scholarly journals Research studies on agricultural tractor’s fuel contamination in Mongolia

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-104
Author(s):  
Erdenesaikhan Oyunsurtal ◽  
Ulziibaatar Tserendorj
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Fuel Tank ◽  
Mechanical Mixture ◽  
Geometric Size ◽  
Research Studies

The study is presented the result of the contamination of diesel fuel of tractor which used in agricultural sector. We took the sample from tractor fuel tank when spring’s cultivating and summer and autumn harrowing time, and analyzed the amount of contamination. The samples were taken periodically from tank tractors, autoclaves and warehouses, and the amounts of contamination contained in the fuel were determined by using the tools such as the filter tool /Millipore/, drying oven /202-OAB/, electronic weight /Sartorius BSA223s/, and microscope /Lab-Kits MB-YYS-300/ in accredited fuel and oil laboratory of Techenomics Mongolia LLC. The amount of contamination depended on the refuel to tractor on the field, and the periods of the working in the field. Especially, during the spring’s sowing and summer and autumn tillage, fuel pollution was much more and the geometric size of the mechanical mixture in the fuel was increasing. Монгол орны газар тариалангийн салбарт ашиглагдаж буй тракторын түлшний бохирдлын судалгаа Газар тариалангийн салбарт ажиллаж байгаа тракторын түлшний бохирдлыг тогтоох судалгааны ажлын үр дүнг танилцуулж байна. Хаврын тариалалт болон зун, намар тариалангийн талбайд уриншийн боловсруулалт хийх үед тракторын түлшний бакнаас дээж авч, бохирдлын хэмжээг лабораторийн шинжилгээгээр тогтоов. Талбайд ажиллаж байгаа тракторуудаас түлшний дээжийг тогтсон арга зүйн дагуу зориулалтын вакуум соруулаар авсан бөгөөд “Текеномикс Монгол” ХХК-ий түлш тосны итгэмжлэгдсэн лабораторит шүүгч багаж /Millipore/, хатаах шүүгээ /202-OAB Drying Oven/, электрон жин /Sartorius BSA223s/, микроскоп /Lab-Kits MB-YYS-300/ зэрэг багажуудыг ашиглан бохирдлын хэмжээг тодорхойлов. Лабораторийн шинжилгээний дүнгээс үзэхэд түлшний бохирдлын хэмжээнд тракторын гүйцэтгэх ажлын төрөл, түүний талбайд ажиллах хугацаа нөлөөлж байна. Ялангуяа хаврын тариалалт, намар талбайн уриншийн боловсруулалт хийх үед түлшний бохирдол их, түлшинд байгаа механик хольцын геометр хэмжээ томорч байна.  Түлхүүр үг: Дизель түлш, түлшний дээж, орчны тоосжилт, түлшний бохирдол

scholarly journals Energy, Exergy, and Sustainability Analyses of the Agricultural Sector in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 4447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamal Chowdhury ◽  
Hemal Chowdhury ◽  
Ashfaq Ahmed ◽  
Young-Kwon Park ◽  
Piyal Chowdhury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Loss ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Exergy Loss ◽  
Energy Sustainability ◽  
Effect Factor ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Energy And Exergy ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Globally, the agriculture sector consumes a considerable portion of energy. Optimizing energy consumption and energy loss from different fuel-based types of machinery will increase the energy sustainability of this sector. Exergy analysis is a useful optimizing method that applies the thermodynamic approach to minimize energy loss. The main goal of this study is to highlight the impact of exergy loss on the energy sustainability of the agriculture sector. Hence, this study focuses on the implementation of exergy-based sustainability parameters to determine the sustainability of the agricultural sector in Bangladesh. A comprehensive analysis combining energy, exergy, and sustainability indicators was conducted based on the data obtained from 1990 to 2017. Overall energy and exergy efficiencies varied between 29.86% and 36.68% and 28.2% and 35.4%, respectively, whereas the sustainability index varied between 1.39 and 1.54. The values of relative irreversibility and lack of productivity indices from diesel fuel are higher than that of other fuel types. Maximum relative irreversibility is 0.95, whereas maximum lack of productivity is 2.50. The environmental effect factor of diesel fuel is the highest (2.47) among all the analyzed fuel types. Replacing old farming devices and selecting appropriate farming methods, appliances, and control systems will reduce exergy loss in this sector.

Development of a Crashworthy High Capacity Under Frame CNG Storage Solution for Locomotives

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Stewart ◽  
Les Olson ◽  
Dave Cook
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Storage System ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Fuel Tank ◽  
Side Impact ◽  
Impact Loads ◽  
Fuel Cost ◽  
Rail Industry ◽  
The Cost

The potential opportunities for fuel cost and emissions reduction as a result of converting from diesel to natural gas (NG) are well known in the rail industry. Recent developments in domestic sources for petroleum have both lowered the cost and stabilized the natural gas market making the adoption of NG more strategically viable than ever before. NG Engine conversion systems for medium speed diesel engines have been available for over 20 years and environmental incentives are helping to further support the adoption of NG not only as an alternate fuel, but possibly as the new primary fuel. The major challenge for railroad transition to NG is now to develop a manageable and cost effective on board storage architecture with capacity to provide sufficient range to meet industry acceptance for general use. For long haul applications, the solution has been to add a large locomotive NG tender. For short line, switcher and commuter applications, the fuel cost benefits do not warrant the cost and complexity of such a system. For these short to medium range applications, an “on locomotive” storage system with a capacity equivalent to a minimum of 500 diesel gallons is a better solution. This paper summarizes the development of a crashworthy, high capacity, underframe NG storage solution packaged in the form factor normally occupied by the conventional locomotive diesel fuel tank (Fig. 1). Primary challenges for the CNG storage system solution are to achieve high storage density and crashworthiness while within the confines of existing AAR M-1001Plate C profile. It is expected that the system is to meet both the CFR/FRA structural requirements for diesel tanks and relevant DOT requirements for CNG cylinders used in mobile applications. The NG storage system presented consists of an outer enclosure which mounts to the locomotive similarly to the existing diesel fuel tank. The enclosure contains and interfaces with NG cylinders specifically designed for the application. The system design withstands the various load requirements defined in 49 CFR Part 238 Appendix D, that simulate both jackknife derailment and class 8 truck side impact scenarios. NG cylinders within the enclosure must be approved for use in this application and have sufficient capacity and maintainability to create new opportunities for NG conversion in the rail industry. The primary design goal for the storage system is to integrate the cylinder size and configuration within the enclosure such that storage volume is maximized and crash impact loads are minimized. Impact loads are distributed through the system ensuring that point loading sufficient to breach one or more of the NG cylinders or fuel lines does not occur. An overview of the development and results of physical derailment and side impact testing performed in support of this effort are presented.

Computer Simulation and Validation of Fire Hazards in Fuel Tanks

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Carter ◽  
Timothy Harrigan ◽  
S. K. Punwani
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Fuel Tank ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Explosion Hazard ◽  
Fuel Temperature ◽  
Material Transport ◽  
Two Phase

Flammable materials such as gasoline, ethanol, and diesel fuel are commonly transported in bulk via rail. In many cases, pockets of vapor can be generated inside the tank that can present a hazard if spilled during a collision or other catastrophic accident. Vapor conditions above the Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) if exposed to an external ignition source can result in an explosion or fire. Alternately, residual vapors within a tank present an explosion hazard if not properly vented or inerted prior to maintenance activities. This paper summarizes a generalized study of hazards associated with flammable liquids using computation fluid dynamics (CFD) to predict vapor conditions within a tank or following a spill. The analysis was verified in laboratory testing using scaled tank geometries. A demonstration case was developed using diesel fuel in a locomotive fuel tank. Typical road locomotives carry 3000–5000 gal of diesel fuel during normal operation. As the locomotive consumes fuel, large volumes are available for vapor generation within the tank. In a post-collision scenario, under ambient temperatures over the flash point of the fuel, the vapor that vents to the atmosphere presents a significant fire hazard. Further, flammable mists can be generated by the sprays that develop due to fuel leaks from a moving train. Studies of accident cases over a 10 year period indicated that a fire occurred in 80% of the accidents in which fuel was spilled. A CFD analysis was applied to the geometry associated with a locomotive fuel tank. The analysis models the two phase flow using the “volume of fluid” formalism in Fluent, and using a user defined diesel fuel evaporation algorithm. The tank and environmental parameters included fuel volume, fuel temperature, and air flow within the tank, and critical values of vapor content, temperature and velocity were plotted. The analysis predicted ignition of the external vapor cloud at temperatures relevant to a spill in a summer environment in the southwest, and propagation of the flame into the fuel tank. Laboratory testing confirmed the analysis: Once ignited, a flame propagated into the tank, causing an explosion and fire. The analysis methods developed can be applied to a variety of geometries and fluids, providing a basis for full scale testing. The overall intent of the analysis is to aid in the development of fire mitigation approaches for fuel and flammable material transport that would be practical for railroad use.

scholarly journals Development trends of the fuel and energy resources market in agricultural sector of Ukraine

Ekonomika APK ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 313 (11) ◽  
pp. 80-89
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Zakharchuk ◽  
Tetiana Matsybora
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Retail Price ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Dollar Exchange Rate ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Dollar ◽  
Rate Research

The purpose of the article is to establish the main trends in the development of the market of fuel and energy resources in the agricultural sector, to build a model for calculating the retail price of diesel fuel in Ukraine, depending on world oil prices and the US dollar exchange rate. Research methods. In the process of research, the dialectical method of scientific cognition, analysis and synthesis, system generalization (establishment of the basic tendencies of development of the market of fuel and energy resources in the agricultural sector, formation of conclusions) is used; analytical alignment of the trend (linear) (identifying the trend in the dynamics of demand for gasoline and diesel fuel) were used; world oil prices and retail prices for gasoline and diesel fuel in Ukraine); correlation and regression analysis (quantitative measurement of the degree of influence on the price of diesel fuel of both individual factors and their combination; construction of a regression model for calculating the retail price of diesel fuel in Ukraine depending on world oil prices and the US dollar exchange rate). Research results. The main trends in the development of the market of fuel and energy resources in the agricultural sector of Ukraine have been established. The degree of influence of both individual factors and their combination on the price of diesel fuel has been determined. A regression model is built for calculating the retail price of diesel fuel in Ukraine depending on world oil prices and the US dollar exchange rate. A short-term forecast of the price of diesel fuel in Ukraine has been carried out. Scientific novelty. Based on the establishment of the main trends in the development of the market of fuel and energy resources in the agricultural sector, an econometric model based on multiple linear regression has been built, which allows determining the relationship between the retail price of diesel fuel in Ukraine and the world oil price, as well as the dollar exchange rate. Practical significance. Conclusions, suggestions and practical recommendations can be used in the development of investment projects in agriculture and the formation of state programs for the agricultural sector development. Tabl.: 4, Figs.: 4. Refs.: 14.

scholarly journals Prospects and problems of using liquefied natural gas as fuel on river ships in the northern steaming line of Russia

2021 ◽  
pp. 99-107
Author(s):  
Lev V. Ivanov ◽  
Alexey V. Soloviev ◽  
Ernest V. Rumiantcev
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Main Type ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Fuel Tank ◽  
Operating Costs

The article discusses the prospects for the modernization of projects of ships operating in the water areas of the main Siberian rivers, for the use of liquefied natural gas (LNG) as the main type of fuel, as well as problems associated with the adaptation of existing ship designs. LNG is a cheap, energy efficient, and more environmentally friendly analogue of traditional diesel fuel (DF). Unification of adaptation projects for common types of main engines of ships from northern shipping companies will significantly reduce operating costs. Modernization problems are associated with the storage of fuel stock on ships. The lower density of LNG in comparison with diesel fuel, as well as the need to use a cryogenic fuel tank, reduces the autonomy of the ship's operation on LNG. The analysis carried out in the article showed that with modernization, the autonomy of navigation in terms of fuel reserves can decrease by 2 times

scholarly journals Effect of LPG Content on the Performance and Emissions of A Diesel-LPG Dual-Fuel Engine

1970 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
GA Rao ◽  
AVS Raju ◽  
CVM Rao ◽  
KG Rajulu
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Mechanical Efficiency ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Engine Load ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Combustion Performance

In the present work, LPG, a by-product of petroleum refining process is used to replace conventional diesel fuel, partially, for improved combustion efficiency and clean burning. A conventional diesel engine was operated on the dual-fuel mode, using LPG as the primary fuel and diesel as the pilot fuel. A four-stroke, single-cylinder diesel engine, most widely used in agricultural sector, has been considered for the purpose of experimentation. The engine was operated at a constant speed of 1500 rpm at a low engine load of 20% and a high engine load of 80%. Under both these operating conditions, combustion, performance and emission characteristics of the engine have been evaluated and compared with that of baseline diesel fuel operation. At 20 % engine load the brake thermal efficiency of the engine has found to decrease with an increase in the LPG content. On the other hand at 80% engine load, it has increased with an increase in the LPG content. Same trend has been observed with regard to the mechanical efficiency. The volumetric efficiency has decreased with an increase in the LPG content at both the loads. The engine operation is more economical on dual-fuel operation at 80% engine load, whereas at 20% engine load, diesel fuel operation is found to be better. With regard to emissions, smoke density and emissions of NOx were found to reduce with an increase in LPG content at both the loads; however, emissions of HC and CO have shown the reverse trend. Key words: Dual-Fuel; LPG; Diesel; Combustion; Performance; Emissions Load. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v46i2.8186 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 46(2), 195-200, 2011

scholarly journals Pelatihan KKM (Kepala Kamar Mesin) Bagi Nelayan di Kecamatan Kragan Kabupaten Rembang Jawa Tengah

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Eko Wismo Winarto ◽  
Harjono Harjono ◽  
Lava Himawan
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Cylinder Head ◽  
Spare Part ◽  
Spare Parts ◽  
Fuel Tank ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Engine Room ◽  
Inlet Manifold

The diesel engine lifespan increasing in marine operation will decrease their perfomance.  Some problems will occur, there are hard starting, bad exhaust gas colour and bad power output, suddenly engine stop and hard to start back. There fore any diesel engine training is needed to guard engine perfome. The KKM (Ketua Kamar Mesin= engine room head) training for maintaining their ability to serve diesel engine properly is necesary.   Their ability have came from their friend or autodidact. The 25 fishingman ships were burning at Blora quay last several mounths prove of the lack of their ability. Thre are some rutine maintenances sould be done; every 8 hours Radiator water, diesel fuel and lubricantion oil are controlled, every week (150 hours) air screen cleaning, every two weeks (250 hours) oil lubricant replacement. Every month (500 hours) readjust fuel valve, every 1000 hours oil lubricant replacement and garvernor funtion checking, every 1500 hours inlet manifold cleaning and exhaust sistem, every 3000 fuel tank cleaning and to overhaul also replacement worn out spare parts, every 6000 hours cylinder head take apart and carbonation, and every 12000 hours general over haul and replacement worn out spare part.

RANCANG BANGUN SIMULATOR SISTEM TREATMENT BAHAN BAKAR BIODISEL B20 PADA TANKI INDUK BAHAN BAKAR KRI YOS SUDARSO

ROTOR ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Hadi Prasutiyon ◽  
Arif Winarno ◽  
Edlyn Criptosan
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Fuel Tank ◽  
Ansys Software ◽  
Software Simulation ◽  
Circulation Pump ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Main Engine

Biodiesel B20 is a mixture of 80% fossil diesel fuel and 20% biofuel. When using B20, the fuel has problems in the form of jelly or mud deposition, so it needs to be overcome by treatment. The treatment that is used today uses a circulation pump but has shortcomings and is not efficient so it needs to be modified using a stirrer. In this research, an analysis of the stirrer treatment using ANSYS software simulation method was carried out to determine the change of sediment before and after stirring, with stirring speed 150 rpm. The use of a stirrer simulation is to make 2 simulation models in the main tank as the largest volume and the daily tank as the smallest volume aims to determine the differences in the results of stirring in the largest and smallest tank.. At the time of stirring, the result is a decrease in sediment from 0 minutes to 4 minutes, then 4 minutes to 8 minutes, then 8 minutes to 12 minutes, then 12 minutes to 16 minutes, then 16 minutes to 20 minutes the fuel has decreased very much and the sediment is almost gone. When stirring is carried out for 20 minutes, the sediment in the fuel tank has not reached 0% so it needs to be stirred continuously until the deposit is 0%. After the fuel has not settled, the fuel is transferred to the main engine using a transfer pump. 

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