Estimation of the average wage in Polish small companies using the robust approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-213
Author(s):  
Grażyna Dehnel ◽  
Łukasz Wawrowski
Keyword(s):  
Small Firms ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Average Wage ◽  
Small Companies ◽  
Auxiliary Variables ◽  
Robust Approach ◽  
Business Statistics ◽  
Economic Statistics ◽  
Robust Version ◽  
Level Of Aggregation

There is a growing demand for multivariate economic statistics for crossclassified domains. In business statistics, this demand poses a particular challenge given the specific character of the population of enterprises, which necessitates searching for methods of analysis that would represent the robust approach to estimation, where auxiliary variables could be utilised. The adoption of new solutions in this area is expected to increase the scope of statistical output and improve the precision of estimates. The study presented in the paper furthers this goal, as it is focused on testing the application of a robust version of the Fay-Herriot model, which makes it possible to meet the assumption of normality of random effects under the presence of outliers. These alternative models are supplied to estimate the parameters of small firms operating in 2012. Variables from administrative registers were used as auxiliary variables, which made the estimation process more comprehensive. The paper refers to small area estimation methods. The variables of interest are estimated at a low level of aggregation represented by the crosssection province and NACE sections.

scholarly journals The Use of the Robust GREG Estimator to Estimate Small Trade Firms

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (334) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grażyna Dehnel
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Small Area ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Auxiliary Variables ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Area Estimation ◽  
Unique Character ◽  
Economic Statistics ◽  
The Face ◽  
Level Of Aggregation

In the face of dynamic changes in the economy, there is a growing demand for multivariate statistics for cross‑classified domains. In economic statistics, this demand poses a particular challenge owing to the unique character of the population of enterprises, which is what motivates the search for estimation methods that can exploit administrative sources to a greater extent. The adoption of new solutions in this area is expected to increase the scope of statistical outputs and improve the efficiency of estimates. The purpose of the presented study is to test the application of the robust GREG estimator based on the LS method and least median of squares regression to estimate characteristics of small trade firms operating in 2012. The estimation process is supported with delayed variables from administrative registers used as auxiliary variables. The paper refers to small area estimation methods. The variables of interest are estimated at the low level of aggregation represented by cross‑section province and NUTS 2.

Estimation of Income of Companies on the Basis of the Fay-Herriot Model

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-94
Author(s):  
Grażyna Dehnel ◽  
Michał Pietrzak ◽  
Łukasz Wawrowski
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Business Sector ◽  
Important Research ◽  
Auxiliary Variables ◽  
Sample Design ◽  
Business Statistics ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office ◽  
Level Of Aggregation ◽  
Source Of Information

The main source of information about revenues of small business sector is currently provided mainly by sample surveys conducted by the Central Statistical Office. Parameters of interest can only be estimated with acceptable precision at the level of the country and province or by NACE section. It is caused by the sample size, method of estimation and sample design. The motivation for the study was the growing demand for reliable estimates at a low level of aggregation. The aim of this study was application of the Fay-Herriot model, one of the methods, which use auxiliary variables, for estimating revenue of enterprises employing 10 to 49 employees. The study used data from a meld DG 1, the most important research in the field of business statistics, as well as data from administrative registers. The study allowed to observe some regularities and characteristics of the small business sector in Poland.

The Changing Size Distribution of California's North Coast Wineries

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don Cyr ◽  
Joseph Kushner ◽  
Tomson Ogwang
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Small Firms ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Nonparametric Density Estimation ◽  
Wine Industry ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Size Distribution Of Firms ◽  
Goodness Of Fit Tests ◽  
Kernel Density Estimates

AbstractIn this paper, we use three different goodness-of-fit tests for log-normality in conjunction with kernel nonparametric density estimation methods to examine both the size distribution of California North Coast wineries over time and by age. Our kernel density estimates indicate that the size distribution of wineries has changed from positively skewed to bimodal. These results are inconsistent with those in other industries, but are consistent with recent empirical research in the wine industry, which finds that smaller firms are comprising a larger component of market share. In terms of the distribution of firm size by age, our results indicate that as wineries age, the size distribution of firms becomes less skewed and more bimodal, which is also inconsistent with the research on other industries which finds that as firms age, the size distribution becomes more normal. Our results indicate that unlike other industries, where entry is very difficult, small firms can enter the wine industry and survive. (JEL Classifications: L11, L22, L25)

scholarly journals DOES SIZE MATTER?: Technical Efficiency and Industry Size in Indonesia

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 297
Author(s):  
Richard V. Richard V. Llewelyn ◽  
Wang Sutrisno
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Small Firms ◽  
Nonparametric Analysis ◽  
Large Firms ◽  
Small Companies ◽  
Output Data ◽  
Small Business Development ◽  
Manufacturing Sectors ◽  
Programming Techniques ◽  
Size Matter

The debate over which size industry is best suited for Indonesiacontinues with proponents of both large and small sizes pointing out the benefits of each. However, little empirical analysis has been done regarding economic matters such as technical efficiency. Nonparametric analysis of technical efficiency for three sizes of firms in seven manufacturing sectors is estimated using linear programming techniques. Aggregated input and output data from BPS from 1991 to 1997 are used.Household size firms are found to be most efficient relative to the other sizes for five of the seven sectors analyzed. Large firms are relatively more efficient in ‘Food, Beverage, and Tobacco’ sector. Small companies are relatively less efficient than household firms in all but one case, but relatively more efficient than large firms in five of seven sectors. The results validate and perhaps explain the duel economy in Indonesia with both large and small firms existing in the same industry.When each sector is analyzed for each firm size, the ‘Non-MetallicMineral Products Other Than Petroleum and Coal’ sector is most efficient for all sizes of firms. The least efficient sector is the ‘Chemical and Plastics’ industry.The results suggest that government policy should be focused oncreating a stable environment for business, which promotes growth of efficient businesses, either large or small. Specific policies and intervention for small business development are not necessary, given the relative efficiency of small firms in Indonesia.

scholarly journals Technology intelligence practices in SMEs: Evidence from Estonia

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akhatjon Nasullaev ◽  
Raffaella Manzini ◽  
Tarmo Kalvet
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Open Innovation ◽  
Small Firms ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Small Companies ◽  
Cultural Characteristics ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
Technology Intelligence ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
Manufacturing Information

Technology intelligence is regarded as a strategic tool to support open innovation to identify promising niches of technologies, opportunities and threats, potential partners, future customers and markets. However, it has often been neglected by SMEs due to their constraints in money, time, skills and competences. Hitherto, the literature documented very few cases of the operationalization of technology intelligence practices by small firms of catching-up economies. To remedy this gap, this paper investigates the case of three Estonian SMEs in the manufacturing, information technology and life-sciences industries. Our analysis reveals that elements of technology intelligence in large and small companies are similar. The three medium and small sized companies investigated in this study adopted these elements to their specific context orchestrating their organizational and cultural characteristics. This study details these elements and allows us to understand more precisely the process underlying the phenomenon of technology intelligence in small companies. The major finding of this paper is that a unique set of technology intelligence does not exist. It is important to tailor different elements of technology intelligence to determined needs. It is crucial in the case of SMEs in order to address the limitations mentioned above.

A Study of Disability Across Districts of the Province of Wielkopolska Using Small Area Estimation Methods

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-472
Author(s):  
Tomasz Klimanek ◽  
Marcin Szymkowiak ◽  
Marcin Szymkowiak ◽  
Tomasz Józefowski
Keyword(s):  
Small Area ◽  
Small Area Estimation ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Estimation Errors ◽  
Area Estimation ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office ◽  
Level Of Aggregation ◽  
High Level

Surveys and censuses conducted by the Central Statistical Office in Poland are the main sources of information about disability for official statistics. Because sample sizes for relevant cross-classification domains are too small to employ classical estimation methods, results are usually published at a relatively high level of aggregation (at country or province level) or for very broadly defined domains. To meet the growing demand for detailed information about disability, the authors present an attempt of applying the methodology of small area estimation to estimate the percentage of disabled people, in the legal and biological sense, across districts (NUTS 4/LAU 1 units) of the province of Wielkopolska crossclassified by the level of education. This methodological exercise is based on data from the 2011 census and employs selected techniques of indirect estimation. Estimates obtained in the study provide an indication of the spatial variation of disability in the target domains with greater precision. It is worth noting that this level of aggregation has not been considered for purposes of official statistical outputs because of unacceptably high estimation errors of the direct estimator.

Estimation the number of economically inactive people in poviats of the Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodship using methods of small area statistics

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 37-47
Author(s):  
Marek Ręklewski ◽  
Dominik Śliwicki
Keyword(s):  
Small Area ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Small Area Statistics ◽  
Level Of Aggregation

The aim of this paper is to estimate the number of economically inactive people at a level of poviats in Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodship using selected methods of small area statistics and to assess the precision of the estimates obtained. The analysis is an example of the use of selected small area estimators to estimate the number of economically inactive people in poviats of Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodship. The obtained results allow to inference about the size of the economically inactive population at a relatively low level of aggregation. Previously used in public statistics estimation methods did not give the possibility to obtain data at this level due to the large errors of estimates.

scholarly journals Management Control Systems in Small Business Transfers — A Resource-Based View

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (04) ◽  
pp. 449-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aapo Länsiluoto ◽  
Elina Varamäki ◽  
Erkki K. Laitinen ◽  
Anmari Viljamaa ◽  
Juha Tall
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Family Business ◽  
Small Firms ◽  
Management Control ◽  
Small Companies ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Resource Based View ◽  
Transfer Success ◽  
The Relationship

This study investigates whether post-business transfer MCS development (PBTMCSD) is associated with post-business transfer success (PBTS) in small firms. The data for the study was collected in January 2012 as a web-based survey. The target group consisted of acquirers (both external buyers and family business successors) who had implemented a business transfer during 2006–2011 in Finland. A total of 178 questionnaires were sent out, and 67 responses were received. Regression analysis is used to investigate the relationship between PBTMCSD and PBTS. We utilize both resource-based view (RBV) and contingency theory. The results indicate that PBTMCSD has a positive and significant relation with PBTS. Our findings highlight the importance of PBTMCSD even in small companies in the context of business transfer. However, the relationship between PBTMCSD and PBTS performance was stronger for firms with five or more employees as well as firms with previous experience of business transfers.

scholarly journals The Comparison of Innovative and Strategic Priorities of Small and Large Companies in Russian local production systems

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (320) ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Kuznetsova
Keyword(s):  
Business Model ◽  
Manufacturing Systems ◽  
Small Firms ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Small Companies ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Characteristic Type ◽  
Process Innovations ◽  
Product And Process

Industrial companies are the core of the national innovation system. However, large, medium and small enterprises differ significantly in their role in the innovation system, resource potential, strategic priorities and objectives. The paper focuses on a comparative analysis of the strategic priorities of innovative activities of Russian companies of different size. We have identified three types of companies: small innovative companies, large and medium-sized companies with a traditional business model, major innovation-driven companies with an integrated business model. Our analysis of the trajectories of small innovative firms located in Novosibirsk Scientific Center showed that the majority of the companies can be characterized either as spin-off firm or as specialized supplier. Spin-offs are newly established small firms, who have recently separated from the major research labs or parent companies. The typical behavior model for such companies is innovative entrepreneurship. Specialized suppliers are small companies that provide significant contributions to complex manufacturing systems in the form of equipment, parts, tools and software. Innovative objectives of such small companies deal with design and production of the specific elements required for large companies. Large and medium-sized companies with a traditional business model are characterized by the existing structure of commodity output and the supply chain. Characteristic type of innovative behavior for such companies includes incremental product and process innovations. Large innovation-oriented companies with an integrated business model have traditional production units and innovative units in their structure. Innovation priorities of major innovation-oriented companies with integrated business model are consistent with the hybrid model of behavior which combines the traditional model with an innovative entrepreneurship.

scholarly journals KAPABILITAS INOVASI USAHA KECIL DAN MENENGAH DI INDONESIA

AKUNTABEL ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irsan Tricahyadinata
Keyword(s):  
Small Firms ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Small Companies ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Banking Institutions ◽  
Complex Models ◽  
And Performance ◽  
A Company

The Importance of studying innovation in context of small firms lies the fact that: there is no specific size of a company that is more suited for innovation, and small companies have barriers and determinants of different innovations. Improve SMEs innovation to create competitiveness is not an easy thing to do. In Indonesian, the government's efforts merely provide help with various aspects of the capital program People's Business Credit (KUR), which largely devoted to productive activities such as SMEs. However, the existing problems are not only limited in terms of capital, some other problems such as lack of access to SMEs companies with banking institutions, business-oriented business management weaknesses, knowledge and information are lame so forth. On the external side, the cultural import cheaper reasons and also the high competition of goods and services from abroad who supported the means and funds to trigger depressed SMEs with limited capital. Finally not a lot of SMEs in Indonesia that can grow and develop strong as expected. Strategy is to be able the competition through innovation. Study more complex models and relevant in explaining the innovation and performance of SMEs in Indonesia that can conveniently be considered in practical policies related to efforts on improve the company's innovation and SMEs performance both in terms of companies and other stakeholders which means importance role of market orientation, leaderships, culture organization and partnership organization for innovation (process, product and market) and performance.Keywords: Performance; Capabilities Inovation: SMEs Indonesian

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