scholarly journals Growth and Gas Exchange of Cnidoscolus quercifolius Fertilized With Potassium and Under Water Deficit

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Fabio Rodrigues Ramos ◽  
Antonio Lucineudo de Oliveira Freire
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Four Levels

This study aimed to investigate the gas exchange, growth and biomass production of Cnidoscolus quecifolius fertilized with potassium and submited to different water conditions. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, with 4 replications and two plants per experimental unit, with treatments arranged in factorial scheme 3 × 4, corresponding to three levels of potassium (0 (control), 97.5 and 195 mg dm-3 K) and four levels of water (100% (control), 75%, 50% and 25% of pot capacity). Growth (height, shoot diameter, leaf area, and dry mass) and physiogical parameters (water potencial (Ψw), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (E), net photosynthesis (A), CO2 intercelular concentration (Ci), carboxylation efficiency (A/Ci), and intrinsic water use efficiency (A/E). Increase in potassium promoted rise in Ψw, gs, E, and A. However, it not influenced the growth parameters, except roots dry mass. Reduction in water levels reduced Ψw, gs, E and A, growth and dry matter production of plants. It is recommended that the substrate moisture level of 75% of the pot capacity in the early growth stages of faveleira seedlings.

scholarly journals Broccoli yield in response to top-dressing fertilization with green manure and biofertilizer

Revista CERES ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 645-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilberto Bernardo de Freitas ◽  
Márcio Sousa Rocha ◽  
Ricardo Henrique Silva Santos ◽  
Letícia Monteiro da Silva Freitas ◽  
Leandro de Almeida Resende
Keyword(s):  
Green Manure ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Protected Cultivation ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Organic Compost

The objective of this work was to evaluate the productive performance of broccoli under different top-dressing organic fertilizations. The experiment was conducted under protected cultivation, in a completely randomized design with four replications, with two plants per experimental unit. Broccoli seedlings were produced in a commercial substrate in styrofoam trays. The seedlings were transplanted to plastic pots containing 10.0 L of substrate made up of subsoil and organic compost at the ratio of 3:1 (v/v), respectively, which is equivalent to about 20.0 t ha-1 of organic compost at planting. After seedling establishment, the top-dressing fertilization treatments were applied: gliricidia biomass associated or not with liquid biofertilizer of cattle manure to the soil and bokashi. Two control treatments were established: one with mineral fertilization recommended for the crop and the other without top-dressing fertilization. The broccoli production was evaluated (commercial standard). Plants that received mineral fertilizer were more productive, however, they were not significantly different (p>0.05), by Dunnet test, from the plants fertilized with 2.5 t ha-1 gliricidiabiomass (dry mass) associated with liquid biofertilizer (2.0 L m-2) applied to soil. Top-dressing fertilizations with only gliricidia, at 2.5 and 5.0 t ha-1 of biomass (dry mass), resulted in no significant increase in production of broccoli inflorescence. The use of bokashi in addition to gliricidia biomass and liquid biofertilizer reduced the efficiency of the fertilization compared with plants that received only gliricidia and liquid biofertilizer.

scholarly journals Physiological responses of beet plants irrigated with saline water and silicon application

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. E3113
Author(s):  
José Sebastião de Melo Filho ◽  
Toshik Iarley da Silva ◽  
Anderson Carlos de Melo Gonçalves ◽  
Leonardo Vieira de Sousa ◽  
Mario Leno Martins Véras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Carbon Concentration ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Although not considered an essential element, silicon can be used to increase crop productivity, especially under stress conditions. In this sense, the objective was to evaluate the gas exchange of beet plants irrigated with saline water depending on the application of silicon. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, in a 5 x 5 factorial, referring to five levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water (ECw): (0.5; 1.3; 3.25; 5.2 and 6.0 dS m-1) and five doses of silicon (0.00; 2.64; 9.08; 15.52 and 18.16 mL L-1), with six beet plants as an experimental unit. The effect of treatments on beet culture was evaluated at 30 and 60 days after irrigation with saline water from measurements of internal carbon concentration, stomatal conductance, net photosynthesis rate, instantaneous water use efficiency and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency using the LCpro+Sistem infrared gas analyzer (IRGA). Irrigation with saline water reduced the gas exchange of beet plants at 60 days after irrigation, but at 30 days after irrigation, the use of saline water increased stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and internal carbon concentration. The application of silicon decreased stomatal conductance, internal carbon concentration and efficiency in the use of water, but increased the rate of net photosynthesis, the rate of transpiration and instantaneous efficiency of carboxylation at 30 and 60 days after irrigation.

scholarly journals Effects of Aluminum and pH on Germination of Echium plantagineum L.

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 313
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Roso ◽  
Ubirajara Russi Nunes ◽  
Caren Alessandra Müller ◽  
Juçara Terezinha Paranhos ◽  
Sidinei José Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aerial Part ◽  
Aluminum Sulfate ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
The Third ◽  
Sulfate Solutions ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Primary Root Length ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings

The objetive of this study was to identify the effects of aluminum concentrations and pH levels of solution on germination of Echium plantagineum L. seeds. Three different experiments were carried out in completely randomized design with four repetitions. In the first experiment, we used aluminum sulfate solutions in concentrations of 0.0; 0.3; 0.6; 1.0; 2.0; 3.0; 4.0; 5.0; 6.0 and 7.0 cmolc L-1 and in the second experiment, solutions with different pH, 3.0; 4.0; 5.0; 6.0; 7.0; 8.0; 9.0 and 10.0. In the third experiment, we carried out a factorial (4x4) with aluminum sulfate solutions (0.0; 2.0; 4.0 and 6.0 cmolc L-1) and pH (4.0; 5.0; 6.0 and 7.0). It was evaluated the germination of Echium plantagineum L. at four and 14 days after seeding (DAS), germination speed index, primary root length, aerial part and dry mass of seedlings. The presence of aluminum reduced the germination by 27 and 40% at four and 14 DAS, respectively, in concentrations superior to 3.0 cmolc L-1. The three growth parameters presented linear reduction with the increase of aluminum concentrations. In the second experiment, the solutions with pH of 3.0 and 10.0 provided increases in germination, length of root and aerial part, and little influence in the dry mass of seedlings. In the third experiment, there was significant interaction between the aluminum concentrations and pH levels of substrate. The presence of aluminum in the substrate presented toxic effect on germination of seeds, length of seedlings and dry mass. The pH of the solution has little effect in germination of seeds and in the growth of seedlings of E. plantagineum.

scholarly journals Seasonal Differences in Growth, Photosynthetic Pigments and Gas Exchange Properties in Two Greenhouse Grown Maize (Zea Mays L.) Cultivars

2014 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iqbal Hussain ◽  
Abdul Wahid ◽  
Rizwan Rasheed ◽  
Hafiz Muhammad Akram
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Cropping Patterns ◽  
Photosynthetic Responses ◽  
Photosynthetic Attributes

Abstract The greenhouse (GH) effect has emerged as a major factor in changing cropping patterns and limiting crop yields. This study was conducted to determine the comparative growth and photosynthetic responses of selected heat-resistant (cv. Sadaf) and heat-susceptible (cv. Agatti-2002) cultivars of maize to simulated GH conditions during spring and autumn seasons at seedling, silking and grain filling stages in 2007. Fifteen day old plants were shifted to plexiglass-fitted canopies to create GH conditions and data were recorded at each growth stage. The results revealed that the seasons, GH conditions and cultivars had large effects on plant growth and photosynthetic attributes. Simulated GH conditions increased the canopy temperature 4-7 °C in spring and 3-5 °C in autumn, but increased relative humidity by 2-3% in spring and 5-9% in autumn season. Although GH reduced the growth of both cultivars, shoot dry mass was reduced more in spring grown heat-susceptible maize at all growth stages. Although the cultivars showed a decrease in growth and photosynthesis, GH conditions resulted in less damage to cv. Sadaf than cv. Agatti-2002 in both seasons. Major indicators of sensitivity to GH effect were loss of chlorophyll b and carotenoids, reductions in net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance, and possibly reduced ability of Rubisco to fix CO2 in sensitive maize.

scholarly journals Germination and seedling growth of indigenous aman rice under salt stress

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-187
Author(s):  
D Das ◽  
MA Ali ◽  
TA Sarkar ◽  
MY Ali
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Germination Capacity ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Four Levels

The experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Laboratory of Agrotechnology Discipline, KhulnaUniversity, Khulnato determine the effect of salt stress on germination and seedling growth of indigenous Aman rice varieties during June, 2015 to December, 2015.  The salt tolerant landraces will be used as genetic resource for variety development program in future. The factorial experiment consists of two factors such as ten indigenous Aman rice varieties and four levels of salt solutions viz EC (dS m−1) of 5, 10 and 15 with control (distilled water). The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications. The interaction effects between variety and salinity on germination and seedling growth parameters of indigenous Aman rice varieties were varied significantly. It was found that germination capacity, energy, speed, seedling vigor index, root length and shoot length of rice were decreased gradually with increasing salinity. The germination energy and germination speed of most varieties were drastically reduced at 10 dS m−1 or higher salinity levels. The germination capacity of Hatibazor, Boushohagi, Shadagotal and Moinamoti were recorded 97.66 %, 99.33%, 98.0 % and 97.33%, respectively at 15 dS m−1 water salinity in laboratory condition. The results revealed that the indigenous Aman rice varieties named Boushohagi, Shadagotal, Hatibazor, Moinamoti, Motha were performed better over other varieties considering of germination and seedling growth parameters.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 15(2): 182-187, December 2017

scholarly journals IN-VITRO SCREENING OF DIFFERENT TOMATO GENOTYPES AGAINST PEG INDUCED WATER STRESS

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Muhammad Saqib Naveed ◽  
Ayesha Manzoor ◽  
Ahsan Javed ◽  
Muhammad Azeem Tariq
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Seedling Biomass ◽  
Root And Shoot Length ◽  
Tomato Genotypes

Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum L.) is one of the most economically important plants in the Solanaceae family. Water scarcity is one of the major climatic constraints which is affecting all crops including tomato in the world. Selection of water stress tolerant cultivars is an important strategy to overcome this problem. Therefore the present research was conducted to determine the effect PEG induced water stress on germination percentage and early growth stages of tomato seedlings. Fifteen different tomato genotypes were screened under in-vitro conditions using two different concentrations of PEG (2% and 4%). The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Parameters like germination percentage (%), root length (cm), shoot length (cm) and seedling biomass (g) were recorded during the experiment. Results indicated that PEG induced water stress significantly reduced germination percentage (%) and other growth parameters in drought susceptible tomato genotypes (RUS-1, Rustam, R-2017, Pakit, 17904, Kashmiri, Kiara, Avinash, and K.K.2). Whereas in other genotypes “R. Wonder, Naqeeb, Rio grande, T-4, Patfeeder and Nagina” all parameters increase with an increase in PEG concentration. However among these genotypes, “Patfeeder” exhibited highest germination percentage (100 %) with maximum root and shoot length and seedling biomass at highest PEG concentration 4%. Based on experimental results, “Patfeeder” was considered a drought tolerant genotype due to its better performance in different levels of water stress.

scholarly journals Performance of purslane biomass production (Portulaca oleracea) under different organic substrate concentrations

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Elias de Olvidera ◽  
J. Barboza Pereira ◽  
Ch. G. Da Silva ◽  
A. Das Graças Teixeira ◽  
L. Pin Dalvi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Organic Substrate ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Organic Fertilization ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Substrate Concentrations

Objectives: To evaluate different concentrations based on cattle manure as an alternative in purslane production. Methodology: The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Center for Agricultural Sciences and Engineering of the Federal University of Espirito Santo in Alegre, ES/ Brazil. The experimental arrangement used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 6 replications. The treatments consisted of distinct dosages of the substrate based on cattle manure (0 mL; 125 mL; 250 mL; 500 mL and 1000 mL), which were applied in 5 L of soil, considered as an experimental unit. Root dry mass and aerial dry mass were evaluated. Results: Application of 500 mL of cattle manure provided a higher accumulation of shoot dry mass (25 g/plant). For root dry mass, there were no statistically significant differences. Conclusions: Under the conditions of the present work, it is concluded that the use of organic manure with cattle manure is viable.Keywords: Organic fertilization, fertilization levels, cattle manure; dry weight.

scholarly journals Empire Turf ® chemical fertilization grown on three substrates

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 145-149
Author(s):  
Jéssica Cristina Meira Bezerra ◽  
Matheus Vinicios Leal do Nascimento ◽  
Patrick Luan Ferreira dos Santos ◽  
Brian Turati Rezende ◽  
Regina Maria Monteiro de Castilho
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Sand Soil ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Chemical Fertilization ◽  
Chlorophyll Index ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Empire Turf® was the first national cultivar developed, compared to traditional Emerald grass, the Empire is characterized by fast establishment, high erosion control, tolerance to irrigation with non-drinking water, firmer carpets, good drought and salinity tolerance, shading and low demands on soil fertility. However, despite all these desirable characteristics, the development and establishment of the grass will depend on its handling and especially on the substrate in which it is installed. Thus, this study evaluated the development of Empire Turf® conducted on three substrates, with chemical fertilization. The experiment was carried out in containers (volume of 8.5 L) filled with the treatments: T1 - soil; T2 - soil + sand + soil conditioner (1v:1v:1v) and T3 - soil + sand (1v:1v), forming a completely randomized design with three treatments and three repetitions, considering each container as an experimental unit. On March 30, 2019, the first evaluation was carried out, then the treatments received chemical fertilization (NPK+S 13-5-13+14), using 20g of the commercial product diluted in 2L of water, being a single dose per container. After 15 days, in the 2nd evaluation, it was evaluated: foliar chemical analysis, the foliar chlorophyll index (FCI), fresh mass (FM) and dry mass (DM). The results indicated that Empire Turf® presents a rapid response of 15 days, after maintenance fertilization with 10g L-1 of NPK+S (13-5-13+14), having better development when cultivated in soil + sand compound substrate (1v:1v).

scholarly journals Gas exchange, leaf and root dry mass in Bell Pepper under fertigation with nitrogen and potassium

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Zolin Lorenzoni ◽  
Roberto Rezende ◽  
Álvaro Henrique Cândido de Souza ◽  
Fernando André Silva Santos ◽  
Cláudia Salim Lozano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Carbon Concentration ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Carboxylation Efficiency ◽  
Physiological Variables

Bell pepper is a vegetable-fruit of great economic importance in Brazil. Crop production demands adequate water supply, nutrients, and light. The objective of this study was to evaluate gas exchange (net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, internal carbon concentration and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency) and dry mass accumulation in leaves and roots under fertigation with nitrogen and potassium. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in a factorial scheme (4 × 4) with four replications and a total of 64 experimental units. Treatments consisted of a combination of four nitrogen doses (0; 73.4; 146.8 and 293.6 kg ha-1 of N) with four doses of potassium (0; 53.3; 106.7 and 213.4 kg ha-1 of K). An infrared gas analyzer (IRGA) coupled with a light source (irradiation of 600 µmol m-2 s-1) was used for the evaluation of gas exchange. There was a significant interactive effect of N and K on net photosynthesis and leaf and root dry mass. Root dry mass was the variable that best expressed this interaction. Physiological variables measured were more responsive to nitrogen fertilization than to K fertilization. The optimum values of stomatal conductance, transpiration, internal carbon concentration and carboxylation efficiency were obtained with the application of nitrogen doses between 147 and 294 kg ha-1.

Differences in growth and gas exchange between southern and northern provenances of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) in northern Europe

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antti Tenkanen ◽  
Sarita Keski-Saari ◽  
Jarkko Salojärvi ◽  
Elina Oksanen ◽  
Markku Keinänen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Silver Birch ◽  
Short Shoot ◽  
Photosynthetic Gas Exchange ◽  
Betula Pendula Roth ◽  
Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency

Abstract Due to its ubiquity across northern latitudes, silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) is an attractive model species for studying geographical trait variation and acclimation capacity. Six birch provenances from 60 to 67°N across Finland were grown in a common garden and studied for provenance and genotype variation. We looked for differences in height growth, photosynthetic gas exchange and chlorophyll content index (CCI) and compared the gas exchange of early and late leaves on short and long shoots, respectively. The provenances stratified into southern and northern groups. Northern provenances attained less height growth increment and had higher stomatal conductance (gs) and lower intrinsic water-use efficiency (WUE, Anet/gs) than southern provenances, whereas net photosynthesis (Anet) or CCI did not show clear grouping. Short shoot leaves had lower gs and higher WUE than long shoot leaves in all provenances, but there was no difference in Anet between shoot types. The separation of the provenances into two groups according to their physiological responses might reflect the evolutionary history of B. pendula. Latitudinal differences in gas exchange and water use traits can have plausible consequences for global carbon and water fluxes in a warming climate.

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