Parent stand age and harvesting treatment effects on juvenile aspen biomass productivity

The objectives of this study were to characterize parent stand age and harvest method treatment effects on biomass production of aspen and other species, and to construct equations for the prediction of aspen stemwood, branch, and foliage biomass production. Aspen from young parent stands (30–40 years) generally regenerated taller and denser stands, and produced higher total aspen biomass and larger proportions of branch biomass than those regenerated from older parent stands. Stands regenerated after total biomass removal were taller and had larger diameters and average densities than stands regenerated by conventional logging. Aspen biomass component production was predicted consistently by various combinations and transformations of height and diameter. Key words: aspen, biomass equations, biomass production, harvest method, logging method, parent age

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Effects of a Trench as a Moisture Harvesting Structure on the Biomass Production and Growth of Trees Planted to Restore Degraded Land, Southern Ethiopia

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10238560 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (23) ◽

pp. 8560

Author(s):

Shiferaw Alem ◽

Petr Němec ◽

Hana Habrová

Keyword(s):

Biomass Production ◽

Rainwater Harvesting ◽

Biomass Productivity ◽

Southern Ethiopia ◽

Total Biomass ◽

Acacia Saligna ◽

Degraded Land ◽

The Mean ◽

The Individual ◽

Species Specific

Knowledge about the biomass productivity of trees planted in a rainwater harvesting structure, i.e., a trench (T), relative to a normal pit (P) on degraded land is scarce. The objective of this research paper is to compare the effect of T with P on the growth and biomass production of the Acacia saligna and Casuarina equisetifolia which were planted on degraded land. All the individual stems of both species in the T and P, their diameters at breast height (DBH) and heights in 2016 and 2020 were measured. Species-specific allometric equations were used to quantify the biomass production of the studied species. The t-tests were used for data analysis; both A. saligna and C. equisetifolia individuals planted in the T had higher DBH and height increment as compared with A. saligna and C. equisetifolia that were planted and grown in a P. The results also revealed significant differences on the mean DBH and height of A. saligna and C. equisetifolia planted in a T and P (p < 0.05). Between 2016 and 2020, the total biomass (TB) of A. saligna planted in a T and in a P increased significantly (p < 0.05) on average by 25.5 kg/tree and 7.7 kg/tree, respectively (p < 0.05). Similarly, the mean TB values of the C. equisetifolia planted in a T and a P between 2016 and 2020 increased significantly (p < 0.05) by 28.9 kg/tree and 13.1 kg/tree, respectively. Finally, establishing trenches to restore degraded lands was shown to facilitate growth and biomass production of planted species on degraded land.

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Treatment and Re-Use of Raw Blackwater by Chlorella vulgaris-Based System

Water ◽

10.3390/w12102660 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 2660

Author(s):

Marco Antonio Segovia Bifarini ◽

Miha Žitnik ◽

Tjaša Griessler Bulc ◽

Aleksandra Krivograd Klemenčič

Keyword(s):

Biomass Production ◽

Chlorella Vulgaris ◽

Nutrient Removal ◽

Liquid Waste ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Biomass Productivity ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Total Biomass ◽

Sanitation Systems

In this study, we examined a Chlorella vulgaris-based system as a potential solution to change liquid waste, such as blackwater, into valuable products for agriculture while protecting waters from pollution without technical demanding pre-treatment. To evaluate the possibility of nutrient removal and biomass production from raw blackwater, four blackwater dilutions were tested at lab-scale: 50%, 30%, 20%, and 10%. The results showed that even the less diluted raw blackwater was a suitable growth medium for microalgae C. vulgaris. As expected, the optimum conditions were observed in 10% blackwater with the highest growth rate (0.265 d−1) and a nutrient removal efficiency of 99.6% for ammonium and 33.7% for phosphate. However, the highest biomass productivity (5.581 mg chlorophyll-a L−1 d−1) and total biomass (332.82 mg dry weight L−1) were achieved in 50% blackwater together with the highest chemical oxygen demand removal (81%) as a result of the highest nutrient content and thus prolonged growth phase. The results suggested that the dilution factor of 0.5 followed by microalgae cultivation with a hydraulic retention time of 14 days could offer the highest biomass production for the potential use in agriculture and, in parallel, a way to treat raw blackwater from source-separation sanitation systems.

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Sustainable Cultivation of Desmodesmus armatus SAG276.4d using Leachate as a Growth Supplement for Simultaneous Biomass Production and CO2 Fixation

International Journal of Renewable Energy Development ◽

10.14710/ijred.2021.37683 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 865-873

Author(s):

Muhammad Taufiq Kamal Fuad ◽

Azianabiha A Halip Khalid ◽

Kamrul Fakir Kamarudin

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Biomass Production ◽

Carbon Fixation ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Biomass Productivity ◽

Total Biomass ◽

Microalgae Cultivation ◽

Freshwater Microalgae ◽

Light Duration ◽

Carbon Dioxide Co2

Microalgae cultivation has been identified to be highly beneficial for the production of valuable biomass. The recent worldwide interest is to cultivate microalgae in wastewater to replace the use of expensive commercial media. Microalgae can utilize nutrients from the wastewater for their biomass growth, which is useful as feedstock in many products. Interestingly, microalgae cultivation is also capable of reducing a greenhouse gas due to absorption of carbon dioxide (CO2) during photosynthesis. This study was conducted to study the growth of microalgae using leachate as a nutrient supplement. The scope of the research involved the cultivation of freshwater microalgae, Desmodesmus armatus, in the synthetics medium with various percentages of leachate under different light exposures. The growth parameters such as the specific growth rate, biomass productivity, and cell division time were used to evaluate the microalgae growth performance. The amount of CO2 absorbed during the cultivation was determined based on the total biomass production. The highest growth rate of 0.423/day was achieved using a 5% leachate medium under 12 h light duration, and the highest carbon fixation of 1.317 g CO2/L/day was calculated using a culture supplemented with 5% leachate with 24 h light period. The high presence of nutrients in the leachate has contributed to the growth of the microalgae; thus, it has great potential as an alternative growth medium to support biomass production and subsequently help to mitigate global warming.

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Contrasting yield formation characteristics in two super-rice hybrids that differ in growth duration

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0014479721000120 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Min Huang ◽

Zui Tao ◽

Tao Lei ◽

Fangbo Cao ◽

Jiana Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solar Radiation ◽

Biomass Production ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Crop Improvement ◽

Total Biomass ◽

Growth Duration ◽

Area Index ◽

Rice Hybrid ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Yield Formation

Summary The development of high-yielding, short-duration super-rice hybrids is important for ensuring food security in China where multiple cropping is widely practiced and large-scale farming has gradually emerged. In this study, field experiments were conducted over 3 years to identify the yield formation characteristics in the shorter-duration (∼120 days) super-rice hybrid ‘Guiliangyou 2’ (G2) by comparing it with the longer-duration (∼130 days) super-rice hybrid ‘Y-liangyou 1’ (Y1). The results showed that G2 had a shorter pre-heading growth duration and consequently a shorter total growth duration compared to Y1. Compared to Y1, G2 had lower total biomass production that resulted from lower daily solar radiation, apparent radiation use efficiency (RUE), crop growth rate (CGR), and biomass production during the pre-heading period, but the grain yield was not significantly lower than that of Y1 because it was compensated for by the higher harvest index that resulted from slower leaf senescence (i.e., slower decline in leaf area index during the post-heading period) and higher RUE, CGR, and biomass production during the post-heading period. Our findings suggest that it is feasible to reduce the dependence of yield formation on growth duration to a certain extent in rice by increasing the use efficiency of solar radiation through crop improvement and also highlight the need for a greater fundamental understanding of the physiological processes involved in the higher use efficiency of solar radiation in super-rice hybrids.

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Direct Assessment of Biomass Productivity in Short Rotation Forestry (SRF) with the Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS). Case of Study in NE Part of Romania (Preliminary Results)

Environmental Sciences Proceedings ◽

10.3390/iecf2020-08485 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 93

Author(s):

Iulian Constantin Dănilă

Keyword(s):

Biomass Production ◽

Laser Scanner ◽

Biomass Productivity ◽

Tree Height ◽

Allometric Equations ◽

Accurate Information ◽

Terrestrial Laser Scanner ◽

North East ◽

Short Rotation ◽

Destructive Methods

Short rotation forestry (SRF) provides an important supply of biomass for investors in this area. In the NE (North-East) part of Romania at the present time are installed over 800 Ha of this kind of crops. The SRF enjoys the support through environmental policies, in relation to climate change and the provisions of the Kyoto Protocol to reduce the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere. A precise estimate of biomass production is necessary for the sustainable planning of forest resources and for the exchange of energy in ecosystems. The use of the terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) in estimating the production of above ground wood biomass (AGWB) of short rotation forestry (SRF) brings an important technological leap among indirect (non-destructive) methods. TLS technology is justified when destructive methods become difficult to implement, and allometric equations do not provide accurate information. The main purpose of the research is to estimate the biomass productivity on tree parts in short rotation forestry with TLS technology. Measuring the hybrid poplars crops by TLS may have the following consequences: (1) Higher accuracy of the estimate of biomass production in the SRF; (2) cost and time effective measurements over the biomass of tree parts; (3) new and validated allometric equations for SRF in NE Romania; (4) solid instrument for industry to estimate biomass. TLS technology gives accurate estimates for DBH, tree height and location, as much as the volume on segments, commercial volume or crown volume can be determined. The accuracy of these values depends on the original scan data and their co-registration. The research will contribute to the development of knowledge in the field of hybrid crops.

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Role of sink-source relationships in chrysanthemum flower size and total biomass production

Physiologia Plantarum ◽

10.1111/j.1399-3054.2006.00733.x ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 128 (2) ◽

pp. 263-273 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Susana M.P. Carvalho ◽

Ep Heuvelink ◽

Jeremy Harbinson ◽

Olaf Van Kooten

Keyword(s):

Biomass Production ◽

Flower Size ◽

Total Biomass

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ESTOQUES DE BIOMASSA E NUTRIENTES EM TRÊS ESPÉCIES DE Parkia EM PLANTIOS JOVENS SOBRE ÁREA DEGRADADA NA AMAZÔNIA CENTRAL

FLORESTA ◽

10.5380/rf.v44i4.34135 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 44 (4) ◽

pp. 637

Author(s):

Karen C.P. da Costa ◽

João B.S. Ferraz ◽

Rodrigo P. Bastos ◽

Tatiane Da S. Reis ◽

Marciel J. Ferreira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Native Forest ◽

Total Biomass ◽

Nutrient Accumulation ◽

Forest Species ◽

Coarse Roots ◽

Stem Wood ◽

Degraded Area ◽

Below Ground ◽

O 10 ◽

Harvest Method

As estratégias de distribuição de biomassa e nutrientes utilizadas pelas espécies florestais podem refletir sua capacidade de sobrevivência em plantios sobre áreas degradadas. O objetivo deste estudo foi quantificar os estoques de biomassa e nutrientes nos compartimentos arbóreos de Parkia multijuga, Parkia nitida e Parkia pendula em plantios sobre área degradada em Manaus, AM. A biomassa foi determinada pelo método destrutivo em seis árvores de cada espécie, que foram compartimentadas em: folhas, galhos finos (Ø <10 cm), galhos grossos (Ø ≥10 cm), fuste, raízes médias (2 mm ≤ Ø <5 cm) e raízes grossas (Ø ≥5 cm). Aos quatro anos, Parkia multijuga exibiu 60% do total de biomassa nos compartimentos aéreos e 40% nos subterrâneos. Parkia nitida exibiu 84% nos compartimentos aéreos e apenas 16% nos subterrâneos. Parkia pendula exibiu 67% nos compartimentos aéreos e 33% nos subterrâneos. A ordem de acúmulo de macronutrientes nos compartimentos foi: N > Ca > K > Mg > P. O fato de Parkia multijuga adotar estratégias de alocação de biomassa e nutrientes que favorecerão seu desempenho sobre sítios com baixa disponibilidade de recursos sustenta sua indicação para a composição de programas de reflorestamento em áreas degradadas na Amazônia.Palavras-chave: Espécies florestais nativas; nutrição florestal; reflorestamento; restauração. AbstractBiomass and nutrients in three species of Parkia plantings on degraded area in Central Amazon. Biomass and nutrients partitioning strategies in tree species may reflect their ability to survive in plantations on degraded areas. The objective of this study was to investigate the content of biomass and nutrients in tree components of Parkia multijuga, Parkia nitida and Parkia pendula on plantings in degraded area in Manaus, AM. The biomass was determined by the harvest method in six trees of each species, which were subdivided into leaves, fine branches (Ø < 10 cm), coarse branches (Ø ≥10 cm), stem wood, medium roots (≤ 2 mm Ø < 5 cm ) and coarse roots (Ø ≥ 5 cm). At 4 years, Parkia multijuga allocated 60% of the total biomass to above-ground components and 40% to below-ground. Parkia nitida allocated 84% to above-ground and 16% to below-ground. Parkia pendula allocated 67% to above-ground components and 33% to below-ground. The order of the nutrient accumulation in tree compartments was: N > Ca > K > Mg > P. Parkia multijuga, by adopting better strategies of distribution of biomass and nutrients, it is a recommended species for reforestation programs on degraded sites in the Amazon.Keywords: Native forest species; forest nutrition; reforestation; restoration.

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Feed biomass production may not be sufficient to support emerging livestock demand: Model projections to 2050 in Southern Africa

10.31235/osf.io/qmdrt ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Dolapo Enahoro ◽

Jason Sircely ◽

Randall B. Boone ◽

Stephen Oloo ◽

Adam M. Komarek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Biomass Production ◽

Southern Africa ◽

Simulated Data ◽

Biomass Productivity ◽

Livestock Production ◽

Human Populations ◽

Demand Model ◽

Livestock Feed ◽

By Products

The demand for livestock-derived foods has steadily grown over the past decades and rising incomes and human populations are expected to see demand further increase. It is unclear if current livestock feed resources are adequately prepared to meet future demand especially given the looming challenges of climate change. Many feeds such as grasses, crop by-products, and other biomass may not be widely grown commercially or sold in formal markets but are critical sources of livestock feed in many low-resource settings in which ruminant livestock production is important. The availability of these feed types can determine the extent to which the livestock sector can expand to meet growing, and sometimes critical, demand for animal-source foods. In this paper, we compare country-level projections of livestock demand from a global economic model to simulated data on feed biomass production. Our comparisons account separately for beef, lamb, and dairy demand. The data allow us to assess the future sufficiency of key sources of feed biomass, and hence aspects of the expansion capacity of livestock production in selected countries in Southern Africa. Our simulation results project that given the interacting effects of projected climate change and changes in income and population in the region, there will not be enough feed biomass produced domestically to meet growing demand for livestock products. For three types of feed biomass (feed crops including grains, grasses, and crop by-products) for which future livestock feed sufficiency was examined, our results showed feed sufficiency declines for all three feed types in Malawi and Mozambique, for two out of three in South Africa and for one of three in Zambia, under intermediate and extreme scenarios of climate change in 2050. Our results suggest an urgent need to improve feed biomass productivity to support future supply of animal protein in the study countries.

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Restoring the Soils of Nauru: Plants as Tools for Ecological Recovery

10.26686/wgtn.16992997.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Alexander Feary

Keyword(s):

Biomass Production ◽

Soil Type ◽

Biomass Productivity ◽

Well Being ◽

Field Trials ◽

Small Degree ◽

Tissue Type ◽

Soil Restoration ◽

Landscape Degradation ◽

Germination Success

<p>The restoration of Nauru’s mined areas is fundamental to the future wellbeing of the people and ecosystems of Nauru. Extensive open cast phosphate mining on Nauru over the last 100 years has led to soil losses and landscape degradation to the extent that over 70% of this South-Western Pacific island state is now uninhabitable and almost all productive land has been lost. Significant landscape degradation has occurred and as a consequence the soils that remain are insufficient in volume and quality to achieve the Government’s restoration goals which support the long-term development of Nauru and the well-being of its people. The aim of this research is to evaluate aspects of cover-crop use as a means for soil restoration in Nauru. This research evaluates biomass production, phytoremediation potential, and germination success for a range of species in Nauruan soils. Field trials exploring biomass production and cadmium phytoextraction were performed, as was an experiment assessing the effects of cadmium on germination success. It was found that, in the circumstances assessed, biomass productivity was significantly determined by species, mulch use, soil type, and to a small degree – cadmium. Phytoextraction was significantly determined by tissue type. Germination success was not determined by soil cadmium, but soil type was a significant factor.</p>

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Seeding Density and Nitrogen Fertilization Effects on Agronomic Responses of Some Hybrid Barley Lines in a Mediterranean Environment

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11101942 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 1942

Author(s):

Giovanni Preiti ◽

Antonio Calvi ◽

Maurizio Romeo ◽

Giuseppe Badagliacca ◽

Monica Bacchi

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Biomass Production ◽

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Biogas Production ◽

F1 Hybrids ◽

Seeding Density ◽

Total Biomass ◽

Grain Production ◽

Mediterranean Environment ◽

Seeding Rate

Over two cropping seasons, 2017/18 and 2018/19, an experimental trial was conducted in a typical cereal-growing environment of the Calabrian hills (southern Italy) to study seeding rate (D) and nitrogen fertilization (N) effects on two barley F1 hybrids (Zoo and Jallon) compared to those of a traditional variety (Lutece), assessing the bio-agronomic response. Barley hybrids, gradually introduced into the principal European countries starting in 2010 as winter forage, currently represent a significant part of the EU internal market. Productive performance was evaluated as grain yield for feed and total biomass for silage and/or biogas production. Research results pointed out the greater performance of barley hybrids compared to conventional varieties in terms of both grain and biomass production. On average, barley hybrids vigour mainly manifested itself through a high tillering and a greater number of ears m−2 compared to those of the conventional variety (+24 and +23%, respectively). Furthermore, barley hybrids were characterized by a greater 1000-kernel weight and hectolitre weight than those of the Lutece variety (conventional variety). A significant increase in grain production was observed, increasing density from D150 to D225 rates (+35% and +33%, respectively) which was followed by a decrease in production shifting from D225 to D300 doses. A significant increase in biomass production was as well highlighted for the two hybrids, shifting from D150 to D225 rates (+26% and +27%, respectively). The applied nitrogen dose highlighted a different behaviour between the hybrids and the conventional variety; in particular, the lowest nitrogen dose (N80) negatively influenced the Lutece variety both in terms of grain and biomass production (−9% and −16%, respectively) while the hybrids showed the best agronomic response even at the lowest dose. On average, with the N80 dose, grain yield of Zoo and Jallon was greater than 20% and 16%, while with the N120 dose grain yield was 9% and 7%, respectively. A similar behaviour was found for biomass yield. It should therefore be emphasized that barley hybrids possess high yielding capacities and that such higher grain production can be achieved in a Mediterranean environment by using a lower seed rate (approximately −25%) and a reduced nitrogen dose (approximately −33%) compared with those commonly applied to conventional varieties.

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