Analysis of Reliability Requirements for Fire Alarm Systems Operated in Civil Structures and Critical Infrastructure Facilities

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 77-87
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Jakubowski
Keyword(s):  
System Reliability ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Alarm System ◽  
Civil Structures ◽  
Fire Hazards ◽  
Fire Alarm ◽  
Alarm Systems ◽  
Fire Alarm System

A fire alarm system (FAS) is one of the most important safety facilities used in any building, and include CCTV and intrusion and panic alarms. Pursuant to the Polish Regulation of the Minister of the Interior and Administration of 07/06/2010, FASs are required in specific civil structures. FASs are directly responsible for the protection of the life and health of humans and animals, and indi-rectly for property at the protected sites. In considering the fire hazards and scenarios, a FAS should be characterized with sufficient reliability. Every FAS is subject to specific requirements in terms of reliability and continuity of performance at the stages of monitoring, FAS failure, and fire. This work is an analysis of the reliability requirements for FAS. Keywords: fire alarm system, reliability requirements, structures.

Trends in the development of fire alarm system controllers for fire alarm systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 76-83
Author(s):  
A. N. Chlenov ◽  
T. A. Butcinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Technical Progress ◽  
Fire Safety ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
The State ◽  
Fire Fighting ◽  
Alarm System ◽  
Fire Alarm ◽  
Alarm Systems ◽  
Fire Alarm System ◽  
Technical Specifications

Introduction. Fire alarm system controllers are the main technical aids that serve as the backbone of a fire alarm system (a unit) at a facility. They consolidate fire alarm messages, coming from fire detectors, analyze, process, and deliver them to the user and display them in the pre-set format. The technical capacity of fire alarm system controllers is constantly improving in line with the technical progress and tightening fire safety requirements.Aims and purposes. The purpose of the article is to analyze the state of and trends in the development of fire alarm system controllers, that improve the fire safety of protected facilities. The task encompasses the retrospective review of principal tactical and technical characteristics of fire alarm devices for the period starting from the early 1950s to the present time in Russia, as well as the statistical analysis of the pace of their supply on the market of automatic fire fighting systems.Methods. Methods of system analysis and mathematical statistics were used.Results and discussion. The main stages of development of instruments for fire alarm systems that are reflective of the technical progress, primarily in the field of radio electronics, as well as the socio-economic transformations in Russia are specified. The article presents the results of statistical studies, carried out by the co-authors at different times and characterizing a change in the Russian market based on the comparative data on domestic and foreign alarm systems. The main trends in the development of the product mix and technical specifications of devices during the analyzed period are identified. The co-authors focus on the generalized layout of a blockmodular apparatus of a fire alarm system controller and determine the requirements for communication between functional modules to ensure the reliable operation of a fire alarm system.Conclusions. The main trends in the development of fire alarm system controllers, designated for fire alarm systems, focus on the application of new communication technologies and microelectronic devices that solve comprehensive safety problems with regard for the top-priority requirements of fire safety. The pace of improvement of tactical technological characteristics of devices is reflective of the state of and trends in the development of automatic fire fighting systems in Russia.

scholarly journals The analysis of the operational process of a complex fire alarm system used in transport facilities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Paś ◽  
Tomasz Klimczak ◽  
Adam Rosiński ◽  
Marek Stawowy
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Alarm System ◽  
Fire Alarm ◽  
Reliability Parameters ◽  
Alarm Systems ◽  
Operation Process ◽  
Fire Alarm System ◽  
Analysis Of Results ◽  
Rational Management ◽  
And Control

AbstractA fire alarm system (FAS) is a system comprising signalling-alarm devices, which automatically detect and transmit information about fire, but also receivers of fire alarms and receivers for damage signals. Fire alarm systems function in different environmental conditions. During operation they should be in state of fitness. This is determined by the reliability of the assembled units and rational management of the operation process. Therefore a reliability and operational analysis of fire alarm systems as a whole is essential. This article presents an authorial model and an operational and reliability analysis of FAS, which is exploited in a transport building. It also demonstrates relationships occurring in the analysed system, where to an addressable fire alarm central unit with detection loops and control-monitoring loops alarm device lines (with monitored relay outputs for actuation of alarm-signalling devices) were connected. Research and analysis of results for representative FAS, which were exploited in similar environmental conditions, were conducted in order to determine operational and reliability parameters of the investigated system. FAS computer simulation was run during the time t = 1 year of safety system operation. This led to the calculation of the probability value of the analysed FAS staying in the examined operational states.

scholarly journals GSM Based SMS Alert Fire Alarm System

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 957-962
Author(s):  
Dr. Aziz Makandar
Keyword(s):  
Detection System ◽  
Fire Detection ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Alarm System ◽  
Fire Alarm ◽  
Alarm Systems ◽  
Lcd Display ◽  
Fire Alarm System ◽  
Smoke Sensor ◽  
Fire Accidents

Abstract: The design of a fire alarm with Arduino-based system by means of GSM Module. The work purposely for house safety where the main point is to avoid the fire accidents occurred to the residents and the properties inside the house. In order to prevent losses accrued from fire accidents, various alarm systems have been developed such as smoke detectors, temperature sensor based systems etc. The design and implementation of a cost effective and reliable GSM based SMS Alert fire alarm system. The device will be able to monitor the temperature of the environment, the smoke level, send SMS alert to an inbuilt GSM number. When the system detects the temperature of 100C or more, it will immediately display an alert notification on LCD display and simultaneously sending an SMS alert to the users upon the high raise temperature in the house. This fire detection system consists of a smoke sensor, buzzer, LCD display and GSM module is interfaced with Arduino board. Keywords: Smoke sensor, GSM Module, Arduino, LED display, Buzzer

Fire Alarm Processing Control Systems Based-On Holographic Crystal Topology Structure

2012 ◽  
Vol 433-440 ◽  
pp. 6917-6920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quan Min Li ◽  
Chang Ying Xu ◽  
Hong Li Lv ◽  
Jun He
Keyword(s):  
Normal Operation ◽  
Alarm System ◽  
Topology Structure ◽  
Escape Route ◽  
Crystal Forms ◽  
Fire Alarm ◽  
Alarm Systems ◽  
Fire Alarm System ◽  
Processing Control ◽  
Set Up

According the radial flutter extension structure problems in commonly used fire alarm system, a novel topology structure of fire alarm systems based-on holographic crystal forms was proposed. It was composed of multiple devices, including intelligent fire detectors, which can communicate with each other, record fire information and judge, alarms, security, evacuation lights etc. Each device can record all of the information so as to form the hologram. These devices on each floor level in buildings and decorated with vertical layout in the staircase, so that fire alarm system topology based-on holographic crystal forms was set up. The systems can ensure the normal operation of other devices in case that central control equipment failed in extreme cases. And then the automatic fire safety equipment continued to automatically control fire rescue and guide the staff in the correct escape route. Moreover, when a device or a line goes wrong, only failure equipment or system was cut off line, and others were still able to keep communications. Compared with other methods, this new system does not affect the normal equipment of the work.

Efficiency Assessment of Fire Alarm Systems Actuation at the Production Facilities for the Period 2016–2020

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
A.A. Poroshin ◽  
◽  
A.A. Kondashov ◽  
V.I. Sibirko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Bank ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Alarm System ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
Fire Alarm ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Alarm Systems ◽  
Fire Alarm System ◽  
Production Facilities

The issues of ensuring fire safety of industrial enterprises using automatic fire alarm systems is discussed in the article. The foreign and Russian experience of conducting assessment of the efficiency of automatic fire alarm systems is analyzed. Despite the improvement of the regulatory framework for automatic fire alarm systems, the creation of new devices and technologies for detecting fire hazards, the problem of improving the reliability of automatic fire alarm systems actuation remains relevant. Using the statistical data of the federal state information system «Federal data bank «Fires», the calculations were made of the efficiency of automatic fire alarm system actuation at the industrial facilities from 2016 to 2020. Various types of industrial objects are considered: industrial buildings; warehouse buildings (structures); buildings, industrial installations. Calculations of the efficiency of automatic fire alarm systems are based on determining the number of cases of implementation of various modes of its operation. The social and material consequences of fires are investigated considering actuation of the automatic fire alarm systems. When calculating the efficiency of automatic fire alarm systems, the belonging of production facilities to a certain type of property, risk category and branch of industry is considered. Studies showed that the highest efficiency is characteristic of production facilities that are in the federal ownership (90.9 %) and grows up with an increase in the risk category of the object of protection. Thus, for industrial facilities assigned to the category of high risk, the efficiency of automatic fire alarm system actuation for the period from 2016 to 2020 is 92.3 %. By the type of industry, the lowest efficiency of automatic fire alarm system actuation is observed at the fuel industry (62 %), as well as at the construction and shipbuilding enterprises (75 %).

scholarly journals Smart Fire Detector utilizing IoT-based Zigbee Sensor

2022 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 1132
Author(s):  
Jung kyu Park
Keyword(s):  
Detection System ◽  
Fire Detection ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Control Panel ◽  
Alarm System ◽  
Fire Alarm ◽  
Alarm Systems ◽  
Fire Alarm System ◽  
Fire Detector ◽  
Conventional Systems

<pre>There are several differences between the two types of alarm systems, conventional systems and addressable systems. It is important to carefully determine the introduction of a fire alarm system according to the installation environment. Talking about the main difference relates to how the connected device communicates with the main control panel by sending a signal. Cost is another factor that can be a determinant of your chosen fire alarm system. In this paper, we proposed smart addressable fire detection system. In the proposed system, <span>IoT</span> was used and the network was constructed using <span>ZigBee</span> module. In the configured network, it consists of a local server and a control server. The local server controls the addressing sensor and sends the information obtained from the sensor to the control server. The control server receives data transmitted from the local server and enables quick fire action. In the actual implementation, the local server used the Lycra controller and <span>ZigBee</span> module. In addition, the control server used the Raspberry Pi and <span>ZigBee</span> modules and connected to the Ethernet so that the administrator could monitor or control the local server.</pre>

scholarly journals Analysis of reliability of sending information on the alarm state of focused and distributed fire alarm systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 445-452
Author(s):  
Tomasz Klimczak
Keyword(s):  
Transmission System ◽  
Alarm System ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Fire Alarm ◽  
Alarm Systems ◽  
Fire Alarm System ◽  
System Operator ◽  
Status Information ◽  
Monitoring Center ◽  
Scope Of Protection

The article discusses the legal basis for the use of the transmission system and the basic types of SSP systems in terms of their construction and scope of protection. Issues regarding the construction of a fire and fault alarm transmission system from the fire alarm system to the fire alarm receiving station and to the system operator monitoring center as well as the requirements for the transmission system should be discussed. The reliability structure of sending fire alarms and fault signals was presented as well as the reliability of sending SSP system status information was analyzed.

scholarly journals Estimation of Reliability of Fire Alarm System

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
Анастасия Ахмедова ◽  
Anastasiya Akhmedova ◽  
Татьяна Шевцова ◽  
Tatyana Shevtsova ◽  
Роман Котляров ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Failure Rate ◽  
System Reliability ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Industrial Building ◽  
Automation System ◽  
Alarm System ◽  
Fire Alarm ◽  
Fire Alarm System ◽  
Technical Safety

Improving the safety of human life is one of the main tasks of scientific and technological progress. A dangerous situation occurs when a person is in a dangerous area, i.e. in a space where constantly, periodically, or occasionally there are situations caused by factors that lead to gradual or instantaneous damage to human health. Fire is one of these situations. The safety of technical systems is solidly linked to their reliability. In firefighting automation, the main purpose of calculating reliability is to determine the probability of failure-free operation of the equipment of the system. The value obtained is subsequently used to calculate individual fire risk. To ensure technical safety, it is a universal practice to use system approach and system analysis, which allows us to consider technical security as a system. One of the specific characters of determining the reliability of computer-aided systems is the difference between the reliability indicators of the main elements of the system and the automation system as a whole. The more complex the system, the less reliable it is. The article considers the main problems leading to the efficiency loss of particular items of equipment included in the technical safety systems and formulates the tasks and methods for their reliability assessment. The research features the fire safety system of an industrial building, which includes an automatic fire alarm system and a warning and evacuation system. The paper contains an example of calculating the reliability for an automatic fire alarm system. The authors propose some ways of improving the existing system. The results are processed and presented by the main indicators of system reliability, which are the failure rate and the failure-free operation probability for particular items of equipment and the system as a whole. The research revealed that a manual detector, used as a standby item in the system of thermal and smoke fire detectors, makes it possible to reduce the failure rate of the system and increase the average time of failure-free operation. Thus, it improves the indicators of the system reliability and increases the safety of industrial buildings.

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