Kwestia migracji w polityce współczesnej Austrii

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (15) ◽  
pp. 347-361
Author(s):  
Adam Romejko
Keyword(s):  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Guest Workers ◽  
Main Determinant ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Sixties ◽  
The One ◽  
Country People

Austria is a country that in politics is guided by pragmatism. The main determinant of what is politically correct or not, it is the national interest. This approach is revealed in the past and present, including the question of the migrant community. It does not matter whether we are dealing with economic or political migrants or refugees. Since the sixties Austria is becoming a popular country where newcomers sought a better life. Many guest workers came then from Turkey and Yugoslavia. On the one hand, the Austrian authorities legally regulated migration and offered access to employment, on the other hand they tried to avoid restrictions. This pragmatic approach was due to favourable economic conditions prevailing in Austria. A similar situation we face today. The authorities want to control the influx of foreigners into Austria and at the same time without any restrictions they let in to the country people describing themselves as refugees. The presence of foreigners is an important part of the political game. Left-wing parties recognize that immigrants are important voters. Their representatives want in this way to gain popularity among Austrians who fear the negative impact of the influx of foreigners and promoted multiculturalism policy. A negative consequence of the Austrian pragmatism is highly critical assessment of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, which do not support naive Germany’s policy in relation to the latest wave of newcomers. Austria, which in the past was seen as a bridge between the West and the East, has lost the support of the criticized countries, including Poland.

Pandemic year in Spain. Political outcome

2021 ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Alexandra Kurakina-Damir
Keyword(s):  
Political Communication ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Image Point ◽  
Legislative Process ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Parliamentary Elections ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
The One ◽  
Regional Elections

Despite well-founded doubts about the viability of the coalition (which had insufficient support of the deputies for the adoption of important laws), a well-built strategy of political communication during the pandemic allowed the cabinet of ministers not only to withstand, but also to strengthen its positions. Over the past year, a number of strategically important decisions, both from a political and image point of view, have been adopted. The coronavirus pandemic has had a significant impact on the legislative process. The solution to the Catalan problem faded into the background. In part, this was due to the need for early parliamentary elections in the region and the alleged regrouping of political forces. The revealed facts of possible financial abuse of the honorary king hurt the image of the Crown, but the measures taken today to restore prestige are bearing fruit. Among the electoral trends noted, it is worth highlighting the strengthening of positions of socialists and rightwing populists (especially following the results of early regional elections in Catalonia), as well as a decline in support for left-wing populism. Ciudadanos' position remains unstable: on the one hand, it managed to slightly regain its position in early 2020, but further growth in support stalled, and poor results in the Catalan elections once again raised the question of whether the party has a future. Conservatives, by contrast, have established themselves as the leader of the bloc. Having lost a share of supporters at the beginning of the study period, they tried with all their might to restore the balance, periodically changing the strategy of actions.

scholarly journals What’s Left? Political orientation, economic conditions and incarceration in Greece under Syriza-led government

2020 ◽  
pp. 147737082096656
Author(s):  
Leonidas K. Cheliotis ◽  
Sappho Xenakis
Keyword(s):  
Political Orientation ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Downturn ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
State Punishment ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Political Spectrum ◽  
The One ◽  
Fiscal Implications

An important body of scholarly work has been produced over recent decades to explain variation in levels and patterns of state punishment across and within different countries around the world. Two variables that have curiously evaded systematic attention in this regard are, first, the orientation of incumbent governments along the political spectrum, and second, the experience and fiscal implications of national economic downturn. Although recent years have seen both variables receive somewhat greater consideration, there is still precious little research into the effects on state punishment that they have in interaction with one another. With a view to helping fill this gap in the literature, this article identifies the direction and assesses the extent of influence exerted by government political orientation, on the one hand, and by economic downturn alongside its fiscal repercussions, on the other hand, upon the evolution of incarceration in the context of contemporary Greece. In so doing, we offer a uniquely detailed account of carceral trends before and during the period that a coalition government led by the left-wing Syriza party was in power. With regard to carceral trends as such, the scope of our analysis extends beyond conventional imprisonment also to include immigration detention. As well as arguing that economic downturn can place crucial limits on a government’s ability to execute progressive plans in carceral matters, we additionally conclude that a government’s scope of action in this vein may be further restricted depending on the autonomy it can wield in defiance of foreign forces intervening in both economic and political realms.

scholarly journals Le système monétaire européen à la lumière de l’expérience et de la théorie monétaires

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Dehem
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
International Monetary System ◽  
Macroeconomic Policies ◽  
Monetary Policies ◽  
Bretton Woods ◽  
The Past ◽  
Monetary System ◽  
The Sixties ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One

In the light of monetary experience and theory, the EMS appears to be unsustainable. Monetary history of the past sixty years shows that every attempt to stabilise the international monetary System has been frustrated as a consequence of divergent egocentric monetary policies. The breakdown of the rules of the gold standard game in the twenties, as well as the use of money as an instrument in national macroeconomic policies under the Bretton Woods regime have ultimately led to the demise of the fixed exchange rates System. In the sixties, European views on monetary policies were quite divergent, but in the seventies institutional attempts were made to bring them apparently into line. The "snake" arrangements, initiated in 1972, soon degenerated. The more ambitious attempt of 1979, the institutionally more elaborate EMS, suffers from the same basic weakness as all the previous ones. It lacks a common monetary standard, such as the one proposed in the 1975 Ail-Saints Manifesto. Such a standard is a necessary and a sufficient condition for a sustainable common monetary System.

scholarly journals The Negative Effects of the Separation Wall on the Architectural and Urban Heritage of Al-Quds

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Amira Mersal Mahmoud
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Study ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Cultural Importance ◽  
The Past ◽  
Urban Heritage ◽  
The Future ◽  
The One

<p>The destruction of archaeological sites leads to big loss at the local and regional levels and any interruption to the past will have a negative impact on the present and the future. The preservation and protection of archaeological sites consists an economic, cultural and heritage impact for the nations. This study aims mainly to review the factors threating the destruction of archeological sites with an attempt to find the methods that reduce the threat and preserve what is left of the Palestinian remains. In additions, it includes an analytical study of the direct and indirect of the separation wall on the archeological sites in Al-Quds (Al-Quds 2020). The most important of these threats to the architectural heritage is the danger of the separation wall (The Al-Quds envelope). The study recommended the need for intensified efforts by concerned Palestinian authorities and institutions, especially the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities to face the wall and its negative effects on archaeological sites on one hand and to put the protection and preservation of archaeological sites within their priorities on the one hand. Others, because of the economic and cultural importance of these sites, which affect the identity of the architecture.  </p>

Bagpipe Players and Painted Birds: Some Reflections on Writing the History of the People in the Marshes from a German Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-43
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Bohn
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Transitional Region ◽  
World War ◽  
Soviet History ◽  
Jerzy Kosinski ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One

Abstract The article adopts an approach to the history of Belarus’, which plays with imaginations. It opens up two vistas concerning the past that are marked by fictional texts. The former belongs to developments before World War I and is connected with a short story by Jakub Kolas, whereas the latter attends to events of World War II and is related to a novel by Jerzy Kosiński. In both cases supplements to the main texts offer insights into Soviet history, on the one hand into the era of revolutionary culture of the 1920s, and on the other hand into the political thaw of the 1950s. The result is an illustration of the metamorphoses that took place in the transitional region of Central and Eastern Europe in the process of Soviet modernization.

“Everybody Loved Each Other There”: Roma Memories of the One-Time Cinka Panna Colony in Oradea and Its Liquidation during the Communist Times

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 964-987
Author(s):  
Zsuzsa Plainer
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Racial Group ◽  
State Socialism ◽  
The Past ◽  
Group A ◽  
Communist Past ◽  
The One

This article is part of the special cluster titled Social practices of remembering and forgetting of the communist past in Central and Eastern Europe, guest edited by Malgorzata Glowacka-Grajper This study deals with the liquidation of a Roma colony from the Romanian town of Oradea during the 1970s. Colony life, as well as the process of removal, demolition of the houses, and relocation of the inhabitants into blocks of flats, is mainly grasped through Roma narratives collected from 2011 onwards. But here we do not narrow down remembering communism to a mere collection of untold stories from the past. Based on the framework developed by Maria Todorova for the study of remembering communism, the following questions are addressed: How is the pre-1989 condition of the Roma revealed through their narratives? What do these say about the condition of the Roma during state socialism? How do past events influence the present-day marginalization of the group? A comparison of the socialist and post-socialist conditions of the Roma could be considered an important issue in forming an account of this ethno-racial group in Eastern Europe. It is so, as—despite the current research, which is small in number, various interpretations exist, raising the demand for scholars to address this issue.

scholarly journals Cinema documentário, memória, política e exílio. Vivências no feminino.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Francisco Serafim ◽  
Natália Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Documentary Films ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Santa Fe ◽  
Political Movement ◽  
Military Operation ◽  
The Past ◽  
The One ◽  
Beatriz Sarlo ◽  
Left Movement ◽  
The Military

This communication seeks to address the issue of political movement, migration and exile through the documentary work of Chilean director Carmen Castillo, who in 1974 was forced to leave her country and to exile in France. Castillo was a militant of the MIR (Revolutionary Left Movement) along with his companion Miguel Enríquez. In 1974, after being betrayed by a leader of the left-wing movement, Castillo, pregnant and already the mother of two children, is confronted with a military operation in the house where they lived, in Santa Fe Street. She is arrested and her companion executed during the military operation. In order to understand this dramatic moment and which had serious repercussions throughout her life, Castillo makes two documentary films that relate to each other. The first La Flaca Alejandra; Lives and deaths of a Chilean woman (1994, 60 min.), presents the director’s meeting with the one that betrayed her to the military police in 1974. The second Calle Santa Fe (2007, 182 min.) is of another scope for the duration of almost three hours, during which we observe in a tone much more autobiographical and subjective than the previous film the questions of this woman who returns to the place where her personal tragedy began, that is, Santa Fe Street. Both films intriguingly address the past of a nation through, especially memory, whether personal or collective. These issues will be analyzed through authors like Beatriz Sarlo, Maurice Halbwachs and Laura Rascaroli.

Migration and US agricultural competitiveness

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip L. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Farm Workers ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Guest Workers ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Lower Wage ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One

Agriculture has one of the highest shares of foreign-born and unauthorized workers among US industries; over three-fourths of hired farm workers were born abroad, usually in Mexico, and over half of all farm workers are unauthorized. Farm employers are among the few to openly acknowledge their dependence on migrant and unauthorized workers, and they oppose efforts to reduce unauthorized migration unless the government legalizes currently illegal farm workers or provides easy access to legal guest workers. The effects of migrants on agricultural competitiveness are mixed. On the one hand, wages held down by migrants keep labour-intensive commodities competitive in the short run, but the fact that most labour-intensive commodities are shipped long distances means that long-run US competitiveness may be eroded as US farmers have fewer incentives to develop labour-saving and productivity-improving methods of farming and production in lower-wage countries expands.

Al-Rasm al-ʿUthmānī: Towards Correct Pronunciation and the Preclusion of Ambiguity

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-171
Author(s):  
Nāṣir Al-Dīn Abū Khaḍīr
Keyword(s):  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Writing Style ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Correct Pronunciation ◽  
The One ◽  
The Mind

The ʿUthmānic way of writing (al-rasm al-ʿUthmānī) is a science that specialises in the writing of Qur'anic words in accordance with a specific ‘pattern’. It follows the writing style of the Companions at the time of the third caliph, ʿUthmān b. ʿAffān, and was attributed to ʿUthmān on the basis that he was the one who ordered the collection and copying of the Qur'an into the actual muṣḥaf. This article aims to expound on the two fundamental functions of al-rasm al-ʿUthmānī: that of paying regard to the ‘correct’ pronunciation of the words in the muṣḥaf, and the pursuit of the preclusion of ambiguity which may arise in the mind of the reader and his auditor. There is a further practical aim for this study: to show the connection between modern orthography and the ʿUthmānic rasm in order that we, nowadays, are thereby able to overcome the problems faced by calligraphers and writers of the past in their different ages and cultures.

Pengaruh Kepercayaan Terhadap Loyalitas Konsumen Yang Memunculkan Distrust

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-112
Author(s):  
Septian Wahyudi
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Consumer Confidence ◽  
Consumer Loyalty ◽  
The One ◽  
Loyal Customers

The company certainly wants to increase its sales and increase the number of its customers so that all efforts and methods are carried out, including in building consumer confidence, thus making these consumers become loyal customers or commonly referred to as customers. But on the one hand the trust built by the company actually has a negative impact, namely the emergence of distrust because the frequency of the company offers a variety of products that are sometimes not needed by consumers, this paper is made to answer these phenomena and problems in a concise manner.This research method is by analyzing criticism of several studies about trust that affect consumer loyalty which results in the absence of influence between trust in consumer loyalty.

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