scholarly journals Chemical of Soils With Histic Horizon of Lakes and Riparian of the Savanna, Northern Amazonia, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Ednalva Dantas R. S. Duarte ◽  
Valdinar F. Melo ◽  
Etelvino H. Novotny ◽  
Sandra Cátia P. Uchôa ◽  
Hugo Leonardo S. Farias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Natural Fertility ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
High Toxicity ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Mauritia Flexuosa ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
Total Organic C

The savanna of the northern Amazon of Brazil is an ecosystem that presents lakes and riparian of buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L.) in its landscape. Although these ecosystems are protected by law, they are subject to changes by anthropization in their surrounding areas. The soils of lakes and on the banks of the buriti riparian of the savanna of Boa Vista, Northern Amazonia, are hydromorphic and, although they are important ecosystems for the environmental sustainability, they are little studied. Thus, the purpose of this work was to characterize the chemical composition of these soils and relate the results to the type of anthropization. Samples were collected at the margins of five riparian and three lakes in the 0.0-0.1, 0.1-0.2, 0.2-0.3, 0.3-0.4, and 0.4-0.5 m depth layers. Soil samples, in each environment, were taken from three points equidistant at 100 m. For soil characterization, pH in water, H + Al, Al3+, P, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, and total organic C (TOC) were determined. The soils of lakes and buriti riparian are of high acidity, low natural fertility, and high toxicity by Al. Buriti riparian presented the highest levels of TOC but were also the environments most susceptible to the effects of anthropization, in which Bom Intento presented values of available P from medium to high by the interference of agricultural activities.

Cultivation and grassland type effects on light fraction and total organic C and N in a Dark Brown Chernozemic soil

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Malhi ◽  
S. Brandt ◽  
K. S. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Light Fraction ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Chernozemic Soil ◽  
Annual Crops ◽  
Grassland Type ◽  
C And N ◽  
Total Organic C

Light fraction of organic matter is a source of nutrients for plants and a substrate for microbes, while total organic matter is critical for optimum physical conditions and retention of nutrients and other chemicals in soil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of cultivation and grassland type on light fraction and total C and N in a Dark Brown Chernozemic soil. Three paired-sets of soil samples, in five replications, were collected from three cultivated field areas under annual crops [mostly wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)] and from three adjacent grassland areas. The three sets were a 30-yr-old bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.)/alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) dominated stand cut annually for hay (Lm) and cultivated area 1 (Ct1), an unbroken native grass stand having no vegetation removed (Ng) and cultivated area 2 (Ct2) and a bromegrass/crested wheatgrass (A gropyron cristatum L. Gaertn.) dominated stand on a land reverted to grassland 60 yr ago having no vegetation removed (Og) and cultivated area 3 (Ct3). Soil samples from the 0- to 5-cm, 5- to 10-cm, 10- to 15-cm, 15- to 20-cm and 20- to 30-cm depths were taken using a 4-cm-diameter coring tube sampler. Total organic C (TOC), total N (TN), light fraction organic C (LFOC) and light fraction N (LFN) in soil were determined and the equivalent mass technique was used to calculate their masses in different soil layers. Total mass (for all soil layers) was less in the cultivated areas compared to the grassland areas by 31 to 43% for TOC, by 84 to 85% for LFOC, by 15 to 34% for TN and by 82 to 84% for LFN. The effect of cultivation was much greater in the surface 5-cm depth compared to deeper soil layers. The proportions of LFOC in TOC and LFN in TN as well as the TOC:TN ratios were lower in the cultivated areas than in the grassland areas, whereas the LFOC:LFN ratios were similar in cultivated and grassland areas. The light fractions of C and N were thus more responsive to change from grassland to cultivation of annual crops compared to the total C and N. Within the grassland areas, the mass of TOC and TN in most of the soil layers was greater in the Lm compared to both Ng and Og areas, while the LFOC and LFN did not show the effect of grassland type. The differences in the mass of both total and light fraction C and N in the cultivated areas were small and generally not significant. The findings suggest that including legume in grassland stands can sequester more organic C and N into the soil even when used for hay production. Key words: Cultivated land, light fraction C and N, native grassland, total organic C and N

Microbial and biochemical changes induced by rotation and tillage in a soil under barley production

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Angers ◽  
N. Bissonnette ◽  
A. Légère ◽  
N. Samson
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Top Soil ◽  
Total Organic C

Crop rotations and tillage practices can modify not only the total amount of organic matter (OM) in soils but also its composition. The objective of this study was to determine the changes in total organic C, microbial biomass C (MBC), carbohydrates and alkaline phosphatase activity induced by 4 yr of different rotation and tillage combinations on a Kamouraska clay in La Pocatière, Quebec. Two rotations (continuous barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) versus a 2-yr barley–red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) rotation) and three tillage treatments (moldboard plowing (MP), chisel plowing (CP) and no-tillage (NT)) were compared in a split-plot design. Total organic C was affected by the tillage treatments but not by the rotations. In the top soil layer (0–7.5 cm), NT and CP treatments had C contents 20% higher than the MP treatment. In the same soil layer, MBC averaged 300 mg C kg−1 in the MP treatment and up to 600 mg C kg−1 in the NT soil. Hot-water-extractable and acid-hydrolyzable carbohydrates were on average 40% greater under reduced tillage than under MP. Both carbohydrate fractions were also slightly larger in the rotation than in the soil under continuous barley. The ratios of MBC and carbohydrate C to total organic C suggested that there was a significant enrichment of the OM in labile forms as tillage intensity was reduced. Alkaline phosphatase activity was 50% higher under NT and 20% higher under CP treatments than under MP treatment and, on average, 15% larger in the rotation than in the continuous barley treatment. Overall, the management-induced differences were slightly greater in the top layer (0–7.5 cm) than in the lower layer of the Ap horizon (7.5–15 cm). All the properties measured were highly correlated with one another. They also showed significant temporal variations that were, in most cases, independent of the treatments. Four years of conservation tillage and, to a lesser extent, rotation with red clover resulted in greater OM in the top soil layer compared with the more intensive systems. This organic matter was enriched in labile forms. Key words: Soil management, soil quality, organic matter, carbohydrates, microbial biomass, phosphatase

scholarly journals Casting Activity ofScherotheca gigasin No-Till Mediterranean Soils: Role in Organic Matter Incorporation and Influence of Aridity

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paloma Bescansa ◽  
Iñigo Virto ◽  
Oihane Fernández-Ugalde ◽  
María José Imaz ◽  
Alberto Enrique
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Nw Spain ◽  
Organic C ◽  
No Till ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
Casting Activity ◽  
Total Organic C

The behaviour of earthworms, their role in organic matter incorporation into the soil, and the influence of aridity in such processes in arid and semiarid regions have scarcely been studied. In this study, physico-chemical analyses of the casts and the surrounding no-till agricultural soils of three experimental sites representing an aridity gradient in Navarre (NW Spain) were done. The casts were formed by the activity of the only anecic species,Scherotheca gigas(Dugès, 1828), ubiquitous in no-till soils in this region. We observed a significant depletion of clay and higher concentration of total organic C and labile C in the form of particulate organic matter (POM) in the casts as compared to the surrounding soil, suggesting selective ingestion of soil byS. gigas. This, together with the observation of increased concentration in POM with increasing aridity, suggests a major role of this species in the observed progressive gains of organic C stocks in no-till soils in the region.

scholarly journals Recycling Biogas Digestate from Energy Crops: Effects on Soil Properties and Crop Productivity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 750
Author(s):  
Roberta Pastorelli ◽  
Giuseppe Valboa ◽  
Alessandra Lagomarsino ◽  
Arturo Fabiani ◽  
Stefania Simoncini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Energy Crop ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C

Digestate from biogas production can be recycled to the soil as conditioner/fertilizer improving the environmental sustainability of the energy supply chain. In a three-year maize-triticale rotation, we investigated the short-term effects of digestate on soil physical, chemical, and microbiological properties and evaluated its effectiveness in complementing the mineral fertilizers. Digestate soil treatments consisted of combined applications of the whole digestate and its mechanically separated solid fraction. Digestate increased soil total organic C, total N and K contents. Soil bulk density was not affected by treatments, while aggregate stability showed a transient improvement due to digestate treatments. A decrement of the transmission pores proportion and an increment of fissures was observed in digestate treated soils. Soil microbial community was only transiently affected by digestate treatments and no soil contamination from Clostridiaceae-related bacteria were observed. Digestate can significantly impair seed germination when applied at low dilution ratios. Crop yield under digestate treatment was similar to ordinary mineral-based fertilization. Overall, our experiment proved that the agronomic recycling of digestate from biogas production maintained a fair crop yield and soil quality. Digestate was confirmed as a valid resource for sustainable management of soil fertility under energy-crop farming, by combining a good attitude as a fertilizer with the ability to compensate for soil organic C loss.

Soil organic carbon stocks under different páramo vegetation covers in Ecuador’s northern Andes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlon Calispa ◽  
Raphaël van Ypersele ◽  
Benoît Pereira ◽  
Sebastián Páez-Bimos ◽  
Veerle Vanacker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Soil C ◽  
C Storage ◽  
Soc Stocks ◽  
Volcanic Ash Soils

<p>The Ecuadorian páramo, a neotropical ecosystem located in the upper Andes, acts as a constant source of high-quality water. It also stores significant amounts of C at the regional scale. In this region, volcanic ash soils sustain most of the paramo, and C storage results partly from their propensity to accumulate organic matter. Vegetation type is known to influence the balance between plant C inputs and soil C losses, ultimately affecting the soil organic C (SOC) content and stock. Tussock-forming grass (spp. Calamagrostis Intermedia; TU), cushion-like plants (spp. Azorella pedunculata; CU) and shrubs and trees (Polylepis stands) are commonly found in the páramo. Our understanding of SOC stocks and dynamics in the páramo remains limited, despite mounting concerns that human activities are increasingly affecting vegetation and potentially, the capacity of these ecosystems to store C.</p><p>Here, we compare the organic C content and stock in soils under tussock-forming grass (spp. Calamagrostis Intermedia; TU) and soils under cushion-like plants (spp. Azorella pedunculata; CU). The study took place at Jatunhuayco, a watershed on the western slopes of Antisana volcano in the northern Ecuadorian Andes. Two areas of similar size (~0.35 km<sup>2</sup>) were surveyed. Fourty soil samples were collected randomly in each area to depths varying from 10 to 30 cm (A horizon) and from 30 to 75 cm (2Ab horizon). The soils are Vitric Andosols and the 2Ab horizon corresponds to a soil buried by the tephra fall from the Quilotoa eruption about 800 yr. BP. Sixteen intact soil samples were collected in Kopecky's cylinders for bulk density (BD) determination of each horizon.</p><p>The average SOC content in the A horizon of the CU sites (9.4±0.5%) is significantly higher (Mann-Whitney U test, p<0.05) than that of the TU sites (8.0±0.4%), probably reflecting a larger input of root biomass from the cushion-forming plants. The 2Ab horizon contains less organic C (i.e. TU: 4.3±0.3% and CU: 4.0±0.4%) than the A horizon, but the SOC contents are undistinguishable between the two vegetation types. This suggests that the influence of vegetation type on SOC is limited to the A horizon. The average SOC stocks (in the first 30 cm from the soil) for TU and CU are 20.04±1.1 and 18.23±1.0 kg/m<sup>2</sup>,<sup></sup>respectively. These values are almost two times greater than the global average reported for Vitric Andosols (~8.2 kg/m<sup>2</sup> ), but are lower than the estimates obtained for some wetter Andean páramos (22.5±5 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, 270% higher rainfall) from Ecuador. Our stock values further indicate that vegetation type has a limited effect on C storage in the young volcanic ash soils found at Jatunhuyaco. Despite a higher SOC content, the CU soils store a stock of organic C similar to that estimated for the TU soils. This likely reflects the comparatively lower BD of the former soils (650±100 vs. 840±30 kg/m<sup>3</sup>). Additional studies are needed in order to establish the vegetation-related factors driving the SOC content and stability in the TU and CU soils.</p>

Impact of long-term cultivation on the status of organic matter and cadmium in soil

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. E. McArthur ◽  
P M Huang ◽  
L M Kozak
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Soil Organic C ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Total Soil ◽  
Total Organic C ◽  
Soil Cd ◽  
Cultivated Soils

Research has suggested a link between the bioavailability of soil Cd and total soil organic matter. However, some research suggested a negative relationship between total soil organic matter and bioavailable soil Cd while other research suggested a positive relationship. This study investigated the relationship between soil Cd and both the quantity and quality of soil organic matter as influenced by long-term cultivation. Two Orthic Chernozemic surface soil samples, one from a virgin prairie and the other from an adjacent cultivated prairie, were collected from each of 12 different sites throughout southern Saskatchewan, Canada. The samples were analyzed for total organic C, total Cd, Cd availability index (CAI), and pH. The nature of the soil organic matter was investigated with 13C Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (13C CPMAS NMR). The total soil Cd, CAI, and total soil organic C of the cultivated soils were significantly lower than those of the virgin soils whereas the opposite trend was observed for the soil pH and the aromaticity of the organic C. The reduced CAI in the cultivated soils was related to the increase in both the soil pH and the aromaticity of the organic C. No relationship was found between the CAI and the soil organic C content, but a significant positive correlation was found between total organic C and total Cd in both the virgin and the cultivated soils. As well, a significant positive correlation was found between the fraction of total Cd removed from the soil after long-term cultivation and the corresponding fraction of organic C removed. Key words: Long-term cultivation, soil organic matter, 13C CPMAS NMR, cadmium

scholarly journals The effect of invasive species Lantana Camara L. on soil nutrients at Ol-Donyo Sabuk National Park, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
M N Wekhanya ◽  
P. K. Mbugua ◽  
J. K. Mworia
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
National Park ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Lantana Camara ◽  
Preventive Strategy ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Anova Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Study Sites

The aim of this study was to establish whether the invasive plant Lantana camara L. alters the soil chemical properties at Ol-Donyo Sabuk National Park. The key objective was to evaluate the soil nutrient composition in areas invaded by L. camara and how these differ from areas without L. camara. Five study sites were selected by purposeful sampling, out of the existing 10 blocks. Soil samples were collected randomly from L. camara invaded areas and similarly from adjacent areas free from L. camara. The soil samples were subjected to determination of the following nutrients and parameters: pH, potassium (K), calcium (Ca) magnesium (Mg), total nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), total organic carbon (TOC), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn) and sodium (Na). The data obtained was analysed using Two-way ANOVA test to determine difference in nutrients composition in L. camara invaded and non-invaded areas. Three-way ANOVA test was used to gauge the interactions between wet and dry season, invaded and non-invaded areas and study sites. A post-ANOVA test, Tukey’s Honest Significant Difference was done to separate the means. The results from the study indicated L. camara invaded areas had a significant difference in pH, P, N, Mn, Fe and total organic C compared to the patches that had native plants and not invaded by L. camara. High pH also makes P to be more available to plants that is why P was high in the L. camara invaded areas. This study revealed that L. camara remarkably changes the concentration and balance of soil nutrients resulting to a change in chemistry of soil nutrients. This is in a bid to suit its survival to the detriment of the native plant species. This study is hence vital for designing an effective eradication and preventive strategy of L. camara in Ol-Donyo Sabuk National Park and other protected ecological habitats in Kenya.

scholarly journals Atributos químicos de Latossolo sob plantio direto adubado com esterco de bovinos e fertilizantes minerais

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milena Barcellos ◽  
Antonio Carlos Vargas Motta ◽  
Volnei Pauletti ◽  
José Carlos Peixoto Modesto Da Silva ◽  
Julierme Zimmer Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Organic Fertilization ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
High Production ◽  
Chemical Attributes ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Total Organic C

Organic fertilization in no-tillage system (NTS) has been used in regions milk production, in an order to provide nutrients for crops and provide a destination for high production of animal waste. The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical attributes of an Oxisol, a function of organic fertilization with liquid manure from dairy cattle (LMDC) and mineral fertilizers. The experiment was conducted under NTS with crop rotation including legumes and grasses. The treatments were distributed in three randomized blocks with factorial arrangement, using three levels of mineral fertilizer (0, 50 and 100 % of the dose recommended for the crops) and four levels of organic fertilizer (0, 30, 60 and 90 m3 ha-1year-1). After six years of fertilizer management of crops, soil was collected from five depths (0-0.05, 0.05-0.10, 0.10-0.30, 0.30-0.50 e 0.50-0.80 m). The samples were determined the chemical pH, H++Al3+, Al3+, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+,electrical conductivity (EC), bases saturation (V), Ca2+/Mg2+ ratio, total organic C (TOC), B, Cl, Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn. The mineral fertilizers acidify the soil, raised the K+, P and EC and, changed the Zn and Cu contents. The organic fertilization with LMDC was a source of nutrients (Ca 2+, Mg2+, K+, P, Zn and Cu), raised the TOC and the EC, and kept the soil acidity attributes (pH, H++ Al3+ and V).

The effects of cultivation on the composition of organic-matter and structural stability of soils

Soil Research ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 975 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Golchin ◽  
P Clarke ◽  
JM Oades ◽  
JO Skjemstad
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Dispersible Clay ◽  
Different Soils

Soil samples were obtained from the surface horizons of five untilled sites and adjacent sites under short- and long-term cultivation. The soil samples were fractionated based on density and organic materials were concentrated in various fractions which enabled comparative chemical composition of the organic materials in cultivated and uncultivated sites by solid-state C-13 CP/MAS NMR spectroscopy. Changes in the nature of organic carbon with cultivation were different in different soils and resulted from variations in the chemistry of carbon inputs to the soils and a greater extent of decomposition of organic materials in cultivated soils. Differences in the chemical composition of organic carbon between cultivated and uncultivated soils resided mostly in organic materials occluded within aggregates, whereas the chemistry of organic matter associated with clay particles showed only small changes. The results indicate a faster decomposition of O-alkyl C in the cultivated soils. Wet aggregate stability, mechanically dispersible clay and modulus of rupture tests were used to assess the effects of cultivation on structural stability of soils. In four of five soils, the virgin sites and sites which had been under long-term pasture had a greater aggregate stability than the cultivated sites. Neither total organic matter nor total O-alkyl C content was closely correlated with aggregate stability, suggesting that only a part of soil carbon or carbohydrate is involved in aggregate stability. The fractions of carbon and O-alkyl C present in the form of particulate organic matter occluded within aggregates were better correlated with aggregate stability (r = 0.86** and 0.88**, respectively). Cultivation was not the dominant factor influencing water-dispersible clay across the range of soil types used in this study. The amount of dispersible clay was a function of total clay content and the percentage of clay dispersed was controlled by factors such as clay mineralogy, CaCO3 and organic matter content of soils. The tendency of different soils for hard-setting and crusting, as a result of structural collapse, was reflected in the modulus of rupture (MOR). The cultivated sites had significantly higher MOR than their non-tilled counterparts. The soils studied had different MOR due to differences in their physical and chemical properties.

scholarly journals Environmental Sustainability of Open-Pit Coal Mining Practices at Baganuur, Mongolia

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 248
Author(s):  
Jonghoon Park ◽  
Eunhye Kwon ◽  
Euijin Chung ◽  
Ha Kim ◽  
Batbold Battogtokh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Pollution ◽  
Coal Mine ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
World Health ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
X Ray

In this paper, we studied one of the largest coal mines in Mongolia, the Baganuur Coal Mine, in terms of environmental sustainability related to mining practices, with a focus on discharged water and waste sediments. The present quality and potential for future pollution were assessed. Based on World Health Organization and Mongolian guidelines, groundwater pumped from the mining operations could be used for drinking and domestic purposes. In addition, based on the Na absorption ratio, groundwater samples from GW-2 and GW-3 could be used as agriculture water supplies with salinity reduction, or used to grow halophytes as a measure for desertification control and pasture production. All waste soil samples appeared to have a desertification potential. Dust particles smaller than 150 μm comprised more than 80% of soil samples, which had arsenic levels higher than the Mongolian soil pollution standards. In addition, soil collected between coal seams (S-5) showed high sulphur content based on X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) spectroscopy analyses, strong potential for producing acid mine drainage in the analysis of pH of net acid generation and net acid production potential, and potential for leaching of metals, such as Co. Therefore, the Baganuur Coal Mine requires soil pollution control measures to mitigate the risks of dust and desertification. In this perspective, mine groundwater could be used to reduce environmental stresses by supporting pasture crops such as halophytes on waste disposal sites, thereby preventing dust issues and desertification. Continuous efforts, including monitoring and enacting environmental management measures, are needed from both the mining company and the government to ensure sustainable mine development.

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