scholarly journals Modeling Crack Patterns by Modified STIT Tessellations

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-46
Author(s):  
Roberto León ◽  
Werner Nagel ◽  
Joachim Ohser ◽  
Steve Arscott
Keyword(s):  
Soft Matter ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Reference Model ◽  
Fracture Pattern ◽  
Parametric Models ◽  
Simulation Tool ◽  
Thin Metallic Film ◽  
Crack Patterns ◽  
Stit Tessellation ◽  
The Web

Random planar tessellations are presented which are generated by subsequent division of their polygonal cells. The purpose is to develop parametric models for crack patterns appearing at length scales which can change by orders of magnitude in areas such as nanotechnology, materials science, soft matter, and geology. Using the STIT tessellation as a reference model and comparing with phenomena in real crack patterns, three modifications of STIT are suggested. For all these models a simulation tool, which also yields several statistics for the tessellation cells, is provided on the web. The software is freely available via a link given in the bibliography of this article. The present paper contains results of a simulation study indicating some essential features of the models. Finally, an example of a real fracture pattern is considered which is obtained using the deposition of a thin metallic film onto an elastomer material – the results of this are compared to the predictions of the model.

scholarly journals Tourism observatories for monitoring MED destinations performance

Tourism ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 466-481
Author(s):  
Dario Bertocchi ◽  
Nicola Camatti ◽  
Jan Van der Borg
Keyword(s):  
Web 2.0 ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Simulation Tool ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Web

Following the precedent set by the Tourism Observatory (TO) run by the European Commission-DG GROW a few years ago, several initiatives have taken place to design and manage tourism observatories at both the transnational and local level. However, these initiatives do not yet seem able to provide adequate operational responses to the challenges that the Commission launched with the original TO. While the opportunities offered by the Web 2.0 still do not seem to have been sufficiently taken advantage of, such initiatives also have not yet developed suitable methodologies to operationally include the tourism industry in the studies and monitoring performed by the TOs. This work presents the lesion learnt from the ShapeTourism prototype including two different tools: an observatory with official and unofficial indicators, and a simulation tool to predict different scenarios and different sustainability levels, designed specifically to overcome the aforementioned limits. The prototype was tested in 2017 on the entire eligible area of ​​the 2014-2020 MED Programme covering 52 regions. The potentialities of this tool are shown through the creation on indicators, benchmarking and applications.

Nep-Endotrainer: A cost-effective home-made laparoscopic simulation tool

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-55
Author(s):  
Uttam Laudari ◽  
Deepak Mahat ◽  
Rosi Pradhan ◽  
Suyog Bhandari ◽  
Deepak Raj Singh
Keyword(s):  
Laparoscopic Surgery ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Simulation Tool ◽  
Drilling Machine ◽  
Web Camera ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Training Modules ◽  
Established Treatment ◽  
The Web

Introduction: Laparoscopic surgery is an established treatment modality worldwide. Opportunities to acquire this skill using expensive simulation at workplace are not always feasible due to cost, time and accessibility constraints. Nep-Endotrainer is a cost effective homemade laparoscopic simulation tool built in Nepal. Methods: Nep-Endotrainer was built using plastic manikins easily available in market. Nine apertures were created with a drilling machine, four on each side of umbilicus and one at the epigastric region. These apertures were covered by thick piece of rubber of vehicle tire with apertures in them. Logitech® C270 HD webcam was fixed interiorly with metal screws. The base of the manikin was fixed to a wooden board with hinge joint. Five different interchangeable training modules were assembled in 10×10 cm2 size wooden boards. The LED light was fixed interiorly near the web camera. The camera USB can be easily connected with laptops, tablets and mobile phones. We used discarded hand instruments from laparoscopic centers to reduce the cost of the endotrainer. Conclusion: Nep-Endotrainer is accessible to any personal budget and can be readily constructed. It allows more frequent practice at home, outside the venue and hours of surgical departments.

Capturing Online Collaboration in the Design Elements Model for Web 2.0 and Beyond

2010 ◽  
pp. 647-661
Author(s):  
T. Andrew Yang ◽  
Dan J. Kim ◽  
Tri Vu ◽  
Vishal Dhalwani
Keyword(s):  
Web 2.0 ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Web Sites ◽  
Reference Model ◽  
Online Collaboration ◽  
Online Social Networking ◽  
Critical Feature ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
The Web

When analyzing the design elements of Web 1.0 applications, Rayport and Jaworski’s 7C Framework (2001) is a model commonly used by researchers. With the advancement of the Web into the Web 2.0 generation, the 7C Framework is insufficient in addressing a critical feature ubiquitously present in Web 2.0 applications, that is, collaboration. In our previous work, we had extended the 7C Framework into the 8C Framework by incorporating the collaboration element in order to capture the collaboration element in Web 2.0 applications (Yang, Kim, Dhalwani, & Vu, 2008). In this chapter, we present the 8C framework as a reference model for analyzing collaborative Web 2.0 applications, including online social networking Web sites and online collaborative sites such as Wikipedia.

scholarly journals Latest developments in microtomography and nanotomography at PETRA III

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Haibel ◽  
F. Beckmann ◽  
T. Dose ◽  
J. Herzen ◽  
M. Ogurreck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Soft Matter ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Medical Implants ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Fraction ◽  
Novel Applications ◽  
Beam Characteristics ◽  
Low Emittance

Due to the extraordinary beam characteristics of the new PETRA III synchrotron, i.e., the high brilliance, the extremely low emittance of 1 nm rad, and the high fraction of coherent photons even in the hard X-ray range, the imaging beamline (IBL) at PETRA III will provide state of the art imaging and tomography capabilities with resolution well into the nanometer range. Novel applications of tomographic techniques allow for high speed in situ measurements as well as highest spatial and density resolutions. Additionally, the highly coherent beam enables the application of phase contrast methods in an exceptional way. Since the focus is on the energy range between 5 and 50 keV, the IBL will among others be ideally suited for microtomography and nanotomography on small engineering materials science samples as well as for studying soft matter, bones, medical implants, and biomatter.

Adaptation Engineering in Adaptive Concept-Based System

2011 ◽  
pp. 36-58
Author(s):  
Geert-Jan Houben ◽  
Lora Aroyo ◽  
Paul De Bra ◽  
Darina Dicheva
Keyword(s):  
Reference Model ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Data Intensive ◽  
Web Information ◽  
Content Classification ◽  
Adaptive Hypermedia Systems ◽  
Web Information Systems ◽  
Data Intensive Applications ◽  
The Web

This chapter presents main issues and the state of the art of research on adaptation engineering in adaptive concept-based systems. Adaptive concept-based systems are characterised by the prominent role of concept structures, which makes content classification and conceptualisation play central roles in engineering. On top of these concept structures, adaptation is engineered in order to achieve personalisation of both the content and their presentation. For this presentation many systems use hypermedia structures, as that nicely supports the Web-based application. As a consequence, navigation adaptation is also a central issue in system design. Next to modelling domain and adaptation, it is necessary to model the user and what the system knows or assumes of the user. To discuss different approaches to these issues, we have identified three main classes of adaptive concept-based systems. Adaptive Web information systems build the more general class of data-intensive applications. We use the Hera design methodology to explain the properties of this class. The second class of systems is that of adaptive hypermedia systems. On the basis of the AHAM reference model and the AHA! system, we illustrate this class. The third class consists of adaptive task-based systems, for which we present AIMS as a representative.

scholarly journals Surface forces measurement for materials science

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 707-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazue Kurihara
Keyword(s):  
Soft Matter ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Resonance Method ◽  
Surface Force ◽  
Surface Forces ◽  
Liquid Interfaces ◽  
Science Field ◽  
Confined Liquids ◽  
History Of ◽  
Solid Liquid

Abstract This article reviews the surface forces measurement as a novel tool for materials science. The history of the measurement is briefly described in the Introduction. The general overview covers specific features of the surface forces measurement as a tool for studying the solid-liquid interface, confined liquids and soft matter. This measurement is a powerful way for understanding interaction forces, and for characterizing (sometime unknown) phenomena at solid-liquid interfaces and soft complex matters. The surface force apparatus (SFA) we developed for opaque samples can study not only opaque samples in various media, but also electrochemical processes under various electrochemical conditions. Electrochemical SFA enables us to determine the distribution of counterions between strongly bound ones in the Stern layer and those diffused in the Gouy-Chapman layer. The shear measurement is another active area of the SFA research. We introduced a resonance method, i.e. the resonance shear measurement (RSM), that is used to study the effective viscosity and lubricity of confined liquids in their thickness from μm to contact. Advantages of these measurements are discussed by describing examples of each measurement. These studies demonstrate how the forces measurement is used for characterizing solid-liquid interfaces, confined liquids and reveal unknown phenomena. The readers will be introduced to the broad applications of the forces measurement in the materials science field.

scholarly journals Mean-field model of melting in superheated crystals based on a single experimentally measurable order parameter

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikita P. Kryuchkov ◽  
Nikita A. Dmitryuk ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Pavel V. Ovcharov ◽  
Yilong Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Order Parameter ◽  
Soft Matter ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Mean Field ◽  
Mean Square Displacement ◽  
Nucleation Theory ◽  
Local Order ◽  
Mean Field Model ◽  
Melting Front ◽  
System Evolution

AbstractMelting is one of the most studied phase transitions important for atomic, molecular, colloidal, and protein systems. However, there is currently no microscopic experimentally accessible criteria that can be used to reliably track a system evolution across the transition, while providing insights into melting nucleation and melting front evolution. To address this, we developed a theoretical mean-field framework with the normalised mean-square displacement between particles in neighbouring Voronoi cells serving as the local order parameter, measurable experimentally. We tested the framework in a number of colloidal and in silico particle-resolved experiments against systems with significantly different (Brownian and Newtonian) dynamic regimes and found that it provides excellent description of system evolution across melting point. This new approach suggests a broad scope for application in diverse areas of science from materials through to biology and beyond. Consequently, the results of this work provide a new guidance for nucleation theory of melting and are of broad interest in condensed matter, chemical physics, physical chemistry, materials science, and soft matter.

scholarly journals Wavelength-dispersive dark-field contrast: micrometre structure resolution in neutron imaging with gratings

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 569-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Strobl ◽  
B. Betz ◽  
R. P. Harti ◽  
A. Hilger ◽  
N. Kardjilov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Matter ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Neutron Imaging ◽  
Image Resolution ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Spatial Image ◽  
Spatially Resolved ◽  
Dark Field Imaging ◽  
Field Imaging

Dark-field imaging using grating interferometers has been proven to have a high potential for applications in engineering, magnetism, and soft matter and biophysics, as well as in medicine with both neutrons and X-rays. The access to spatially resolved small-angle scattering information in neutron dark-field imaging provides information about structures beyond direct spatial image resolution. The dark-field contrast modality is hence a valuable tool for materials science based on neutron imaging. This is underlined by the success of the method, despite its current limitation to qualitative scattering information. Here it is demonstrated how a wavelength-dispersive approach allows such drawbacks to be overcome by providing quantitative structure size information and hence can introduce novel possibilities and insights for materials science.

scholarly journals Ontologia Cidoc CRM no contexto dos ambientes digitais de patrimônios culturais │ Cidoc CRM ontology in the context of digital cultural heritage environments

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lais Carrasco ◽  
Manfred Thaller ◽  
Silvana Aparecida Borsetti Gregório Vidotti
Keyword(s):  
Information Retrieval ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Reference Model ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
International Networks ◽  
Linguistic Resources ◽  
Cidoc Crm ◽  
Rapid Diffusion ◽  
Concrete Language ◽  
The Web

RESUMO Em decorrência da rápida difusão de informação em ambiente web, o acesso multilíngue e a recuperação multilíngue da informação estão se tornando cada vez mais relevantes. Dessa forma, é importante ressaltar que o acesso multilíngue ao conteúdo é usado para aumentar e melhorar as possibilidades dos usuários acessarem os ambientes culturais digitais e, nesse sentido, seu conteúdo poderia ser acessado na língua nativa ou preferencial do usuário. O problema identificado nesta pesquisa é que o patrimônio cultural mundial é geralmente descrito em muitas línguas nacionais diferentes. Multilinguismo em ontologias tem se tornado uma necessidade iminente para as instituições de todo o mundo com valiosos recursos linguísticos. Como a maioria das ontologias é desenvolvida em uma linguagem específica, a obtenção de ontologias multilíngues implica localizá-las ou adaptá-las a uma linguagem concreta e no âmbito de comunidade cultural. Neste artigo, descreveremos a ontologia Cidoc CRM cujo objetivo é melhorar a experiência do usuário na busca por conteúdo do patrimônio cultural e, assim, tornar os recursos multilíngues mais operacionais.Palavras-chave: Multilinguismo; Ontologias; Recuperação da Informação; Modelo de Referência Conceitual; Interoperabilidade.       ABSTRACT With the recent rapid diffusion of distributed document bases on the international networks of the web, the matter of multilingual access and information retrieval is becoming increasingly relevant. Thus it is important to emphasize that Multilingual Access to content is used to increase and enhance users’ possibilities to access the Cultural Heritage Repositories and their content in their native or preferred language. The issue identified in this research is that the cultural heritage of countries is usually described in many different languages. Multilinguality in ontologies has shown an impending need for institutions worldwide with valuable linguistic resources in different languages. Since most ontologies are developed in one language, obtaining multilingual ontologies implies localizing or adapting them to a concrete language and culture community. In this article we describe the Cidoc CRM ontology, whose goal is to improve the user experience of cultural heritage content by making multilingual features more easily feasible.Keywords: Multilinguality; Ontologies; Information Retrieval; Conceptual Reference Model; Interoperability.

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