scholarly journals Impulsiveness and venturesomeness among juvenile offenders

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-56
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Kudlak
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Delinquency ◽  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Criminal Record ◽  
Personality Dimension ◽  
Social Rehabilitation

The aim of this study was to determine possible relationships between delinquency and the personality traits of the juvenile offenders. The research covered a level of impulsiveness, venturesomeness and empathy among offenders placed in a juvenile shelter in comparison to a control group with a clean criminal record. Results analysis show that personality of juvenile offenders in surveyed dimensions was substantially different from the personality of adolescents in the control group. In particular, the impulsiveness level of juvenile offenders was significantly higher, and the empathy level was significantly lower than of control group. There was no significant differences found in a venturesomeness level in this comparison. The presented research problem certainly requires further studies, particularly focusing on the significance of impulsiveness and empathy as a personality dimension in the genesis of juvenile delinquency, but also in the context of social rehabilitation.

scholarly journals Predicting the deviant behavior of juvenile offenders

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-229
Author(s):  
Elena Kirillova ◽  
Evgeniya Zueva
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Deviant Behavior ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Prognostic Criteria ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Personal Questionnaire

Introduction. The relevance of the research problem is confirmed by statistics on juvenile delinquency, as well as by legal acts. The problem of predicting the deviant behavior of juvenile offenders is reviewed through description of static and dynamic risk factors for repeated offenses. One of the findings of the study is that it is the personal features that determine deviant behavior, whereas the situational factors play the role of modulators. A review of the literature sources allows us to conclude that personality traits are related to criminal behavior, which makes it possible to predict the deviant behavior of juvenile offenders. Aim of the study is to identify the personal characteristics that determine the deviant behavior of juvenile offenders. Methodology, methods and techniques. The methodological basis of the research is a dispositional approach to the study of personality, which assumes their readiness for a certain behavior, repeated in various situations, formed as a result of the interaction of objective and subjective factors. Research methods: The following methods were used to conduct the study: the personal questionnaire of G. Eysenck EPQ; the questionnaire of the level of aggressiveness of A. Bass and A. Darkee; the individual typological questionnaire of L. N. Sobchik (ITQ); the personal questionnaire «Mini-cartoon» (abbreviated version of MMPI) in the adaptation of F. B. Berezin and M. P. Miroshnikov; the Freiburg multifactorial personality questionnaire FPI (form B). Findings of the study: A comparative analysis of the individual psychological characteristics of juvenile offenders and participants of the control group with normative behavior showed multiple statistically significant differences in assessments for 36 variables out of 55 (65.5 %). Discriminant analysis allowed us to determine 8 common features of “deviance-law-abidance”: aggression, hostility, irritability, guilt, psychopathy, neuroticism, introversion, open attitude. They act as prognostic criteria for deviant behavior of adolescents and discriminate against subjects with a prediction accuracy of 97%. Scientific novelty of the research consists in enhancing and clarifying awareness of personality traits of deviant adolescents who have committed crimes, as well as predicting deviant behavior. Practical significance: The patterns and recommendations obtained can be useful in preventive, educational, correctional work, and family counseling. The identified personality traits of deviant behavior can be used as prognostic criteria for identifying deviations at the early stages of socialization of children and adolescents.

scholarly journals Juveniles Justice

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip D. Clingan
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Delinquency ◽  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Crime Theory ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Writing Assignment ◽  
The Relationship

The research paper addresses the problem of mastering the literature to analyze theories, interventions, strategies, and treatment programs for juvenile delinquency. The solution to this problem will help juveniles, families, and the community works together to prevent juvenile offending and make amends to the community and victims. This researcher identifies evidence-based intervention programs, theoretical causes, and multisystem therapies through secondary resources to solve this problem. These resources examine the use of evidence-based intervention and early education programs to reduce the risk of juvenile delinquency. Combined, the resources determine that an evidence-based intervention is designed specifically for juvenile offenders. The juveniles range from committing part-one index crimes to falling in and out of home services. The writing assignment describes and justifies the research problem. The literature approach compares and summarizes sources used to address theories that explain the causes of delinquency and intervention designed to stop misconduct. The research paper identifies the relationship between age and crime theory, non-parent-child attachment, and objects that lead to juvenile delinquency. The research findings illustrate how this researcher presented criminology literature to support the research problem.

scholarly journals Psychological Traits and Behavioural Influences in Patients with Dystonia—An Observational Cohort Study in a Romanian Neurology Department

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 612
Author(s):  
Eugenia Irene Davidescu ◽  
Irina Odajiu ◽  
Delia Tulbă ◽  
Iulia Mitrea ◽  
Camelia Cucu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Informed Consent ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Patient Group ◽  
Observational Cohort Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Observational Cohort ◽  
Idiopathic Dystonia

(1) Background: Emerging evidence indicates that non-motor symptoms significantly influence the quality of life in dystonic patients. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate their psychological characteristics and personality traits. (2) Methods: Subjects with idiopathic dystonia and a matched control group were enrolled in this prospective observational cohort study. Inclusion criteria for patient group included idiopathic dystonia diagnosis, evolution exceeding 1 year, and signed informed consent. Inclusion criteria for the control group included lack of neurological comorbidities and signed informed consent. All subjects completed the DECAS Personality Inventory along with an additional form of demographic factors. Data (including descriptive statistics and univariate and multivariate analysis) were analyzed with SPSS. (3) Results: In total, 95 participants were included, of which 57 were in the patient group. Females prevailed (80%), and the mean age was 54.64 ± 12.8 years. The most frequent clinical features of dystonia were focal distribution (71.9%) and progressive disease course (94.73%). The patients underwent regular treatment with botulinum toxin (85.95%). In addition, patients with dystonia obtained significantly higher openness scores than controls, even after adjusting for possible confounders (p = 0.006). Personality traits were also different between the two groups, with patients more often being fantasists (p = 0.007), experimenters (p = 0.022), sophists (p = 0.040), seldom acceptors (p = 0.022), and pragmatics (p = 0.022) than control subjects. (4) Conclusion: Dystonic patients tend to have different personality profiles compared to control subjects, which should be taken into consideration by the treating neurologist.

scholarly journals Rasgos de personalidad y recursos psicológicos como predictores del bienestar emocional en adolescentes con y sin formación en escuelas de tauromaquia

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Pilar Sanjuan ◽  
David Guillen ◽  
Ana María Pérez-García
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Psychological Resources ◽  
Avoidance Coping ◽  
School Group

 Abstract: Personality traits and psychological resources as predictors of emotional well-being in adolescents with and without training in bullfighting schools. The main objective of this study was to analyse how being in training in bullfighting schools can affect the emotional well-being (EW), the personality and the psychological resources of adolescents. The sample consisted of 196 boys, 95 from bullfighting school group (BSG) and 101 from a control group (CG). The BSG, in relation to CG, scored significantly more on conscientiousness, agreeableness and openness to experience, as well as on self-efficacy, problem-solving (PSC) and social support coping (SSC), and EW. The EW was predicted by feeling self-efficacy and not using avoidance coping, and in the CG by being extraverted, showing conscientiousness, being low in neuroticism, feeling self-efficacy and using PSC and SSC. It discusses the psychological adaptive profile of adolescents in the BSG and the need to promote well-being in adolescence through the promotion of self-efficacy and active coping.Resumen: El objetivo principal de este estudio fue analizar cómo la formación en escuelas de tauromaquia puede afectar al bienestar emocional (BE), la personalidad y los recursos psicológicos de los adolescentes. Participaron 196 chicos, 95 del grupo de escuelas taurinas (GET) y 101 del grupo control (GC). El GET, en relación con el GC, puntuaba significativamente más en tesón, afabilidad y apertura, así como en autoeficacia, afrontamiento de solución de problemas (ASP) y basado en los demás (AD), y BE. El BE se predecía en el GET por sentirse eficaz y no usar el afrontamiento de evitación, y en el GC por ser extravertido, mostrar tesón, ser bajo en neuroticismo, sentirse eficaz y emplear el ASP y AD. Se discute sobre el perfil psicológico adaptativo que presentan los adolescentes del GET y la necesidad de promover el bienestar en la adolescencia mediante el fomento de la autoeficacia y el afrontamiento activo.

scholarly journals The Effect of Talking Chips Model Containing Science Literacy on Students’ Learning Competencies In the Material of Climate Change and Its Impact on Ecosystems at Junior High School 20 Padang

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Wa Ode Nurhawa ◽  
Relsas Yogica ◽  
Indra Hartanto ◽  
Syamsurizal Syamsurizal
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
High School ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Science Literacy ◽  
Junior High ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Learning Competencies

The research problem at Junior High School 20 Padang  is that the learning model used has not varied, the low competency of students from the aspects of knowledge, attitudes, and skills as well as the implementation of learning models with science literacy. The efforts that can be done are applying the talking chips model with science literacy to the students at Junior High School 20 Padang on the material of climate change and its impact for the ecosystem. The purpose of this research is to find out The Effect of Talking Chips model containing science literacy on students’ learning competencies in the material of climate change and its impact on ecosystems at Junior High School 20 Padang. This research is quasi-experimental research with design randomized control-group posttest only design. The population used was all class VII students’ of Junior High School 20  Padang 2018/2019. Sampling was done using the cluster sampling technique, we selected VII.2 as experimental class and class VII.7 as control class. Based on the results of the students' competency knowledge research  tcount 2.85 > ttable 1.67, the competency attitudes tcount 1.78 > ttable 1.67, and the skills competency tcount 1.78 > ttable 1.67. It showed the hypothesis is accepted. Application of the talking chips model containing science literacy can improve the competencies of class VII students of Junior High School 20 Padang.

Psychological and legal aspects of probation control in relation to minors

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-119
Author(s):  
S. Imanbayev ◽  
◽  
D. Tel’zhanova ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Delinquency ◽  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Probation Service ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Psychological Assistance ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Goals And Objectives

The article examines the origins of the creation of the probation service in Kazakhstan, its introduction into the sphere of criminal executive law, goals and objectives. The measures for the implementation of probation control, its role in the provision of qualified psychological assistance to juvenile offenders are considered. The ways of implementing probation control at the present stage are also indicated, the main tasks of the state are presented, program documents aimed at further development and improvement of the probation service are studied. Studied and presented statistical data on the dynamics of juvenile delinquency in the republic. The psychological characteristics of minors are analyzed, in respect of whom it is necessary to carry out a comprehensive and regular analysis of their specific needs. The creation of a specialized staff of trained employees to provide social and legal assistance to minors is emphasized and argued. This paper also raises the question of the need to introduce specialization of the penitentiary psychologist in the universities of the Republic of Kazakhstan in order to achieve high results in the prevention of juvenile delinquency. To comply with international standards in the field of protecting the rights and freedoms of minors, crime prevention, attention is focused on complementing national legislation with the norms of UN international documents.

The Roles of Time Orientation and Innate Innovativeness on Intentioned Adoption of an AI Innovation

2020 ◽  
pp. 359-381
Author(s):  
Giorgi Antadze
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Innovation Adoption ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Time Orientation ◽  
Innovative Behavior ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The Third ◽  
Research Hypothesis ◽  
Nurse Assistant

Innovation adoption is a widely understudied area. However, there has been a substantial amount of arguments concerned with the extent to which personality traits affect innovative behavior. Thus, the purpose of this study is to examine the extent to which personality traits, namely time orientation and innate innovativeness, influence intentioned adoption of the specific innovation – the virtual nurse assistant. The organisation of the chapter is as follows: The first part of the chapter introduces the study to the reader and starts with the research background, followed by the research problem, rationale of the study, and research objectives. The second part consists of literature review, critically evaluating the relevant secondary sources to derive the research hypothesis. The third part represents the results and findings of the study, followed by the conclusion and recommendations as the closing part of this chapter.

The Personality of Female Prisoners

1973 ◽  
Vol 123 (577) ◽  
pp. 693-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sybil B. G. Eysenck ◽  
Hans J. Eysenck
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Female Prisoners ◽  
Third Dimension ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Male Prisoners

The theory has been put forward inCrime and Personality(Eysenck, 1964) that criminals are characterized by a combination of extraverted and neurotic personality traits; put in operational terms, it was suggested that compared with a control group of normal (non-criminal) subjects they would have higher scores on the N and E scales of the MPI or the EPI (Eysenck, 1959; Eysenck and Eysenck, 1964). In the second edition of the book the further hypothesis was added that prisoners would also be characterized by high P scores; the letter P refers to a third dimension of personality provisionally entitled ‘psychoticism’. Earlier investigations of the N x E hypothesis have been reviewed in the second edition ofCrime and Personality(Eysenck, 1970) and by Passingham (1972); the most recent study of both hypotheses is contained in two papers dealing with the personality makeup of male prisoners (Eysenck and Eysenck, 1970, 1971). The conclusions to be drawn from an examination of the literature are as follows: (1) As far as P is concerned, prisoners undoubtedly have much higher scores than do various types of control groups. (2) As far as N is concerned, most studies show prisoners to have significantly higher scores than controls. (3) As far as E is concerned, it appears that scores sometimes do and sometimes do not separate prisoners and controls in the predicted direction; it seems that we must distinguish between the two main components of E, i.e. sociability and impulsivity (Eysenck and Eysenck, 1969). Prisoners are significantly more impulsive, but less sociable, than controls.

Psychopathology and personality traits in psychotic patients and their first-degree relatives

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 476-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Cortés ◽  
J. Valero ◽  
J.A. Gutiérrez-Zotes ◽  
A. Hernández ◽  
L. Moreno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Personality Dimensions ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Self Transcendence

AbstractPersonality dimensions have been associated with symptoms dimensions in schizophrenic patients (SP). In this paper we study the relationships between symptoms of functional psychoses and personality dimensions in SP and their first-degree relatives (SR), in other psychotic patients (PP) and their first-degree relatives (PR), and in healthy controls in order to evaluate the possible clinical dimensionality of these disorders. Twenty-nine SP, 29 SR, 18 PP, 18 PR and 188 controls were assessed using the temperament and character inventory (TCI-R). Current symptoms were evaluated with positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) using the five-factor model described previously (positive [PF], negative [NF], disorganized [DF], excitement [EF] and anxiety/depression [ADF]). Our TCI-R results showed that patients had different personality dimensions from the control group, but in relatives, these scores were not different from controls. With regard to symptomatology, we highlight the relations observed between harm avoidance (HA) and PANSS NF, and between self-transcendence (ST) and PANSS PF. From a personality traits-genetic factors point of view, schizophrenia and other psychosis may be initially differentiated by temperamental traits such as HA. The so-called characterial traits like ST would be associated with the appearance of psychotic symptoms.

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