scholarly journals Hemoglobinopathies in newborns from Salvador, Bahia, Northeast Brazil

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 292-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisângela Vitória Adorno ◽  
Fábio David Couto ◽  
José Pereira de Moura Neto ◽  
Joelma Figueiredo Menezes ◽  
Marco Rêgo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Genetic Counseling ◽  
Umbilical Cord Blood ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Hemoglobin Molecule ◽  
Hereditary Disorders ◽  
Genetic Counseling Programs

Hemoglobinopathies are hereditary disorders of the hemoglobin molecule with a high prevalence worldwide. Brazil has a prevalence of 0.1 to 0.3% of newborns with sickle cell anemia and 20.0 to 25.0% of heterozygous alpha2 thalassemia among African Brazilians. In the present study, we investigated the presence of variant hemoglobins and alpha2(3.7 Kb) and alpha2(4.2 Kb) thalassemia in newborns from Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. Samples of umbilical cord blood from a total of 590 newborns were analyzed, of which 57 (9.8%) were FAS; 36 (6.5%) FAC; one (0.2%) SF; and five (0.9%) FSC. One hundred fourteen (22.2%) newborns had alpha2(3.7 Kb) thalassemia, of whom 101 (19.7%) were heterozygous and 13 (2.5%) homozygous, showing statistical significance for hematological data between newborns with normal alpha genes and alpha2(3.7 Kb) thalassemia carriers. The alpha2(4.2 Kb) thalassemia was not found. Frequencies found in the present study confirm that hemoglobinopathies are a public health problem in Brazil, emphasizing the need for neonatal screening and genetic counseling programs.

HYPERTENSION – A PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEM

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adia Pilav ◽  
Emira Tanović-Mikulec ◽  
Suada Branković ◽  
Vedran Đido
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Population Approach ◽  
Hypertension Control ◽  
Adequate Model ◽  
High Prevalence

Aim. The aim of this paper is to present public health importance of hypertension in population as one of the major CVD risk factor as well as a model of integrated approach to hypertension control at community level. Background. In spite of wide knowledge of pathophysiology and epidemiology in development of hypertension, ability to easily diagnose it, availability of efficient medications, hypertension continues to have high prevalence and setting up hypertension controls poses significant public health challenge. High prevalence of hypertension exists in all countries of the world, regardless of socioeconomic status of the country. It is estimated that the number of people with hypertension by 2025 will rise by 15-20%, and the number of sick people will increase up to 1.5 billion people worldwide. Methods. A review of the relevant literature which discusses the importance of defining clear strategies and interventions in the control of hypertension in countries, with particular emphasis on integrated hypertension management that has the greatest impact. Discussion. Effective and efficient hypertension control requires two approaches: population approach and individual approach to high-risk individuals. The balanced combination of population approach and an approach to access high-risk individuals is vital for the effective control of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. Conclusions. Health systems in every country must be flexible and ready to provide adequate model of integrated approach to hypertension control at community level understanding their own local needs.

scholarly journals Disruptions to schistosomiasis programmes due to COVID-19: an analysis of potential impact and mitigation strategies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klodeta Kura ◽  
Diepreye Ayabina ◽  
Jaspreet Toor ◽  
T. Deirdre Hollingsworth ◽  
Roy M. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Mitigation Strategy ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Mass Treatment ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Central Pillar ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackgroundThe 2030 goal for schistosomiasis is elimination as a public health problem (EPHP), with mass drug administration (MDA) of praziquantel to school-aged children (SAC) a central pillar of the strategy. However, due to COVID-19, many mass treatment campaigns for schistosomiasis have been halted with uncertain implications for the programmes.MethodWe use mathematical modelling to explore how postponement of MDA and various mitigation strategies affect achievement of the EPHP goal for Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium.ResultsIn moderate and some high prevalence settings, the disruption may delay the goal by up to two years. In some high prevalence settings EPHP is not achievable with current strategies, and so the disruption will not impact this. Here, increasing SAC coverage and treating adults can achieve the goal.The impact of MDA disruption and the appropriate mitigation strategy varies according to the baseline prevalence prior to treatment, the burden of infection in adults and stage of the programme.ConclusionsSchistosomiasis MDA programmes in medium and high prevalence areas should restart as soon as is feasible, and mitigation strategies may be required in some settings.

scholarly journals The contemporary management of neck pain in adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-87
Author(s):  
Junior V Fandim ◽  
Renato Nitzsche ◽  
Zoe A Michaleff ◽  
Leonardo Oliveira Pena Costa ◽  
Bruno Saragiotto
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Neck Pain ◽  
Spinous Process ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Common Condition ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Important Public Health ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Contemporary Management

Neck pain is a common condition with a high prevalence worldwide. Neck pain is associated with significant levels of disability and is widely considered an important public health problem. Neck pain is defined as pain perceived between the superior nuchal line and the spinous process of the first thoracic vertebra. In some types of neck conditions, the pain can be referred to the head, trunk and upper limbs. This article aims to provide an overview of the available evidence on prevalence, costs, diagnosis, prognosis, risk factors, prevention and management of patients with neck pain.

scholarly journals Emotions of students involved in cases of bullying

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 344-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julliane Messias Cordeiro Sampaio ◽  
Gabriela Valente Santos ◽  
Wanderlei Abadio de Oliveira ◽  
Jorge Luiz da Silva ◽  
Marcelo Medeiros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sixth Grade ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
School Bullying ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sixth Grade Students ◽  
High Prevalence

The objective was to estimate the prevalence of school bullying and identify the emotions of students involved. In this cross-sectional and descriptive study, a questionnaire was applied to 232 sixth-grade students of a public school. The results show a large number of students involved in bullying (39.6%): 22.2% were victims and 17.4% were aggressors. Anger was the most frequent emotion experienced by the victims when suffering aggression, while most aggressors reported that no emotions were experienced when abusing their peers. The high prevalence of bullying, its characteristics and the negative consequences that arise make it a public health problem. This study covers the importance of identifying emotions associated with school bullying, a subject seldom explored, which can contribute to the development of integral healthcare delivered to students.

scholarly journals Obesity among females in Al-Sader city Baghdad, Iraq, 2017.

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-107
Author(s):  
Hadeel M. Jasim ◽  
Hassan M. Abdul Hussein ◽  
Eman A. Al-Kaseer
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Graphic Data ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Primary Health Care Centers ◽  
Health Care Centers

Background: obesity is a serious public health problem. Literatures in Iraq explained that obesity due tochange in economy and Lifestyles.Objective: To report on prevalence of obesity among women in Al- sader City, Baghdad. 2017.Method: A total of 440 females were included in this study. They were Selected randomly from relativesto patients accompanied them In attending to primary health care centers. BMI (body mass index) toassess the Weight. Demo-graphic data were requested too.Result: The prevalence of obesity was 35.2%. Age , education, divorced Widows were determinants ofobesity. Employment and crowding Index (socioeconomic status) were not obvious determinants ofobesity.Conclusion: High prevalence of obesity was observed.

scholarly journals Detection Of Selected Pathogens In Ixodid Ticks Collected From Animals And Vegetation In Five Regions Of Ukraine

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktoriya A. Levytska ◽  
Andriy B. Mushinsky ◽  
Dana Cernanska ◽  
Lucia Blanarova ◽  
Ewa Długosz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Dermacentor Reticulatus ◽  
Ixodid Ticks ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Babesia Spp

Abstract Background Over the last few decades tick-borne diseases have emerged as an increasingly significant public health problem. The distribution and prevalence of zoonotic pathogens infecting ixodid ticks from Western Europe have been extensively examined. However, data on ticks and tick-borne pathogens in Eastern Europe, particularly Ukraine are scarce. The objective of the current study was, therefore, to investigate the prevalence rates of Anaplasma phagocytophilum , the Anaplasmataceae family, Rickettsia spp., Babesia spp., Bartonella spp., and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in engorged and questing ixodid ticks collected from five administrative oblasts (regions) of Ukraine, namely Chernivtsi, Khmelnytskyi, Kyiv, Ternopil, and Vinnytsia.Methods The ticks were collected from both wild and domestic animals and from vegetation. Of 524 ixodid ticks collected, 3, 99, and 422 ticks were identified as Ixodes hexagonus , Ixodes ricinus, and Dermacentor reticulatus , respectively. DNA samples individually extracted from 168 questing and 354 engorged adult ticks were subjected to pathogen-specific PCR analyses.Results The mean prevalence rates in all I. ricinus and D. reticulatus ticks were, respectively: 10.3% (10/97) and 2.8% (12/422) for A. phagocytophilum ; 69.1% (67/97) and 52.1% (220/422) for the Anaplasmataceae family; 24.7% (24/97) and 27.7% (117/422) for Rickettsia spp.; 3.1% (3/97) and 1.4% (6/422) for Babesia spp.; and 9.3% (9/97) and 4.7% (20/422) for Bartonella spp. Overall, between the five cities, there was no significant difference in the prevalence rates of any of the pathogens for the respective ticks ( p >0.05). The prevalence of B. burgdorferi s.l. in the engorged and questing I. ricinus ticks varied from 26.7% and 0% to 44.4% and 14.3%, respectively, with no statistical significance identified between the five cities ( p >0.05).Conclusions In addition to reporting the updated data for Kyiv and Ternopil, this study is the first to provide the prevalence rates of the tick-borne pathogens for Chernivtsi, Khmelnytskyi, and Vinnytsia. This investigation is also the first to detect Ca. N. mikurensis in ixodid ticks from Ukraine. These new data will be useful for medical and veterinary practitioners as well as public health officials when diagnosing infections and when implementing measures to combat tick-borne diseases in Ukraine.

scholarly journals Obesity among females in Al-Sader city Baghdad, Iraq, 2017.

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-107
Author(s):  
Hadeel M. Jasim ◽  
Hassan M. Abdul Hussein ◽  
Eman A. Al-Kaseer
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Graphic Data ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Primary Health Care Centers ◽  
Health Care Centers

Background: obesity is a serious public health problem. Literatures in Iraq explained that obesity due tochange in economy and Lifestyles.Objective: To report on prevalence of obesity among women in Al- sader City, Baghdad. 2017.Method: A total of 440 females were included in this study. They were Selected randomly from relativesto patients accompanied them In attending to primary health care centers. BMI (body mass index) toassess the Weight. Demo-graphic data were requested too.Result: The prevalence of obesity was 35.2%. Age , education, divorced Widows were determinants ofobesity. Employment and crowding Index (socioeconomic status) were not obvious determinants ofobesity.Conclusion: High prevalence of obesity was observed.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and sociocultural conditionants of Chagas disease in school aged children of marginal zones of Asunción

1998 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ninfa I. Vera ◽  
Marisel Maldonado ◽  
Gloria Yaluff ◽  
Luis Simancas ◽  
Antonieta Rojas de Arias
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Rural Populations ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Marginal Zones

Chagas disease is becoming a public health problem in Latin America due to the wide distribution, the high prevalence, the magnitude of the damage caused and the difficulties to control it. In Paraguay, the disease is mainly distributed in the departments of Paraguari, Cordillera and Central. Prevalence in marginal zones, where migrations from rural populations and endemic areas make possible the urbanization of the disease, has no been studied yet. This is a descriptive study with a cross-sectional sampling and a probabilistic system recruitment carried out in school aged children from marginal zones of Asuncion to determine the prevalence of Chagas' disease. Serological methods, parasite isolation and questionnaires were used to achieve the goals. Nine hundred and fifty three children were studied to determine the prevalence of Chagas' disease in marginal zones which was 1.4%.

scholarly journals Hekimlerin Aşı ve Aşı Karşıtlığı Hakkında Bilgi, Tutum ve Davranışlarının Değerlendirilmesi

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 516-526
Author(s):  
Seçil Yılmaz Akar ◽  
Güzin Zeren Öztürk
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Knowledge Level ◽  
Size Estimation ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Vaccine Recommendations

Introduction: Anti-vaccination movement is an increasing public health problem at present. Healthcare providers play an important role to solve this movement. The knowledge level of healthcare providers about vaccines has an effect on vaccine recommendations, and this affects not only individuals but also public health. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge level and attitudes and behaviors of medical practitioners about vaccines and anti-vaccination. Materials and Methods: This study is single-centered, prospective and cross-sectional. The sample size was calculated with sample size estimation method in simple random sampling from medical practitioners working at University of Health Sciences Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital as of October 2018. Statistical significance was set at p< 0.05. Results: Two hundred and eighty-four medical doctors participated in this study. Sixty-two of the 284 (21.8%) physicians were family practitioners, 51 of 284 (18%) were pediatricians, 51 of 284 (18%) were surgery practitioners and 120 of 284 (42.3%) were from other clinical departments. Thirty-two of the participants (11.3%) were under the assumption that vaccines could cause autism. Five of the participants (1.8%) were under the assumption that the ratio of severe complications after vaccination is 5-10%, and 36 of them (12.7%) were under assumption that this ratio is 1-5%. There were various concerns about the vaccines including the ingredients of the vaccines (77 participants 27.1%), proper storage of the vaccines (35 of participants 12.3%) and production of vthe accines in other countries (90 of participants 31.7%).Two hundered and sixty-one of participants (91.9%) thought that vaccination of children should be legally mandatory. Conclusion: There is a need for regular educational programs on vaccines before and after graduation in order to eliminate the lack of knowledge and concerns of physicians about vaccination.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document