scholarly journals The development of tomatillo (Physalis ixocarpa Brot.) in Polish conditions. II. Flowering and fruiting

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 11-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leszek S. Jankiewicz ◽  
Jan Borkowski
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Developmental Cycle ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Lateral Branches ◽  
Husk Tomato ◽  
Generative Organs ◽  
Vegetative Season

The reproductive development of tomatillo (husk tomato) was investigated in the conditions of central Poland. The developmental cycle of tomatillo in Poland lasts 20-23 weeks, including 6 weeks in a greenhouse or a tunnel and is longer than in Mexico (15 weeks). The plant grows well in Poland and is fruiting aboundantly. The cv. Rendidora B1 was early fruiting and sensitive to drought so it should be cultivated in a garden. Cvs Bujna and Antocyjanowa were medium late or late and suitable for open-field cultivation. Fruit development lasts about 6 weeks. Fruiting was concentrated on the apparent lateral branches of the 1st and 2nd order during the large part of a vegetative season. Among the abscised generative organs predominated flowers and at the end of vegetative season the flower buds. The maximum abscission of flower buds and flowers took place about 2-4 weeks after the most intensive flowering and fruit set. The fruits of many individuals are easily cracking. After being abscised they are attacked frequently by <i>Botrytis</i> sp.

scholarly journals Heat unit accumulation and inflorescence and fruit development in ‘Ubá’ mango trees grown in Visconde do Rio Branco-MG

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorena Moreira Carvalho Lemos ◽  
Luiz Carlos Chamhum Salomão ◽  
Dalmo Lopes de Siqueira ◽  
Olinto Liparini Pereira ◽  
Paulo Roberto Cecon
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Development ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Developmental Cycle ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Heat Units ◽  
Mango Tree ◽  
Apical Bud

Abstract There are little information in the scientific literature on flowering and fruiting of ‘Ubá’ mango trees. These information enables to know the proportion of hermaphrodite flowers in inflorescence, fruit set percentage and developmental stages of the fruit. In this study evaluations on inflorescence and fruit development of the ‘Ubá’ mango tree (Mangifera indica L.) were carried out, as well as the determination of the required number of heat units for full fruit development. Thirty branches whose terminal buds were swollen were selected from five mango trees. With the aid of a camera and a caliper, the panicle and fruit development were evaluated weekly until full fruit development. A digital thermometer was used to record ambient temperatures during fruit development in order to estimate the number of heat units required for complete development of the fruits. Male and hermaphrodite flowers of the panicles were also identified and counted. The developmental cycle of ‘Ubá’ mango from the beginning of apical bud swelling to commercial harvest of the fruit lasted 168 days in 2011 and 154 days in 2012. The number of hermaphrodite flowers and the percentage of fruit set in the inflorescence in 2011 were 32.3 and 0.066%, respectively; and 122.1 and 0.099% in 2012, respectively. There was accumulation of 3,173 heat units from flower bud swelling to full development of the ‘Ubá’ mangoes.

scholarly journals Flower Bud Load Influences Blueberry Vegetative and Fruit Development

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 682e-682
Author(s):  
B.E. Maust ◽  
J.G. Williamson ◽  
R.L. Darnell
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
Southern Highbush

A field experiment was conducted in Gainesville, Fla., with two southern highbush blueberry cultivars, `Misty' and `Sharpblue', to investigate the influence of varying flower bud load on the timing and extent of vegetative and reproductive development. Flower bud load was adjusted on three different canes on ten plants by removing none, one-third, or two-thirds of the flower buds. Vegetative budbreak, leaf area, fruit number, and fruit fresh weight and dry weight were measured. Vegetative budbreak was delayed with increasing flower bud load. Vegetative budbreak, leaf area, and leaf area: fruit ratio decreased with increasing flower bud load. Fruit maturity was delayed and average berry fresh weight and dry weight declined with decreasing leaf area:fruit ratio. Responses were similar for both cultivars although `Misty' was more adversely affected by high flower bud load and low leaf area: fruit ratio.

ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AFFECTING FLOWERING AND FRUIT DEVELOPMENT OF OPUNTIA FICUS-INDICA CUTTINGS DURING THE THREE WEEKS BEFORE PLANTING

1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yitzchak Gutterman
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Apical Part ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Opuntia Ficus Indica ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Axillary Meristems ◽  
Lateral Branches

Opuntia ficus-indica(prickly pear) is a widespread desert perennial cactus shrub. The plants produce either lateral branches or flowers from the axillary meristems, depending on maternal and environmental influences.The flower buds develop from the axillary meristems mainly at the margin of the apical part of the terminal flat branch segments. Flower bud meristems start to be active and secrete mucus in January. The red-bracted flower buds start to appear in March/April, flowers open in May/June, and fruit matures in June/August.This study focused on the appearance of flower buds, flowers, and fruits after induction ofO. ficus-indicaone-segment branch cuttings by environmental factors during the 3-week healing period after cutting and before planting. The influence of treatments such as temperature, light intensity, and day length on flower bud appearance and fruit development is described.

Reproductive Responses of Capsicum annuum to High Temperatures

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 543c-543
Author(s):  
Ami N. Erickson ◽  
Albert H. Markhart
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Flower Development ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Bud Size ◽  
Growth Chambers ◽  
Constant Growth

Fruit yield reduction due to high temperatures has been widely observed in Solanaceous crops. Our past experiments have demonstrated that Capsicum annuum cultivars Ace and Bell Boy completely fail to produce fruit when grown at constant 33 °C. However, flowers are produced, continually. To determine which stages of flower development are sensitive to high temperatures, pepper buds, ranging in size from 1 mm to anthesis, were exposed to high temperatures for 6 hr, 48 hr, 5 days, or for the duration of the experiment. Fruit set for each bud size was determined. Exposure to high temperatures at anthesis and at the 2-mm size stage for 2 or more days significantly reduced fruit production. To determine whether inhibition of pollination, inhibition of fertilization, and/or injury to the female or male structures prevents fruit production at high temperatures, flowers from pepper cultivars Ace and Bell Boy were grown until flowers on the 8th or 9th node were 11 mm in length. Plants were divided between 25 °C and 33 °C constant growth chambers for 2 to 4 days until anthesis. At anthesis, flowers from both treatments were cross-pollinated in all combination, and crosses were equally divided between 33 or 25 °C growth chambers until fruit set or flowers abscised. All flower crosses resulted in 80% to 100% fruit set when post-pollination temperatures were 25 °C. However, post-pollination temperatures of 33 °C significantly reduced fruit production. Reduced fruit set by flowers exposed to high temperatures during anthesis and pollination is not a result of inviable pollen or ovule, but an inhibition of fertilization or initial fruit development.

scholarly journals Photoperiod, Carbon Partitioning, and Reproductive Development in Rabbiteye Blueberry

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (5) ◽  
pp. 856-860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca L. Darnell
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Carbon Partitioning ◽  
Stem Tissue ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Vaccinium Ashei ◽  
Bloom Period ◽  
Short Days

Containerized `Climax' and `Beckyblue' rabbiteye blueberry plants (Vaccinium ashei Reade) were exposed to 5 weeks of natural daylengths or shortened daylengths starting 30 Sept. `Beckyblue' plants exposed to short daylengths in the fall initiated more flower buds and had a shorter, more concentrated bloom period than did plants exposed to natural fall daylengths. Reproductive development of `Climax' was not influenced by photoperiod treatments. Leaf carbon assimilation of both cultivars increased under short days. Partitioning of translocated 14C-labeled assimilates to stem tissue increased under short photoperiods for `Beckyblue'; however, partitioning patterns in `Climax' were not affected. Increased carbon fixation and increased partitioning of carbon to stem tissue under short days may contribute to the observed effect of short days on enhancing reproductive development in `Beckyblue'.

Development of Garcinia Atroviridis (Asam Gelugur) during Fruit Growth

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-20
Author(s):  
O. Nur Allisha ◽  
O. Zaulia ◽  
M. A. I. Mohd Shukri ◽  
M. N. Suriani ◽  
G. Nur Syafini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Soluble Solid Content ◽  
Visual Appearance ◽  
Dried Fruit

Asam gelugur (Garcinia atroviridis Griff ex. T. Anderson) in Malaysia normally used as dried fruit for ingredients in the food. Dried G. atroviridis also used for medicinal and health benefits food. Recently, G. atroviridis become more popular when RandD found that this fruit has high hydroxy acetic acid (HCA) (to reduce cholesterol and fat, slimming agent), high antioxidant content, anti-bacteria, anti-tumour, manage high blood pressure etc. This fruit was processed as health benefit foods and also as supplement and healthy drink. This traditional plant also proven can be planted on a commercial scale and give promising income to entrepreneurs. Therefore, a study on this plant also given priority. Study on different maturity stages is important to understand the development of fruit and to determine suitable harvesting stage as a guideline for harvesting and processing. Therefore, this study were carried out by tagging the fruit from flowering until the fruit set, matured and ripen stage. From the observation, fruit at age 85 days after flowering seem started matured and they were picked at every 5 days and analysed until day 125 when fruit were overripe and drop from tree. Fruit were analysed on physical (visual appearance, firmness, lightness, chroma, hue) and chemical (pH, total titratable acidity (TTA), ascorbic acid, soluble solid content (SSC) changes. Result showed that SSC of G. atroviridis were range from 6.13 – 7.73. SSC of G. atroviridis maintain during development and significantly increased after 120 days. Acidity (TTA) of G. atroviridis were very high (3.83 – 4.60 mg/100g). TTA significantly low at day 90 and 120 after fruit set, compare to other stages. Ascorbic acid content of G. atroviridis is considered low (0.77 – 1.35 mg/100g). pH of G. atroviridis is very low at 2.41 -2.60. This considered too low compared to other fruits. pH and ascorbic acid of G. atroviridis is fluctuated during the development of fruit from 85 to 125 day after flowering. Skin lightness increased significantly from day 85 to 100, maintain until day 110 and significantly decreased until day 125. Flesh lightness maintain during fruit development. Skin chroma maintain from day 85 to day 105, significantly increased after day 105 to 110, maintain until day 115 and significantly decreased thereafter. Flesh chroma remain un-change during fruit development from day 85 to day 120, but slightly increased from day 120 to until day 125. Skin hue maintain from day 85 to day 95, significantly decreased after day 100 to 110, significantly increased until day 115 and maintain thereafter. Flesh hue remain un-change during fruit development from day 85 to day 125. Firmness of G. atroviridis maintain during development, 19.35 – 23.25 N, but significantly higher at 125 days after flowering, 25.32 N.

Spring frost damage to placental tissues in lowbush blueberry flower buds

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 779-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Randall ◽  
Olson and Leonard J. Eaton
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Vaccinium Angustifolium ◽  
Spring Frost ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry ◽  
Commercial Yield ◽  
Spring Frosts

Closed flower buds and flowers at full bloom of Vaccinium angustifolium Ait. were collected from the field and histologically examined after severe spring frosts. Prior to anthesis, blackened ovarian placentae in closed buds were the only damaged tissues evident; placental damage may interfere with both seed and fruit set. Undetected frost damaged placentae may contribute to losses in commercial yield. Key words: Vaccinium, frost damage, placenta

Fruit development and associated changes in the distribution of dry weight and nitrogen in Lupinus angustifolius cv. Uniharvest and L. consentinii selection CB12

1976 ◽  
Vol 16 (80) ◽  
pp. 387 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Farrington
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Lupinus Angustifolius ◽  
Rapid Fall

Reproductive development, and the distribution of dry matter and nitrogen were followed in field plantings of Lupinus angustifolius cv. Uniharvest and L. cosentinii selection CB12 from the start of flowering until maturity. L. cosentinii (CBI 2) commenced flowering one week earlier, but developed one less order of inflorescences and fewer flowers than L. angustfiolius (Uniharvest) ; yet it set more pods and produced more seed. In both species seeds did not commence to fill until the leaves began to fall shortly after flowering ended. Seeds in pods on all orders of inflorescence filled concurrently. The increase in seed weight coincided with a rapid fall in the nitrogen content of other fractions of the tops.

Fruit development in eucalypts (Myrtaceae: Eucalypteae)

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Bohte ◽  
Andrew N. Drinnan
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Oil Glands ◽  
Developmental Anatomy ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Additional Cell ◽  
Fruit Stage

Developmental anatomy of eucalypt flower buds from flower to mature fruits was investigated using light microscopy. Several important features contribute to the maturity of flower and fruit. The epidermis of the flower in many species is replaced by periderm in the fruit. Brachysclereid idioblasts develop in the parenchymatous zone beneath the epidermis; fibres develop from cambium-like activity in the vascular bundles located in the mid-region of the ovary wall; and cells adjacent to the locule lining mature as transversely oriented filiform sclereids. The initiation of these features in relation to anthesis varies among taxa, and this influences flower and fruit anatomy and morphology. In taxa where sclereids and fibres are initiated following anthesis, there is substantial post-anthesis growth and fruits are larger than flowers. When these features are developed before anthesis, the flowers are essentially pre-fruits that exhibit little or no further growth in the fruit stage apart from additional cell-wall lignification. Several other anatomical features, such as oil ducts and the distribution of oil glands and crystal layers, are not developmentally variable, but are phylogenetically informative within the eucalypt group.

Source - sink manipulation to increase melon (Cucumis melo L.) fruit biomass and soluble sugar content

2004 ◽  
Vol 55 (12) ◽  
pp. 1241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Long ◽  
Kerry B. Walsh ◽  
Gordon Rogers ◽  
David J. Midmore
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Development ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugar Content ◽  
Source Sink ◽  
Cucumis Melo L ◽  
Treatment Application

Various source–sink perturbations were employed to alter partitioning to orange flesh melon (Cucumis melo L. reticulatus group) and thus to influence fruit biomass and soluble sugar content (indexed as total soluble solids of fruit juice, % TSS), with attention given to the timing of treatment application. A strong relationship existed between harvest index and fruit mass (r2 = 0.88) in control plants, whereas the correlation with fruit TSS was poor (r2 = 0.11). Augmentation of assimilate supply to fruit early in fruit development (before approx. 21 days before harvest, DBH) resulted in more fruit set and increased fruit biomass, whereas augmentation after 21 DBH resulted in increased fruit TSS. Thus, fruit biomass was increased (1644 cf. 1442 g FW per fruit for control, P = 0.02), but not TSS, on plants in which fruit set was delayed (source biomass increased, harvest index decreased from 59% for control to 38%). Treatment of plants with a cytokinin-based vegetative growth inhibitor at 14 DBH produced fruit with higher TSS (11.3 cf. 10.7% for control). Thinning fruit to leave 1 fruit per plant 1 week before harvest increased the proportion of fruit in a population that exceeded a quality control standard of 10% TSS from 20 to 80%. Variations in plant response with timing of treatment application are interpreted in terms of fruit development (cell division, cell expansion, and sugar accumulation phases). Although a detriment to yield (15 cf. 31 t/ha for control), the fruit thinning treatment was recommended for commercial use and a simple model was developed to calculate the required farm-gate price of fruit to make thinning economically viable.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document