.

scholarly journals HOMO CULTURALIS VERSUS CULTURA ANIMI

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Patrik Maturkanič ◽  
Ivana Tomanova Cergetova ◽  
Peter Kondrla ◽  
Viktoria Kurilenko ◽  
Jose Garcia Martin
Keyword(s):  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Image Of God ◽  
Fundamental Aspect ◽  
Cultural Dimension ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Thinking ◽  
Level Of Thinking ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Image Of God

Aim. Presented study deals with the cultural dimension. It analyses external and internal human activities, that are creating the polarity develop values. The aim of the study is to clarify and connect the theoretical level of thinking with the reality of life practice, which shows the true meaning of human existence. Concept. The study highlights the importance of human thinking and decision making. Through the actions, one develops and creates the values of human dignity. The study focuses on the importance of two dimensions (horizontal and vertical dimensions of man), the relationship of man to God. Human culture includes behavior that can be learned and is shaped by the environment in which one lives. This contribution is  to clarify a culture of thinking that is a reflection of the soul of human being. Since culture is not only a matter of individual dispositions but also of social reality, it is right to underline this dual aspect of the plurality dimension (Binetti et al., 2021).             Conclusion. The study identifies a fundamental aspect of the culture's values, which show the potential of the soul of every human being. Human values influence thinking and actions of human being, thus creating the image of God.

scholarly journals Thinking processes in the functional structure of intelligence

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.V. Selivanov
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Functional Structure ◽  
Thought Processes ◽  
Mental Processes ◽  
Thinking Processes ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The study investigates the presence and peculiarities of mental processes functioning in the structure of the existing intelligence. We investigated the relationship of some parameters of intelligence and procedural characteristics of thinking during problem solving. The results of correlation and discriminant analysis showed that the thought processes is associated with components of intelligence in solving problems. It has been hypothesized that thinking and intelligence are of a similar functional structure, which includes thought processes.

Words and Intentions

Philosophy ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 52 (199) ◽  
pp. 45-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmond L. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Word Meaning ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship of word-meaning to speaker's-meaning has not been examined thoroughly enough. Some philosophical problems are solved and others made plainer if the full consequences of a proper relationship between these two is worked out.

The Concept of cultural values from the Philosophical point of view

2021 ◽  
pp. 105-109
Author(s):  
A.V. Grishchuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
Social System ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Social ◽  
Development Of Language ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The article describes the meaning of the philosophical category of “values”, its integration with culture, the role and significance of cultural values, the formation of a culture of being, examples of interpretations of philosophers of the 19th and 20th centuries are given. The categories of objects that are cultural values are highlighted. Also, the article discusses in detail the axiological approaches in philosophy and highlights several facts that deserve special attention. While working with this article, we come to the conclusion that the “Axiological Turn” describes in great detail the relationship of people, both just one-on-one with each other, and with a group, with society. The key moment in this event is the development of such forms of thinking inherent in culture and man, which will help maintain good relationships with the environment, with nature, with society. The “axiological turn” helps people to understand the importance of feeling a part of society and how important the development of language is as a means of intercultural communication. “Axiological turn” describes culture as an integral composite phenomenon, consisting of independent elements, but related to each other. All these elements are characteristic of any group of people and are one of the main sources of communication, self-identification and also the integration of the individual into the social system.

scholarly journals Bisogni Linguistici specifici e apprendimento della grammatica

EL LE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Daloiso ◽  
Gonzalo Jiménez Pascual
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Specific Language ◽  
Cognitive Limitations ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Language Needs ◽  
Development Of Language ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
The Relationship

The present paper discusses the potential of Cognitive Linguistics in the study of Specific Language Needs, i.e. pupils with specific impairment in the areas of communication and language acquisition. The paper is ideally divided into two parts. Part one provides a brief overview of how Cognitive Linguistics views the relationship between language and cognition and discusses clinical evidence supporting the idea that these are interrelated in developmental disorders. Consequently, Specific Language Needs should be reframed as cognitive limitations that selectively impact the development of language and communication. The second part of the paper shows that adopting a cognitive linguistic view can also be advantageous in the teaching of second/foreign languages to pupils with Specific Language Needs. After discussing the limitations of traditional approaches to the teaching of grammar, the authors present some potential applications which help overcome some typical learning difficulties experienced by pupils with Specific Language Needs.

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