scholarly journals Tree-ring based reconstruction of mean maximum temperatures since AD 1829

2013 ◽  
Vol 89 (02) ◽  
pp. 184-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongjie Shi ◽  
Jixi Gao ◽  
Xiaohui Yang ◽  
Zhiqing Jia ◽  
Hao Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Warming Trend ◽  
Reconstructed Temperature ◽  
Maximum Temperatures ◽  
Temperature Levels ◽  
June July ◽  
Climate Events

The correlation between tree-ring widths and climate was developed using Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica after which mean maximum temperatures of June–July since 1829 were reconstructed. Results show that the transfer function of temperature explains more than 40% of the variance and that the reconstruction sequence was consistent with several reconstructed temperature variations in the region. Over the past 181 years, climate in the region has undergone eight distinct low temperature and eight high temperature periods. A high temperature period in the 1920s to 1930s is consistent with a drought that occurred in most regions of northern China. Periods of drought in the 1870s were also identified. There was no significant increase or decrease in mean maximum June–July temperatures over the last 181 years, although since the 1950s temperatures have increased gradually. A warming trend has become more pronounced since the early 1990s but temperature levels are not significantly higher than those of the 1850s. A multi-taper spectral analysis shows that there are significant periodicities of 2.4, 2.8, 4.9, 5.1 and 21.3 years in the sequence of reconstructed temperatures. Temperatures were also affected by global climate events and solar activity.

scholarly journals Tree-ring based June–July mean temperature variations since the Little Ice Age in the Adamello-Presanella Group (Italian Central Alps)

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 3871-3900
Author(s):  
A. Coppola ◽  
G. Leonelli ◽  
M. C. Salvatore ◽  
M. Pelfini ◽  
C. Baroni
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
European Alps ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
Reconstructed Temperature ◽  
Tree Ring Data ◽  
June July

Abstract. Mountain climate is generally strongly conditioned by the site-specific topographic characteristics. Detailed reconstructions of climate parameters for pre-instrumental periods in these mountain areas, suffering of glacial retreat caused by recent global warming, are needed in the view of a better comprehension of the environmental dynamics. We present here the first reconstruction of early summer (June–July) mean temperature for the Adamello-Presanella Group (Central European Alps, 45°54'–46°19' N; 10°21'–10°53' E), one of the most glaciarized mountain Group of the Central Italian Alps. The reconstruction has been based on four larch tree-ring width chronologies derived from living trees sampled in four valleys surrounding the Group. The reconstruction spans from 1596 to 2004 and accounts for about 35% of the temperature variance. The statistical verification of the reconstruction demonstrates the positive skill of the tree-ring data set in tracking temperature variability, but a divergence is visible starting from about 1980 between actual and reconstructed temperature, which slightly underestimate instrumental data. An analysis of moving mean sensitivity over a time window of thirty years evidences a decrement of this parameter in recent times, which is likely related to the noticed divergence and indicates a recent more complacent response to climate of larch at the tree-line.

NIMONIC 80 and 80A

Alloy Digest ◽  
1954 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Nimonic 80A ◽  
Temperature Levels ◽  
Nickel Base

Abstract Nimonic 80 and Nimonic 80A are nickel-base alloys containing a high percentage of chromium, with aluminum and titanium as hardening agents. They are made to the same compositional specification, but Nimonic 80A is produced to meet a more severe requirement with respect to resistance to creep when stressed at higher temperatures than Nimonic 80. Both alloys show high strength at high temperature levels and are very resistant to scaling, oxidation, heat and corrosion. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as creep. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: Ni-10. Producer or source: Henry Wiggin & Company Ltd.

scholarly journals Projecting heat-related excess mortality under climate change scenarios in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Yang ◽  
Maigeng Zhou ◽  
Zhoupeng Ren ◽  
Mengmeng Li ◽  
Boguang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Excess Mortality ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Northern China ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
Global Climate Models ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios

AbstractRecent studies have reported a variety of health consequences of climate change. However, the vulnerability of individuals and cities to climate change remains to be evaluated. We project the excess cause-, age-, region-, and education-specific mortality attributable to future high temperatures in 161 Chinese districts/counties using 28 global climate models (GCMs) under two representative concentration pathways (RCPs). To assess the influence of population ageing on the projection of future heat-related mortality, we further project the age-specific effect estimates under five shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs). Heat-related excess mortality is projected to increase from 1.9% (95% eCI: 0.2–3.3%) in the 2010s to 2.4% (0.4–4.1%) in the 2030 s and 5.5% (0.5–9.9%) in the 2090 s under RCP8.5, with corresponding relative changes of 0.5% (0.0–1.2%) and 3.6% (−0.5–7.5%). The projected slopes are steeper in southern, eastern, central and northern China. People with cardiorespiratory diseases, females, the elderly and those with low educational attainment could be more affected. Population ageing amplifies future heat-related excess deaths 2.3- to 5.8-fold under different SSPs, particularly for the northeast region. Our findings can help guide public health responses to ameliorate the risk of climate change.

scholarly journals Climate Dynamics of the Spatiotemporal Changes of Vegetation NDVI in Northern China from 1982 to 2015

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
Rui Sun ◽  
Shaohui Chen ◽  
Hongbo Su
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Climate Dynamics ◽  
High Coverage ◽  
Vegetation Growth ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Precipitation And Temperature

As an important part of a terrestrial ecosystem, vegetation plays an important role in the global carbon-water cycle and energy flow. Based on the Global Inventory Monitoring and Modeling System (GIMMS) third generation of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI3g), meteorological station data, climate reanalysis data, and land cover data, this study analyzed the climate dynamics of the spatiotemporal variations of vegetation NDVI in northern China from 1982 to 2015. The results showed that growth season NDVI (NDVIgs) increased significantly at 0.006/10a (p < 0.01) in 1982–2015 on the regional scale. The period from 1982 to 2015 was divided into three periods: the NDVIgs increased by 0.026/10a (p < 0.01) in 1982–1990, decreased by −0.002/10a (p > 0.1) in 1990–2006, and then increased by 0.021/10a (p < 0.01) during 2006–2015. On the pixel scale, the increases in NDVIgs during 1982–2015, 1982–1990, 1990–2006, and 2006–2015 accounted for 74.64%, 85.34%, 48.14%, and 68.78% of the total area, respectively. In general, the dominant climate drivers of vegetation growth had gradually switched from solar radiation, temperature, and precipitation (1982–1990) to precipitation and temperature (1990–2015). For woodland, high coverage grassland, medium coverage grassland, low coverage grassland, the dominant climate drivers had changed from temperature and solar radiation, solar radiation and precipitation, precipitation and solar radiation, solar radiation to precipitation and solar radiation, precipitation, precipitation and temperature, temperature and precipitation. The areas controlled by precipitation increased significantly, mainly distributed in arid, sub-arid, and sub-humid areas. The dominant climate drivers for vegetation growth in the plateau climate zone or high-altitude area changed from solar radiation to temperature and precipitation, and then to temperature, while in cold temperate zone, changed from temperature to solar radiation. These results are helpful to understand the climate dynamics of vegetation growth, and have important guiding significance for vegetation protection and restoration in the context of global climate change.

scholarly journals Influence of weather parameters on alternaria leaf blight severity of makhana under the agro-climate of Koshi region of Bihar

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-59
Author(s):  
SANTOSH KUMAR ◽  
MD. NADEEM AKHTAR ◽  
SANTOSH KUMAR ◽  
MAHESH KUMAR ◽  
TRIBHUWAN KUMAR
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Alternaria Leaf Blight ◽  
Weather Parameters ◽  
Maximum Temperatures ◽  
Blight Disease ◽  
Cent Disease

Weather parameters play a pivotal role in the infection process and spread of pathogen. It also influences the expression of susceptibility/resistance of the host plant during post-infection phases. Therefore, an experiment was conducted for two consecutive cropping seasons (2018 &2019) to study the influence of weather parameters such as temperature, humidity, rainfall and wind direction on the emergence of alternaria leaf blight of makhana in Koshi region of Bihar. Maximum per cent disease severity of alternarialeaf blightwas observed during the peak monsoon months (June to August). Highest disease severity of leaf blight (14.80% & 15.7%) was observed in the mid June during crop season, 2018 and 2019. High temperature (36.9oC & 38.1oC), and relative humidity (94% & 96.4%) of both the year 2018 and 2019 were found correlated with higher severity to alternaria leaf blight. Similarly average HTR values (3.1) were also found correlated with the average high temperature and relative humidity of both years (2018 and 2019) in terms of severity of leaf blight disease. Maximum temperatures, relative humidity and rainfall exhibited strong positive linear relationship and influenced the occurrence of alternaria leaf blight disease significantly. We also developed a geo-phytopathological model for the prediction of alternaria leaf blight disease of makhana on the basis of congenial mean temperature and relative humidity.

scholarly journals Influence of substitution of Portland cement CP-II-Z32 by refractory cement on residual properties of high-temperature concrete

Cerâmica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (379) ◽  
pp. 330-339
Author(s):  
C. da Silva ◽  
D. S. S. Godinho ◽  
A. Ribeiro ◽  
A. Ferronato ◽  
A. B. S. dos Santos Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Conduction ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Fire Safety ◽  
Residual Properties ◽  
Refractory Cement ◽  
Lower Heat ◽  
Temperature Levels ◽  
Increasing Temperature

Abstract Concrete structures must be sized to ensure stability over their lifetime. Moreover, there are criteria that must be followed for fire safety verification. Given this context, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of the partial and integral replacement of CPII-Z32 cement by a refractory cement in concrete compositions related to the residual properties after exposure to different temperature levels. For the tests, cylindrical specimens were molded with cement replacement percentages of 0% (reference), 50%, and 100%, and exposed at 450 °C and 900 °C without load. The results showed a change in the color of the specimens and a reduction of the mechanical strength with increasing temperature. The increase in the percentage of refractory cement resulted in lower heat conduction for the concrete made with this material.

Tree-ring records from New Zealand: long-term context for recent warming trend

1998 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. D'Arrigo ◽  
E. R. Cook ◽  
M. J. Salinger ◽  
J. Palmer ◽  
P. J. Krusic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Warming Trend ◽  
Recent Warming

Climate Dynamics as a Nonlinear Brownian Motion

1998 ◽  
Vol 08 (04) ◽  
pp. 799-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Sonechkin
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Brownian Motion ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Warming Trend ◽  
Climate System ◽  
Temperature Oscillations ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Temperature Time ◽  
The Heat Balance

Based on the heat balance equation of the global climate system the well-known surface air temperature time series of the Northern and Southern hemispheres were analyzed as realizations of a fractional Brownian motion. The technique of the so-called wavelet transform was used for this purpose. The technique easily admits splitting time series of interest to statistically stationary oscillations and a trend. Such temperature oscillations were extracted which include within themselves almost all differences between both hemispheric time series. As a result of subtraction of the oscillations from the primary hemispheric series a residual trend-like component was evaluated. The latter evidences a single warming trend of the global climate system that was started from the early 20th century.

scholarly journals Impact of High Temperature and Drought Stresses on Chickpea Production

Agronomy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viola Devasirvatham ◽  
Daniel Tan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Residual Soil ◽  
Germplasm Collections ◽  
Legume Crop ◽  
Terminal Drought ◽  
The Impact

Global climate change has caused severe crop yield losses worldwide and is endangering food security in the future. The impact of climate change on food production is high in Australia and globally. Climate change is projected to have a negative impact on crop production. Chickpea is a cool season legume crop mostly grown on residual soil moisture. High temperature and terminal drought are common in different regions of chickpea production with varying intensities and frequencies. Therefore, stable chickpea production will depend on the release of new cultivars with improved adaptation to major events such as drought and high temperature. Recent progress in chickpea breeding has increased the efficiency of assessing genetic diversity in germplasm collections. This review provides an overview of the integration of new approaches and tools into breeding programs and their impact on the development of stress tolerance in chickpea.

scholarly journals RETRACTED ARTICLE: The role of seed appendage in improving the adaptation of a species in definite seasons: a case study of Atriplex centralasiatica

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaoren Wang ◽  
Yufei Zhao ◽  
Yuanyuan Zhang ◽  
Baoshan Zhao ◽  
Zhen’an Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Climate ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Dormancy Release ◽  
Type B ◽  
Environmental Signals ◽  
Retracted Article ◽  
Type C

Abstract Background As a common accompanying dispersal structure, specialized seed appendages play a critical role in the successful germination and dispersal of many plants, and are regarded as an adaptation character for plants survival in diverse environments. However, little is known about how the appendages modulate the linkage between germination and environmental factors. Here, we tested the responses of germination to seasonal environmental signals (temperature and humidity) via seed appendages using Atriplex centralasiatica, which is widely distributed in salt marshlands with dry-cold winter in northern China. Three types of heteromorphic diaspores that differ in morphology of persistent bracteole and dormancy levels are produced in an individual plant of A. centralasiatica. Results Except for the nondormant diaspore (type A, with a brown seed enclosed in a persistent bracteole), bracteoles regulated inner seed dormancy of the other two dormant diaspore types, i.e., type B (flat diaspore with a black inner seed) and type C (globular diaspore with a black inner seed). For types B and C, germination of bracteole-free seeds was higher than that of intact diaspores, and was limited severely when incubated in the bracteole-soaking solution. Dormancy was released at a low temperature (< 10 °C) and suitable humidity (5–15%) condition. Oppositely, high temperature and unfit humidity induced secondary dormancy via inhibitors released by bracteoles. Type C with deeper dormancy needed more stringent conditions for dormancy release and was easier for dormancy inducement than type B. The germination windows were broadened and the time needed for dormancy release decreased after the bracteole flushing for the two dormant types in the field condition. Conclusions Bracteoles determine the germination adaptation by bridging seeds and environmental signals and promising seedlings establishment only in proper seasons, which may also restrict species geographical distribution and shift species distributing ranges under the global climate change scenarios.

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