scholarly journals Hekimlerin Aşı ve Aşı Karşıtlığı Hakkında Bilgi, Tutum ve Davranışlarının Değerlendirilmesi

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 516-526
Author(s):  
Seçil Yılmaz Akar ◽  
Güzin Zeren Öztürk
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Knowledge Level ◽  
Size Estimation ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Vaccine Recommendations

Introduction: Anti-vaccination movement is an increasing public health problem at present. Healthcare providers play an important role to solve this movement. The knowledge level of healthcare providers about vaccines has an effect on vaccine recommendations, and this affects not only individuals but also public health. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge level and attitudes and behaviors of medical practitioners about vaccines and anti-vaccination. Materials and Methods: This study is single-centered, prospective and cross-sectional. The sample size was calculated with sample size estimation method in simple random sampling from medical practitioners working at University of Health Sciences Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital as of October 2018. Statistical significance was set at p< 0.05. Results: Two hundred and eighty-four medical doctors participated in this study. Sixty-two of the 284 (21.8%) physicians were family practitioners, 51 of 284 (18%) were pediatricians, 51 of 284 (18%) were surgery practitioners and 120 of 284 (42.3%) were from other clinical departments. Thirty-two of the participants (11.3%) were under the assumption that vaccines could cause autism. Five of the participants (1.8%) were under the assumption that the ratio of severe complications after vaccination is 5-10%, and 36 of them (12.7%) were under assumption that this ratio is 1-5%. There were various concerns about the vaccines including the ingredients of the vaccines (77 participants 27.1%), proper storage of the vaccines (35 of participants 12.3%) and production of vthe accines in other countries (90 of participants 31.7%).Two hundered and sixty-one of participants (91.9%) thought that vaccination of children should be legally mandatory. Conclusion: There is a need for regular educational programs on vaccines before and after graduation in order to eliminate the lack of knowledge and concerns of physicians about vaccination.

Homeopathy: statistical significance versus the sample size in experiments with Toxoplasma gondii

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (36) ◽  
pp. 115-118
Author(s):  
Érika Cristina Ferreira ◽  
Paula Fernanda Massini ◽  
Caroline Felicio Braga ◽  
Ricardo Nascimento Drozino ◽  
Neide Martins Moreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Rare Event ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bootstrap Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The World

Introduction: Toxoplasmosis is a zoonosis that represents a serious public health problem, caused by Toxoplasma gondii, which affects 20-90% of the world human population [1,2]. It is a serious problem especially when considering the congenital transmission due to congenital sequels. Treatment with highly diluted substances is one of the alternative/complementary medicines most employed in the world [3,4]. The current ethical rules regarding the number of animals used in animal experimental protocols with the use of more conservative statistical methods [5] can not enhance the biological effects of highly diluted substances observed by the experience of the researcher. Aim: To evaluate the minimum number of animals per group to achieve a significant difference among the groups of animals treated with biotherapic T. gondii and infected with the protozoan regarding the number of cysts observed in the brain. Material and methods: A blind randomized controlled trial was performed using eleven Swiss male mice, aged 57 days, divided into two groups: BIOT-200DH - treated with biotherapic (n=6) and CONTROL - treated with hydroalcoholic solution 7% (n=7).The animals of the group BIOT-200DH were treated for 3 consecutive days in a single dose 0.1ml/dose/day. The animals of BIOT – 200DH group were orally infected with 20 cysts of ME49-T. gondii. The animals of the control group were treated with cereal alcohol 7% (n=7) for 3 consecutive days and then were infected with 20 cysts of ME49 -T. gondii orally. The biotherapic 200DH T. gondii was prepared with homogenized mouse brain, with 20 cysts of T. gondii / 100μL according to the Brazilian Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia [6] in laminar flow. After 60 days post-infection the animals were killed in a chamber saturated with halothane, the brains were homogenized and resuspended in 1 ml of saline solution. Cysts were counted in 25 ml of this suspension, covered with a 24x24 mm coverglass, examined in its full length. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee for animal experimentation of the UEM - Protocol 036/2009. The data were compared using the tests Mann Whitney and Bootstrap [7] with the statistical software BioStat 5.0. Results and discussion: There was no significant difference when analyzed with the Mann-Whitney, even multiplying the "n" ten times (p=0.0618). The number of cysts observed in BIOT 200DH group was 4.5 ± 3.3 and 12.8 ± 9.7 in the CONTROL group. Table 1 shows the results obtained using the bootstrap analysis for each data changed from 2n until 2n+5, and their respective p-values. With the inclusion of more elements in the different groups, tested one by one, randomly, increasing gradually the samples, we observed the sample size needed to statistically confirm the results seen experimentally. Using 17 mice in group BIOT 200DH and 19 in the CONTROL group we have already observed statistical significance. This result suggests that experiments involving highly diluted substances and infection of mice with T. gondii should work with experimental groups with 17 animals at least. Despite the current and relevant ethical discussions about the number of animals used for experimental procedures the number of animals involved in each experiment must meet the characteristics of each item to be studied. In the case of experiments involving highly diluted substances, experimental animal models are still rudimentary and the biological effects observed appear to be also individualized, as described in literature for homeopathy [8]. The fact that the statistical significance was achieved by increasing the sample observed in this trial, tell us about a rare event, with a strong individual behavior, difficult to demonstrate in a result set, treated simply with a comparison of means or medians. Conclusion: Bootstrap seems to be an interesting methodology for the analysis of data obtained from experiments with highly diluted substances. Experiments involving highly diluted substances and infection of mice with T. gondii should be better work with experimental groups using 17 animals at least.

scholarly journals The same old story: Workplace violence towards healthcare providers during COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 006-009
Author(s):  
Ali Kemal Erenler ◽  
Seval Komut ◽  
Ahmet Baydin
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Workplace Violence ◽  
Zero Tolerance ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Intention To Leave ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Zero Tolerance Policy

Workplace violence (WPV) is a growing public health problem worldwide affecting physical and mental health of healthcare providers. It has many deterious consequences such as anxiety, burnout and intention to leave the job. With the pandemic, it is assumed that the incidence of workplace violence tends to increase. Particularly, misinformation about the nature of the disease create prejudice against staff working in healthcare facilities. There are several measures to be taken for prevention of physical and mental health of healthcare providers. A “zero-tolerance policy against violence” should be implemented. Doctors and nurses should be encouraged to report incidents. Social support should be provided for the personnel. In this review, our aim was to clarify if there is an increase in the incidence of WPV against healthcare providers in the pandemic process. We also aimed to make recommendations about measures that must be taken to prevent healthcare providers from detrimental effects of WPV.

scholarly journals Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Tick-Borne Diseases in North-Central Wisconsin from 2000–2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
pp. 5105
Author(s):  
Austin Rau ◽  
Claudia Munoz-Zanzi ◽  
Anna M. Schotthoefer ◽  
Jonathan D. Oliver ◽  
Jesse D. Berman
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
North Central ◽  
Over Time

Lyme disease is a well-recognized public health problem in the USA, however, other tick-borne diseases also have major public health impacts. Yet, limited research has evaluated changes in the spatial and temporal patterns of non-Lyme tick-borne diseases within endemic regions. Using laboratory data from a large healthcare system in north-central Wisconsin from 2000–2016, we applied a Kulldorf’s scan statistic to analyze spatial, temporal and seasonal clusters of laboratory-positive cases of human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA), babesiosis, and ehrlichiosis at the county level. Older males were identified as the subpopulation at greatest risk for non-Lyme tick-borne diseases and we observed a statistically significant spatial and temporal clustering of cases (p < 0.05). HGA risk shifted from west to east over time (2000–2016) with a relative risk (RR) ranging from 3.30 to 11.85, whereas babesiosis risk shifted from south to north and west over time (2004–2016) with an RR ranging from 4.33 to 4.81. Our study highlights the occurrence of non-Lyme tick-borne diseases, and identifies at-risk subpopulations and shifting spatial and temporal heterogeneities in disease risk. Our findings can be used by healthcare providers and public health practitioners to increase public awareness and improve case detection.

scholarly journals Hemoglobinopathies in newborns from Salvador, Bahia, Northeast Brazil

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 292-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisângela Vitória Adorno ◽  
Fábio David Couto ◽  
José Pereira de Moura Neto ◽  
Joelma Figueiredo Menezes ◽  
Marco Rêgo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Genetic Counseling ◽  
Umbilical Cord Blood ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Hemoglobin Molecule ◽  
Hereditary Disorders ◽  
Genetic Counseling Programs

Hemoglobinopathies are hereditary disorders of the hemoglobin molecule with a high prevalence worldwide. Brazil has a prevalence of 0.1 to 0.3% of newborns with sickle cell anemia and 20.0 to 25.0% of heterozygous alpha2 thalassemia among African Brazilians. In the present study, we investigated the presence of variant hemoglobins and alpha2(3.7 Kb) and alpha2(4.2 Kb) thalassemia in newborns from Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. Samples of umbilical cord blood from a total of 590 newborns were analyzed, of which 57 (9.8%) were FAS; 36 (6.5%) FAC; one (0.2%) SF; and five (0.9%) FSC. One hundred fourteen (22.2%) newborns had alpha2(3.7 Kb) thalassemia, of whom 101 (19.7%) were heterozygous and 13 (2.5%) homozygous, showing statistical significance for hematological data between newborns with normal alpha genes and alpha2(3.7 Kb) thalassemia carriers. The alpha2(4.2 Kb) thalassemia was not found. Frequencies found in the present study confirm that hemoglobinopathies are a public health problem in Brazil, emphasizing the need for neonatal screening and genetic counseling programs.

scholarly journals Detection Of Selected Pathogens In Ixodid Ticks Collected From Animals And Vegetation In Five Regions Of Ukraine

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktoriya A. Levytska ◽  
Andriy B. Mushinsky ◽  
Dana Cernanska ◽  
Lucia Blanarova ◽  
Ewa Długosz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Dermacentor Reticulatus ◽  
Ixodid Ticks ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Babesia Spp

Abstract Background Over the last few decades tick-borne diseases have emerged as an increasingly significant public health problem. The distribution and prevalence of zoonotic pathogens infecting ixodid ticks from Western Europe have been extensively examined. However, data on ticks and tick-borne pathogens in Eastern Europe, particularly Ukraine are scarce. The objective of the current study was, therefore, to investigate the prevalence rates of Anaplasma phagocytophilum , the Anaplasmataceae family, Rickettsia spp., Babesia spp., Bartonella spp., and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in engorged and questing ixodid ticks collected from five administrative oblasts (regions) of Ukraine, namely Chernivtsi, Khmelnytskyi, Kyiv, Ternopil, and Vinnytsia.Methods The ticks were collected from both wild and domestic animals and from vegetation. Of 524 ixodid ticks collected, 3, 99, and 422 ticks were identified as Ixodes hexagonus , Ixodes ricinus, and Dermacentor reticulatus , respectively. DNA samples individually extracted from 168 questing and 354 engorged adult ticks were subjected to pathogen-specific PCR analyses.Results The mean prevalence rates in all I. ricinus and D. reticulatus ticks were, respectively: 10.3% (10/97) and 2.8% (12/422) for A. phagocytophilum ; 69.1% (67/97) and 52.1% (220/422) for the Anaplasmataceae family; 24.7% (24/97) and 27.7% (117/422) for Rickettsia spp.; 3.1% (3/97) and 1.4% (6/422) for Babesia spp.; and 9.3% (9/97) and 4.7% (20/422) for Bartonella spp. Overall, between the five cities, there was no significant difference in the prevalence rates of any of the pathogens for the respective ticks ( p >0.05). The prevalence of B. burgdorferi s.l. in the engorged and questing I. ricinus ticks varied from 26.7% and 0% to 44.4% and 14.3%, respectively, with no statistical significance identified between the five cities ( p >0.05).Conclusions In addition to reporting the updated data for Kyiv and Ternopil, this study is the first to provide the prevalence rates of the tick-borne pathogens for Chernivtsi, Khmelnytskyi, and Vinnytsia. This investigation is also the first to detect Ca. N. mikurensis in ixodid ticks from Ukraine. These new data will be useful for medical and veterinary practitioners as well as public health officials when diagnosing infections and when implementing measures to combat tick-borne diseases in Ukraine.

Self-reported training needs of emergency responders in disasters requiring military interface

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian Levy, DrPH, RD ◽  
Robert W. Koch, DNSc, RN ◽  
Marla B. Royne, PhD
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Training Needs ◽  
Medical Emergency ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Emergency Responders ◽  
Medical Response

Objective: The purpose of this study is to identify perceived training needs of emergency responders to understand their needs to interface effectively with military operations for emergency response in the event of a disaster.Design: A Web-based survey with civilian medical practitioners and public health professionals was conducted to identify their perceptions of training needs related to civilian-military interface in disaster response.Setting: Lists of potential survey participants were obtained from local health departments and LISTSERVS in the two regions of interest: the South and the Midwest.Participants: Participants (n = 673) included health practitioners (medical, emergency care, and public health personnel) from hospitals, public service, and other nonprofit and governmental workers.Main outcome measure(s): Outcomes include perceived training needs, barriers to training, and preferred training formats and modalities.Results: Data indicate a perceived knowledge gap of civilian healthcare providers to interface effectively with military healthcare providers. Nearly three-fourths of respondents did not feel well-trained to work with the military during a disaster response or were unsure if they were well trained. Key areas for training include communication, chain of command during a disaster, and logistics of working with military personnel. Barriers to training include expense; ineffective, boring formats; and excessive time requirements. Most respondents favor interactive exercises rather than didactic training.Conclusions: Poor communication and lack of familiarity with military operations create barriers to effective coordinated response between military units and civilian responders in federal disaster response. Identifying gaps and training needs for these responders have far-reaching implications in public health’s ability to coordinate medical response as part of Emergency Support Function-8.

scholarly journals Communicating with healthcare providers

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (S1) ◽  
pp. 53-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tee L. Guidotti ◽  
Lisa Ragain
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Nursing Education ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Working Relationships ◽  
Provider Training ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Health Professionals ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Grand Rounds

Studies of risk communication have identified healthcare providers, especially physicians, as the source of information most trusted by the public on issues of environmental health. Nothing in medical, nursing or most healthcare provider training actually prepares practitioners to play this role and healthcare providers are generally more oriented toward treatment and medical care than prevention and public health. Healthcare providers require education in order to play this role but rarely seek it. Gaps in the knowledge of professional on the issue of Cryptosporidium illustrate the problem. For members of the professional water community, communicating with healthcare providers is best done when messages are delivered in familiar settings, such as hospital Grand Rounds (a universal format for teaching conferences) and provided in a narrative (case-based) form but gaining access is difficult if the topic is not obviously clinical in nature. In addition to being a critically important target group itself, public health professionals are easier to reach and may mediate good working relationships with medical practitioners. We suggest a strategy for water utilities based on partnerships with academic public health and providing education through well-recognized formats in continuing medical and nursing education.

scholarly journals Healthcare providers’ digital competency: a cross-sectional survey in a low-income country setting

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirubel Biruk Shiferaw ◽  
Binyam Chakilu Tilahun ◽  
Berhanu Fikadie Endehabtu
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
North West ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression ◽  
Digital Competency

Abstract Background Healthcare providers across all clinical practice settings are progressively relying and adapting information communication technologies to perform their professional activities. In this era of technology, healthcare providers especially in lower income countries should have at least basic digital competency if a successful application of technology is to be achieved. The aim of this study was to assess digital competency of healthcare providers among seven public health centers in North-West Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study design was applied to assess the basic digital competency of healthcare providers working in seven public health centers in North-west Amhara regional state, Ethiopia. Self-administered questionnaire adopted from the European commission’s digital competency framework for assessing digital competency were used. A multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with basic digital competency with p-value< 0.05 as a rule out for statistical significance. The strength of association was explained in terms of coefficient estimate, adjusted odds ratio and a 95% confidence interval (CI). Result From the total of 193 healthcare providers included in the study, 167 of them responded which is a response rate of 86.5%. The majority of respondents 88 (52.7%) were males and the mean age was 28.2 years with a standard deviation of 5.5 years. The result indicated that all items demonstrated an adequate level of internal consistency with Cronbach alpha > 0 .7. Healthcare providers in those public health centers reported that problem solving, safety and communication are the most common challenges encountered. The multivariable logistic regression model indicated that factors such as sex, educational status, profession type, monthly income and years of experience are statistically significant predictors. Conclusion Basic digital competency level of healthcare providers working in public health centers in this setting is relatively low. The results highlight the need to improve digital competency among healthcare providers focusing on the identified skill gaps.

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