Europejska agenda czwartego rządu Angeli Merkel

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 173-192
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Stempin
Keyword(s):  
Security Policy ◽  
African Countries ◽  
German Government ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Angela Merkel ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Eu

The article analyses the Angela Merkel government’s attitude towards far-reaching plans to rebuild the EU of the French president in three key areas: EU architecture, refugee issue and security policy and towards two non-EU players on the continent: Russia and Turkey. The article is trying to prove that the head of the German government, preferring the unity of the EU rather than integration, will looking for compromise with Macron, taking into account different from the French one positions of other EU countries, and will try to stop the wave of the refugees from Africa through agreements with African countries. Regarding the Turkish autocrat, to avoid provocation, A.Merkel will attempt pragmatic relations. Also regarding Russia, even though it poses a threat to the security of the EU, she will consider (as the requirement of the moment) to establish a network of lively relations with the Putin state.

Nordic Cooperation at a Crossroads

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-131
Author(s):  
Matti Niemivuo ◽  
Lotta Viikari
Keyword(s):  
Security Policy ◽  
Nordic Countries ◽  
European Area ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Nordic Cooperation ◽  
Second World ◽  
Law Making ◽  
The Eu

Cooperation among the Nordic countries has been a modest affair since Finland and Sweden joined the EU in 1995. In particular, one can cite the decline in what previously was robust collaboration in law-making. Moreover, no new important conventions have been concluded among the countries in the 2000s.The article argues that Nordic cooperation is at a crossroads. Many external and internal threats urge increased cooperation, such as the crisis in the EU following Brexit, the influx of asylum seekers, increased tension in the Baltic Sea, and the erosion of the Nordic welfare state. The particular threats and opportunities in the Nordic countries’ Arctic regions also signal a need for more intense cooperation. This is easier said than done, however, because the western Nordic states (Denmark, Iceland and Norway) differ in terms of legal system and security policy from the eastern ones (Finland and Sweden). An additional consideration is that Iceland and Norway do not belong to the EU; instead of membership they take part in economic integration as members of the Economic European Area.After an introduction, the article provides a succinct account of the development of Nordic cooperation from before the Second World War to the present day. The third section then goes on to discuss Nordic cooperation in different areas of law and government. This is followed by an analysis of the conventions concluded among the Nordic countries and how well they have functioned. Continuing with a salient and illustrative example, the article goes on to examine and assess the attempts to draft a Nordic Saami Convention, an instrument that would apply to Saami living in Finland, Norway and Sweden.In closing, the article evaluates the future prospects for Nordic cooperation in the form of collaborative law-making and conventions. Both seem to be rather difficult ways forward at the moment. One means for enhancing cooperation would be to improve the exchange of information. Encouraging examples in this regard are the Nordic Lawyers’ Conference, held in August 2017 in Helsinki, and the centenary meeting of the Nordic Federation of Public Administration, organised in 2018 in Iceland. An additional area that may have some potential for furthering cooperation is soft law.

scholarly journals Energy-Efficient Innovations: Marketing, Management and Law Supporting

2020 ◽  
pp. 256-264
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Panchenko ◽  
Yurii Harust ◽  
Yana Us ◽  
Olena Korobets ◽  
Vladyslav Pavlyk
Keyword(s):  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Marketing Management ◽  
Publication Activity ◽  
Environmental Legislation ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Essential Condition ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
The Eu

This paper summarises the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on the issue of promotion energy-efficient innovations by marketing, management and law supporting. The innovative development is considered to be an essential condition to provide a high level of social and economic development. Thus, energy-efficient innovations are considered to be among the most critical drivers of qualitative economic growth and increasing the country’s competitiveness in the world market. Systematisation literary sources and approaches for solving the problem of promoting energy-efficient innovations indicated that government and scientists give the powerful punch in energy-efficient development. In view of this, it is appropriate to do the bibliometric research on publication activity on energy-efficient innovation from law aspect. The primary purpose of the study is to analyse the structure and dynamic of scientific publications in the field of energy-efficient legislation in the economic subject areas. The object of study is the chosen publications indexed in the Scopus database by keywords such as: «energy-efficient innovations», «energy law», «environmental legislation», «energy-efficient policy» in the category «title, abstract, keywords». The current study involved data from 1913 papers published on 13 languages in the subject area «Business. Management and Accounting» and «Economics, Econometrics, and Finance» from 2000 to 2019. Using VOSviewer, bibliometric analysis of publications on the issue of energy-efficient legislation was conducted from the view of the publication activity dynamic, considering the most impact articles, and countries in the issues of energy-efficient legislation researches. According to the obtained results, the increasing dynamic of publication activity from 2000 to 2019 was detected. Furthermore, it was visualised four clusters of countries’ collaborations by co-authorship as follows: 1) between the USA, the EU countries (including the United Kingdom) and China; 2) the EU countries, as well as South American such as Brazil and Chile; 3) African countries and the EU countries; 4) between Asian and African countries. Furthermore, the authors highlighted the most influencing articles in the field of energy-efficient innovations that could be the basis for future investigations promoting innovative activity in the field of energy-efficient development. Keywords bibliometric analysis, energy-efficient innovations, environmental legislation, energy policy, Scopus, VOSviewer.

scholarly journals «Ghent Initiative» and Its Influence on Defense and Security Policy of the EU Countries

2017 ◽  
pp. 28-36
Author(s):  
K. E. Petrov
Keyword(s):  
Security Policy ◽  
General Outline ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Eu Policy ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
The Eu

The article considers the appearance and implementation of the concept of pooling and sharing of military resources of the EU countries, also known as “Ghent Initiative”. The conditions are analyzed under which it was suggested as a means of the reduction of military budgets. Individual programs that form parts of it, as well as their impact on the EU policy in the fields of security and defense are reviewed. The prospects of the initiative are also discussed, including the emergence of brand-new spheres within the general outline of defense and security policy, such as, for instance, the issues if cybersecurity. Nowadays due to lasting tensions between national interests and supranational institutional build-up the full-fledged implementation of “Ghent Initiative” in common European version is complicated. However, the search for non-NATO alternative military structures within the EU will be continued.

Germany's Strategic Narrative of the Eurozone Crisis

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Hertner ◽  
Alister Miskimmon
Keyword(s):  
Historical Memory ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Eurozone Crisis ◽  
German Government ◽  
The Public ◽  
Angela Merkel ◽  
The Common ◽  
Domestic Support ◽  
Policy Solutions ◽  
The Eu

This article outlines how Germany has sought to project a strategic narrative of the Eurozone crisis. Germany has been placed center stage in the Eurozone crisis, and as a consequence, the German government's crisis narrative matters for the future of the common currency. We highlight how the German government has sought to narrate a story of the cause of the Eurozone crisis and present policy solutions to influence policy decisions within the EU and maintain domestic political support. This focus on the public communication of the crisis is central to understanding the development of Germany's policy as it was negotiated with EU partners, the U.S. and international financial institutions. We draw on speeches and interviews by Chancellor Angela Merkel and two of her senior cabinet ministers delivered at key moments of the Eurozone crisis between May 2010 and June 2012. The article argues that while Merkel and her governments have been able to shore up domestic support for her Eurozone policies, she has struggled to find a coherent strategic narrative that is both consistent with German domestic preferences and historical memory, and with those of other Eurozone members.

scholarly journals Economic Activities of African Migrants in Major EU Countries: New Approaches

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-27
Author(s):  
A. V. Kuznetsov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activities ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
African Migrants ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Eu

The growing interest in migration issues in the EU has not affected the analysis of African migrants. The focus is on social and political issues, while the economic issues studied are primarily related to the assessment of the reasons for the arrival of Africans in the EU, the trajectory of their movement, as well as the scale of remittances to their homeland and the conditions for their return back to Africa. The article focuses on the main features of African migrants’ economic activity in the EU. Instead of the traditional consideration of only one or several diasporas in a single country or a generalized analysis of the entire EU, we compare the specifics of immigrants from different African countries in the 4 largest EU member states (including the UK, which left the integration project in 2020). Our article begins with a review of studies that contain information on the economic activities of migrants from African countries. Then, based on data from Eurostat and national statistics from Germany, France, Italy and the UK, the role of people from Africa in these countries population is shown. The reasons for the differences between these four countries in the dynamics and structure of immigration from Africa are explained. Statistics of refugees, naturalized persons over the past 10 years, foreign citizens and residents with migration past are considered. France is the leader in the number of migrants, mainly due to people from French-speaking countries of North and West Africa. Italy stands out because it is targeted by many illegal migrant routes due to its geographical proximity to this region. The UK has become a target mainly for residents of former British colonies who are quite successful in naturalization in the United Kingdom (therefore, there are as many Africans without local passports in the UK as in Germany – 0.6 million). Further, it is shown that the key factor for taking a particular economic position in society is the status of migrants, their education also plays an important role (although Africans often work in places where a lower level of qualification is required than they have), as well as language barriers. There are big gender differences. At the end of the article we make conclusions about the problems of African migrants’ adaptation, although the EU countries cannot refuse to employ migrants in unattractive jobs in any case.

scholarly journals Integration of the Financial Market EU after the Financial Crisis

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 67-78
Author(s):  
Anna Krawczyk-Sawicka
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Financial Markets ◽  
Financial Market ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Eu Integration ◽  
The World ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Eu

The EU integration and the creation of the so-called European single financial market requires creation of institutional solutions corresponding to the integrated structure. At the moment, we are dealing with globalisation of financial markets, and thus with a growth in their integration. However, full integration of the financial system, or the lack thereof, will be only achieved when European states overcome the still lasting financial crisis and its effects in the form of recession in most EU countries. The purpose of this article is to present the situation concerning the integration of financial markets, as illustrated with the example of countries belonging to the EU, with emphasis on the situation on the Polish financial market after the deepest and the most severe financial crisis for the world economies, namely after 2008–2009 as compared with the period preceding the financial crisis.

Formation and Usage Trends of Grain Resources: Experience of Foreign Countries and Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
N. Yakovenko ◽  
I. Ivanenko
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Domestic Consumption ◽  
Feed Processing ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Eu

The article provides the dynamics and structure comparative analysis of the wheat resources formation and their usage in Russia, USA, EU countries. The study was based on an assessment of the grain resources balance, which reflect the movement of products from the moment of production to the moment of its final use. The main trends in the development of the grain sector in the Russian Federation, the USA and the EU countries are revealed. The change in the structure of the grain resources formation from 2000 to 2020, as well as their use is shown. The EU countries and the USA are characterized by a balanced grain food chain. In the structure of US wheat resources usage, domestic consumption, including consumption for livestock and poultry feed, processing for flour, cereals, compound feed and other purposes, occupies about 40%, in EU countries - up to 80% of resources. In the Russian Federation since 2000, a decrease in domestic consumption of wheat has been revealed for all structural components. During the study period, there has been a significant increase in Russian wheat exports. Its share in the resources of the Russian Federation increased from 1.8% in 2000/01 marketing year to 39.3% in 2020/21 marketing year. As a result of the study, the necessity of forming a balanced grain product chain in Russia, the development of domestic demand and consumption has been substantiated.

Forming an effective financial and investment environment in the eu countries-experience for Ukraine

2019 ◽  
pp. 4-13
Author(s):  
Ryzhyuk Yevgeny
Keyword(s):  
Banking System ◽  
Executive Branch ◽  
Investment Environment ◽  
Financial Investment ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Currency Exchange ◽  
Clearing System ◽  
Financial Infrastructure ◽  
Supranational Level ◽  
The Eu

The subject of the research is a set of institutional institutions and organizational and managerial relations that effectively regulate the financial and investment environment in the EU countries, comparing them with Ukrainian realities.The goal of writing this article is to develop practical and scientific-methodicalrecommendations on how to increase the efficiency of using financial and investment potential based on the experience of EU countries. The methodology of thework-system-structural and comparative studies (to understand the logic of thefunctioning of institutions that form the investment environment and the mechanisms of their interaction); monographic analysis (in studying the problems ofattracting investors); historical and economic analysis (in assessing the state andprospects of the European, as well as the Ukrainian economy). Results of work -it is revealed that modern European regulators are aimed at forming a holisticinvestment and financial infrastructure and investment platform at the supranational level. It was proposed to carry out further liberalization of currency regulation in Ukraine in order to transform it into a convenient and efficient electronicautomated currency exchange system and introduce the integration of the domestic depository system into the international depositary clearing system Clearstream.It was noted that the financial and investment environment in Ukraine is blockedand domestic monopolies are interested in this, thanks to lobbying in the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine and in the executive branch they have distorted financial,investment and currency legislation for their interests and needs. Conclusions-thepresence of a holistic investment and financial infrastructure in the EU countriesis due to the gradual convergence and unification of legislation at the nationallevel to the supranational level. In addition, it is reasonably high investment positions of Ireland in the world and it was proposed to use this experience to createa favorable financial and investment environment in Ukraine. Note that the formation of the financial and investment environment in Ukraine according to European standards is hampered by: oligarchic monopolies, which parasitizes mainly onnatural monopolies; government corruption; confusing and incomprehensible legislation for investors; high tax rates and tax administration system; instability ofthe banking system, the risks of hryvnia devaluation; the insecurity of landagrarian relations; as well as armed conflict in the east of Ukraine.

The Service Sector in the Economy in Poland and European Union Countries

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-207
Author(s):  
Walentyna Kwiatkowska
Keyword(s):  
Service Sector ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Total Employment ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Gross Value Added ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Service Sectors ◽  
Sector Theory ◽  
The Eu

The role of the service sector in the economy is increasing in the process of socio-economic development. This tendency has been confirmed and explained by the three-sector theory formulated by A.G.B. Fisher, C. Clark, and J. Fourastie. The main goal of the paper is to show development tendencies in service sectors in Poland and the EU countries and assess them in view of the three-sector theory. The share of the service sector in the total employment and in the total gross value added in the years 2005-2013/2014 will be analysed together with two sub-sectors including market and non-market services. The research shows that the share of the service sector in total employment and total gross value added has been recently increasing in Poland as well as in other EU countries, but there is a gap in this process between Poland and the most developed EU countries. Moreover, in Poland, the role of market services has been recently increasing much faster than the role of non-market services. 

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