scholarly journals Agronomic Efficiency of Phosphorus Fertilizers With Associate Technology in Soy Crop in Cerrado Soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Victor Gustavo Soares Ribeiro ◽  
Carlos Henrique Eiterer de Souza ◽  
Murilo Mendes Machado ◽  
Lara Lúcia Gonçalves ◽  
Miguel Martins Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Model Fitting ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizers ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Phosphorus Application

For commercial soybean production, the presence of phosphorus in the soil is essential, not only to increase productivity but also because it affects basic functions in plant metabolism. Phosphate fertilizers have low efficiency in Cerrado soils. For this reason, the use of technologies associated with phosphate fertilizers is important to increase their efficiency in the soil. The experiment was conducted at Fazenda Rio Brilhante in Coromandel, MG. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design in a 4 × 4 + 1 factorial arrangement. Treatments consisted of four phosphate fertilizer sources (MAPCONVENCIONAL, MAPpol 1, MAPpol 2, and FOM), four P2O5 doses (40, 80, 120, and 160 kg ha-1), and the control treatment (no phosphorus application). The soybean cultivar RK8115 IPRO with a plant population of 340 thousand plants per hectare was used. The experimental plots consisted of five planting lines with a spacing of 0.5 meters and a length of 7 meters. In the experiment, phosphorus leaf, morphological evaluation of plant height, stem diameter, number of stems, and pods were measured. For plant biomass, the dry matter of leaves, stems, and pods were determined. For yield evaluation, the calculation of productivity and RAE was compared with MAPCONVENCIONAL. For sources, data were subjected to analysis of variance, and means were separated by Tukey’s rate test (p < 0.05). For P2O5 doses, regression model fitting was performed using the ExpDes.pt package of R Studio software. Morphological assessments responded linearly to P doses, except for DPM. Leaves and pods P content and yield were affected by P dosage and P sources, with a quadratic response to P dosage. Maximum yield efficiency was achieved at P2O5 doses of 122.73; 145.07; 112.03; and 94.71 kg ha-1, with yields of 3818.30; 4064.67; 4089.03; and 3952.63 kg ha-1 for MAPCONVENCIONAL, MAPpol 2, MAPpol 1, and FOM, respectively. However, MAPpol 1 and FOM provided a dose reduction of 26 and 15 compared to the maximum yield of MAPCONVENCIONAL, respectively.

scholarly journals Respon Hasil Jagung Manis Terhadap Takaran Pupuk Fosfat pada Andisol Lembang

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Endang Sufiadi
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
West Java ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

An experiment was conducted at experimental field of BBHAT, Cikole Lembang, West Java District, West Java, on elevation of 1.250 m above sea level, from July to October 2008. The objective of this experiment was to study the Yield Response of Sweet Corn on the Phosphate Fertilizer Rates in Lembang Andisol. The design used was a Randomized Block Design with five treatments and five replication of A = without phosphate fertilizer, B=75 kg ha-1 P2O5, C= 150 kg ha-1 P2O5, D=225 kgha-1 P=O5, E=300 kg ha-1 P2O5. The result of experiment showed that yield response of sweet corn on the phosphate rate in Lembang Andisol is quadratic form. Maximum yield of corn cob with husk per plant of 575,24 grams per plant was obtained at the optimum phosphate rate of 190,7 kg ha-1 P2O5. This corn yield is equivalent to 22 tons ha-1 higher than the potential yield of these sweet corn variety. Soil-available P increased with increasing rates of phosphate fertilizer, reaches a very high criteria.

scholarly journals Quantification of Avoidable Yield Losses in Oilseed Brassica Caused by Insect Pests

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jagdev Kular ◽  
Sarwan Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
The Other ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Eruca Sativa ◽  
Mustard Aphid ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Quantification of Avoidable Yield Losses in OilseedBrassicaCaused by Insect PestsA six year field study was conducted from 2001-2002 to 2006-2007 at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India to study the losses in seed yield of differentBrassicaspecies (B. juncea, B. napus, B. carinata, B. rapaandEruca sativa) by the infestation of insect pests. The experiment was conducted in two different sets viz. protected/sprayed and unprotected, in a randomized block design, with three replications. Data on the infestation of insect pests, and seed yield were recorded at weekly intervals and at harvest, respectively. The loss in seed yield, due to mustard aphid and cabbage caterpillar, varied from 6.5 to 26.4 per cent.E. sativasuffered the least loss in seed yield and harboured the minimum population of mustard aphid (2.1 aphids/plant) and cabbage caterpillar (2.4 larvae/plant). On the other hand,B. carinatawas highly susceptible to the cabbage caterpillar (26.2 larvae/plant) and suffered the maximum yield loss (26.4%).

scholarly journals Limestone and phosphorus application and forage production in natural pastures with sodseeding of cool-season species

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 3681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelson Eduardo Prestes ◽  
Cassandro Vidal Talamini do Amarante ◽  
Cassiano Eduardo Pinto ◽  
Gabriel Avila Prestes ◽  
Guilherme Doneda Zanini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Growth ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Natural Pasture ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Phosphorus Application

Natural pastures are important ecosystems that both contribute to biodiversity conservation and provide an important source of income, especially for cattle ranchers. While these pastures yield fairly low productivity, they can be improved by increasing soil fertility and introducing species with high productive potentials. In this sense, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of applying limestone and phosphorus, as well as introducing cool-season species with a mixture of species dominated by Schizachyrium tenerum Nees, into a natural pasture in the Catarinense Plateau. The experiment was conducted from January 2010 to December 2013; the treatments consisted of superficial distribution of limestone in proportions of 3.6, 7.2, 11.0, and 14.4 t ha-1, as well as distribution of phosphorus in the form of triple superphosphate in proportions of 35, 70, 105, and 140 kg of P2O5 ha-1. In addition, cool-season species were overseeded. The experiment consisted of a randomized block design with subdivided plots and three replications. Limestone was applied to the main parcel, whereas phosphorus was applied to the subplots. There was no interaction between the levels of limestone and phosphorus. The application of 11.0 t ha-1 of limestone yielded the highest forage production, with 3,932.2 kg of dry matter (DM) ha-1 during the second year. Red clover was the species that best reacted to the additions, with levels of 7.2 and 11.0 t ha-1 over the 4 years. In addition, phosphorus provoked a positive response throughout the experiment. The highest forage production was observed during the second year, with an addition of 140 kg P2O5 ha-1 (4,419.4 kg DM ha-1). Only one-eighth of the recommended amount of limestone (3.6 t ha-1) allowed for the establishment and persistence of the legumes introduced into natural pastures. These additions, associated with increasing levels of phosphorus, yielded linear growth in the production of forage in natural pastures with a mixture of species dominated by Schizachyrium tenerum Nees.

scholarly journals Cycle pruning programmed on the grain yield of arabica coffee

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Corona Baitelle ◽  
Abraão Carlos Verdin Filho ◽  
Sílvio de Jesus Freitas ◽  
Guilherme Bessa Miranda ◽  
Henrique Duarte Vieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Arabica Coffee ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Canopy Area ◽  
Plagiotropic Branches ◽  
Productive Development

ABSTRACT The cycle pruning programmed is a reinvigoration technique widely employed in Conilon coffee. This strategy may also be adopted for Arabica coffee to increase its crop longevity and yield. In this scenario, the present study proposes to examine the influence of the cycle pruning programmed on the vegetative and productive development of Arabica coffee. The experiment was developed in the field as a randomized-block design with four replicates. Treatments were tested in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement consisting of four stem densities (4000, 8000, 12000 or 16000 stems ha-1) and two management strategies for the removal of plagiotropic branches (annual or biennial removal of branches which had reached 70% or more of their production capacity). For some variables, the treatments were organized as a 4 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement in which the last factor corresponded to two regions of data collection in the plant (upper or lower). For all factorial arrangements, an additional treatment (control) was employed corresponding to traditional pruning (recepa). Annual or biennial removal of plagiotropic branches which had attained 70% or more of their production capacity can be adopted with no losses to crop yield. The cycle pruning programmed improves the distribution of branches, increases canopy area and prevents the occurrence of the “naked neck” phenomenon, observed in control treatment. Additionally, it provides better agronomic and productive performance; therefore, it can be used as a substitute for recepa.

scholarly journals Kandungan dan Serapan Mineral Pucuk Indigofera zollingeriana dari Tanaman dengan Kerapatan Tanam Berbeda

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
Azib Ernawati - ◽  
Luki Abdullah ◽  
Idat Galih Permana
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Indigofera Zollingeriana ◽  
Ca:P Ratio

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the mineral contents of I. zollingeriana growing with different planting densities. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with three different planting densities (8,000 plants per ha, 13,333 plants per ha, and 20,000 plants per ha) and 3 replication. Plant biomass was analyzed for macro and micro mineral contents as well as Ca:P ratio. The results showed that increased planting densities significantly increased (p<0.05) P, Cu, and Cr contents, but decreased Ca and Na contents  had no significant effect  on Mg, K, Mn, Zn and Fe contents. Furthermore, the increased planting densities significantly decreased (p<0.05) uptakes of Ca, K, Mn, and Fe by the plants, but increased (p<0.05) the uptakes of Cu and Cr. Meanwhile, the uptakes of P, K, Na, and Zn were not affected by planting densities. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the planting density of I. zollingeriana should be maintained in 8,000 plants ha-1 to maintain the content and uptake of mineral in forage crops. Key words:        defoliation periods,          Indigofera zollingeriana, macrominerals, micro minerals, planting density

scholarly journals Jatropha press cake as organic fertilizer in lettuce cultivation

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 1089-1094
Author(s):  
José R. Mantovani ◽  
Jéssica da S. Bernardes ◽  
Paulo R. C. Landgraf
Keyword(s):  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Press Cake ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Organic Fertilization ◽  
Lettuce Seedling ◽  
Randomized Block Design

ABSTRACT In biodiesel production, vegetable press cake is obtained as waste, and a suitable destination for jatropha press cake would be the use in agriculture as organic fertilizer. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of jatropha press cake on soil fertility attributes and on lettuce production and accumulation of nutrients in the shoots. The experiment was conducted in pots in a greenhouse, in a randomized block design with eight treatments and five replicates. The treatments consisted of doses of jatropha press cake equivalent to 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0, 16.0 and 32.0 t ha-1. Portions of 5.5 dm3 of soil received limestone, phosphate fertilizer and the doses of jatropha press cake, and remained incubated for 30 days. After incubation, soil samples were collected, each pot received one lettuce seedling and the experiment was carried out for 45 days. The organic fertilization with jatropha press cake increased the contents of nutrients in the soil, especially K+, but caused increment in soil acidity and electrical conductivity. The use of jatropha press cake as organic fertilizer decreased lettuce production and accumulation of nutrients in the shoots.

scholarly journals Effect of Microbial Inoculants on Plant Attributes and Nutrients Uptake by Soybean in Vertisols

2021 ◽  
pp. 102-109
Author(s):  
Sanjeet Kumar ◽  
R. K. Sahu ◽  
R. K. Thakur ◽  
Bablu Yaduwanshi ◽  
N. G. Mitra
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Microbial Consortia ◽  
Microbial Inoculants ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Nutrients Uptake ◽  
Agricultural Chemistry ◽  
Plant Attributes

The present study was carried out during kharif season 2019-20 at the Research Farm, Department of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh (INDIA), to assess the effect of microbial inoculants on plant attributes and nutrients uptake by soybean in Vertisols. The experiment was laid out under randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. The 15 treatments comprised of different beneficial microbial consortia in possible combinations applied as seed treatments. The crop was supplemented with recommended dose of fertilizers 20 N : 80 P2O5 : 20 K2O kg ha-1. Besides these, two control plots were maintained as fertilized un-inoculated control (FUI) and unfertilized un-inoculated control (UFUI). The findings revealed that the significant improvement were noticed by the application of consortia NPK+EM+PGPR in plant growth attributes of nodulation at 25, 45 & 65 DAS (71, 70 & 59% respectively), over control (9.5, 33.4 & 34.7 nodule plant-1) and its biomass, (62, 69 & 74% respectively),over the control  (0.58, 1.16 & 0.99 g plant-1),  plant height at 25, 45 & 65DAS were increased 61, 40, 41% respectively, over the control (16.20, 34.90 and 44.30 cm) and plant biomass, (48, 62 & 53%), over the control 1.67, 4.73 and 6.1 g plant-1. Similarly, nutrient uptake (seed & stover) were also increased at 25, 45 and 65 stages of crop growth, with 36.6, 34.8 & 51.3% in seed and 66.7, 98.2 & 67.2% in straw respectively over the control (98.5, 63.8, 5.2, and 7.4, 24.9 and 44.4 kg ha-1 respectively). Thus, it may be concluded that the consortium of NPK + EM + PGPR was superior for sustainable crop production and soil health.

scholarly journals Respons Pertumbuhan dan Rendemen Minyak Klon Nilam (Pogostemon cablin Benth) terhadap Aplikasi Berbagai Dosis Urea (Growth Response And Yield Of Patchouli Clones (Pogostemon Cablin Benth) On Dose Urea Various Applications)

2020 ◽  
pp. 109-119
Author(s):  
Retno Ayu Diah Pangestu ◽  
M. Tahir ◽  
Fatahillah Fatahillah
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Best Response ◽  
Pogostemon Cablin ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
The Right

Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth) is a plant that produces essential oils and important foreign exchange earner for Indonesia. Using superior clones  with the right fertilizer application will increase the yield of patchouli oil. The research aims to obtain patchouli plants that have the best response of urea fertilization application and optimum dosage of urea for patchouli plant growth. The study was conducted at the Politeknik Negeri lampung’s teaching farm in December 2018 until May 2019. The experiment was conducted using a factorial randomized block design (RBD), consisting of two treatment factors, namely the type of urea clone. The first factor is the type of clone consisting of 2 levels, namely NPL 9 clone and Lhokseumawe clone. The second factor is the treatment of urea doses consisting of 4 levels, namely control, 250 kg.ha-1, 300 kg.ha-1, and 350 kg.ha-1. Variables observed included plant’s height, bough, diameter, number of leaves, stalk angle, chlorophyll content, wet weight of plant, wind dry weight of plant, and yield. The results of research showed  NPL 9 clone had a superior appearance and 350 kg.ha-1 of urea dose  was the optimal dose compared to other doses and could increase patchouli yield 2,3% compared to the control treatment.

scholarly journals Physiological Characteristics of Trees Recommended for the Phytoremediation of Soils Contaminated with Herbicides

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
L.M. AGUIAR ◽  
J.B. SANTOS ◽  
E.A. FERREIRA ◽  
C.M. CABRAL ◽  
I.M. PEREIRA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Lower Variation

ABSTRACT: Herbicides are inputs with a high volume of use in agricultural production systems for weed management; however, the environmental contamination they cause is a reality. The objective of this research was to evaluate the tolerance of tree species used for the phytoremediation of herbicides in the soil, to atrazine, clomazone and 2,4-D, through the evaluation of photosynthetic indices. Thus, a randomized block design experiment was conducted with four replications, in a 4 x 5 factorial arrangement, where the first factor represented the herbicides atrazine, clomazone and 2,4-D and the control treatment without herbicide (water). The second factor consisted in the use of pre-selected tree species for the phytoremediation of soils with residues of the products [Eremanthus crotonoides DC. (candeia), - Richeria grandis Vahl (richeria), Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl) Marchand, (breu-branco) Kielmeyera latrophyton Saddi, Kew Bull, (pau-santo) Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess (guanandi)]. The herbicides were applied through dishes placed under the culture containers of the plants, when they presented eight months of development. After 15 days from the herbicide application, the visual intoxication, stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (E), CO2 concentration in the substomatal chamber (Ci), and water use efficiency (WUE) were evaluated. The herbicides affected differently the physiological characteristics of the tree species; atrazine was the most harmful product. Individuals under the effect of 2,4-D and clomazone presented lower variation for their physiological characteristics, compared to the respective control treatments. Breu-branco, despite showing low visual intoxication provided by the herbicides, was the most affected species by the products. On the other hand, candeia was the most tolerant species to the action of the herbicides.

scholarly journals Effects of 3,4-dimethylphyrazole phosphate-added nitrogen fertilizers on crop growth and N2O emissions in Southern Italy

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 517-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Vitale ◽  
L. Ottaiano ◽  
F. Polimeno ◽  
G. Maglione ◽  
U. Amato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Italy ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Randomized Block Design

The effect of the nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylphyrazole phosphate (DMPP) on N-fertilized crop growth and soil N<sub>2</sub>O emissions were studied at two experimental sites in Southern Italy, characterised by a Mediterranean climate and different soil texture. The experiments were a randomized block design of two treatments: crop fertilized with NH<sub>4</sub>NO<sub>3</sub> (considered the control treatment) or amended with DMPP plus NH<sub>4</sub>NO<sub>3</sub> (considered the DMPP treatment). ANOVA was performed to assess differences between treatments and fertilization periods whereas simple and multiple linear regressions were performed in order to assess the effect of the soil-related in-dependent variables on soil gases emissions. Growth of potato plants fertilized with DMPP-added nitrogen was enhanced compared to control plants, whereas no benefit on maize plants grown during summer was observed. N<sub>2</sub>O emissions measured from soil to potato after the first fertilization with DMPP-added nitrogen was reduced during winter, but was higher than control after the second fertilizer application in spring, leading to comparable N<sub>2</sub>O emission factors (EF1) between treatments. In maize N<sub>2</sub>O emissions and EF1 were lower for DMPP compared to control treatment. The effectiveness of reduction in soil N<sub>2</sub>O emission was influenced by soil temperature and water-filled pore space (WFPS) in both experimental sites. However, the overall effect of WFPS was contrasting as N<sub>2</sub>O emissions were decreased in potato and enhanced in maize.

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