scholarly journals Status of meat alternatives and their potential role in the future meat market — A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 1533-1543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun Jung Lee ◽  
Hae In Yong ◽  
Minsu Kim ◽  
Yun-Sang Choi ◽  
Cheorun Jo
Keyword(s):  
Meat Production ◽  
Edible Insects ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Cultured Meat ◽  
Technical Developments ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Future ◽  
Animal Muscle ◽  
Halal Food ◽  
Meat Market

Plant-based meat analogues, edible insects, and cultured meat are promising major meat alternatives that can be used as protein sources in the future. It is also believed that the importance of meat alternatives will continue to increase because of concerns on limited sustainability of the traditional meat production system. The meat alternatives are expected to have different roles based on their different benefits and limitations. Plant-based meat analogues and edible insects can replace traditional meat as a good protein source from the perspective of nutritional value. Furthermore, plant-based meat can be made available to a wide range of consumers (e.g., as vegetarian or halal food products). However, despite ongoing technical developments, their palatability, including appearance, flavor, and texture, is still different from the consumers’ standard established from livestock-based traditional meat. Meanwhile, cultured meat is the only method to produce actual animal muscle-based meat; therefore, the final product is more meat-like compared to other meat analogues. However, technical difficulties, especially in mass production and cost, remain before it can be commercialized. Nevertheless, these meat alternatives can be a part of our future protein sources while maintaining a complementary relationship with traditional meat.

scholarly journals Halal food marketing: an evaluation of UK halal standards

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Awal Fuseini ◽  
Phil Hadley ◽  
Toby Knowles
Keyword(s):  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
Halal Food ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Dietary Laws ◽  
Meat Market ◽  
Insight Into

Purpose Because of the economic significance of the Halal meat market, many food business operators have started trading in Halal meat products. Some businesses rely solely on the services of Halal certification bodies (HCBs) to assure Halal consumers as to the authenticity of Halal meat products. However, the lack of unified national or global Halal standards has resulted in confusion as to what is authentic Halal. This paper aims to survey HCBs in the UK to highlight the major differences between the various Halal standards with regard to Halal meat production. Design/methodology/approach Out of 15 HCBs that the authors contacted, 9 agreed to participate in the study. Respondents were asked to indicate what slaughter practices are acceptable according to their standard and further indicate if their respective organisations carried out speciation testing to detect the presence of foreign deoxyribonucleic acid in certified Halal products. Findings All nine certifiers indicated that they owned and operated according to a written Halal standard. The majority of certifiers indicated that they accepted pre-slaughter stunning if the stunning did not result in the death of animals prior to exsanguination, a Muslim should perform the slaughter and a short prayer must be recited and only manual (by hand) slaughter is acceptable. Research limitations/implications The findings give an insight into acceptable and prohibited procedures during Halal meat production in the UK. Abattoir operators, meat processors and retailers can use this as a guide when selecting suitable Halal certifiers for their businesses. Originality/value The study reveals that there are a number of HCBs in the UK who are all operating according to the different interpretation of the Halal dietary laws. The paper further highlights the different slaughter procedures that are acceptable and prohibited to different certifiers.

scholarly journals Edible insects are the future?

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnold van Huis
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Western World ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Consumer Attitude ◽  
Edible Insects ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Alternative Protein

The global increase in demand for meat and the limited land area available prompt the search for alternative protein sources. Also the sustainability of meat production has been questioned. Edible insects as an alternative protein source for human food and animal feed are interesting in terms of low greenhouse gas emissions, high feed conversion efficiency, low land use, and their ability to transform low value organic side streams into high value protein products. More than 2000 insect species are eaten mainly in tropical regions. The role of edible insects in the livelihoods and nutrition of people in tropical countries is discussed, but this food source is threatened. In the Western world, there is an increasing interest in edible insects, and examples are given. Insects as feed, in particular as aquafeed, have a large potential. Edible insects have about the same protein content as conventional meat and more PUFA. They may also have some beneficial health effects. Edible insects need to be processed and turned into palatable dishes. Food safety may be affected by toxicity of insects, contamination with pathogens, spoilage during conservation and allergies. Consumer attitude is a major issue in the Western world and a number of strategies are proposed to encourage insect consumption. We discuss research pathways to make insects a viable sector in food and agriculture: an appropriate disciplinary focus, quantifying its importance, comparing its nutritional value to conventional protein sources, environmental benefits, safeguarding food safety, optimising farming, consumer acceptance and gastronomy.

The state of the meat market in the Russian Federation in the context of the pandemic (COVID–19)

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-23
Author(s):  
Olga Emilievna Bashina ◽  
Darya Viktorovna Luttseva
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Marketing Research ◽  
The State ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
The Future ◽  
Producer Prices ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Meat Market

The state of the meat market in Russia for 2013-2019 is considered, and its assessment for the future until 2021 is made. The leaders of meat production are identified, the features of production in the context of the pandemic are provided, and the analysis of producer prices by types and categories of meat is performed. The proposals on improving the market of meat producers, expanding marketing research of the meat consumers market, and increasing exports were made.

scholarly journals THE DYN AMICS OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE WORLD AND RUSSIAN HALAL FOOD MARKET

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Price Premium ◽  
Food Markets ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Food Market ◽  
Halal Food ◽  
Meat Market

the article presents data on the dynamics of the global and Russian halal food market, both in general and its main segment - the meat market. The product segment of the halal market around the world at the beginning of 2017 is estimated at 1,2 billion dollars.The largest food markets of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation include: Indonesia, Turkey, Pakistan, Iran, Egypt. the largest exporters of halal bovine meat, ovine meat and poultry are Brazil, India, Australia, USA, France. In 2016, Russian companies increased their exports and increased supplies of halal products to Central Asia (Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan) and the Middle East (Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates). Russian companies offer halal goods and services targeted at a wide range of consumers. People are ready to pay a certain price premium for halal products.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Pandemic Is a Call to Search for Alternative Protein Sources as Food and Feed: A Review of Possibilities

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Piotr Rzymski ◽  
Magdalena Kulus ◽  
Maurycy Jankowski ◽  
Claudia Dompe ◽  
Rut Bryl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Primary Response ◽  
Wildlife Trade ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Cultured Meat ◽  
Alternative Protein

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a global health challenge with substantial adverse effects on the world economy. It is beyond any doubt that it is, again, a call-to-action to minimize the risk of future zoonoses caused by emerging human pathogens. The primary response to contain zoonotic diseases is to call for more strict regulations on wildlife trade and hunting. This is because the origins of coronaviruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), SARS-CoV, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), as well as other viral pathogens (e.g., Ebola, HIV) are traceable to wild animals. Although COVID-19 is not related to livestock animals, the pandemic increased general attention given to zoonotic viral infections—the risk of which can also be associated with livestock. Therefore, this paper discusses the potential transformation of industrial livestock farming and the production of animal products, particularly meat, to decrease the risks for transmission of novel human pathogens. Plant-based diets have a number of advantages, but it is unrealistic to consider them as the only solution offered to the problem. Therefore, a search for alternative protein sources in insect-based foods and cultured meat, important technologies enabling safer meat production. Although both of these strategies offer a number of potential advantages, they are also subject to the number of challenges that are discussed in this paper. Importantly, insect-based foods and cultured meat can provide additional benefits in the context of ecological footprint, an aspect important in light of predicted climate changes. Furthermore, cultured meat can be regarded as ethically superior and supports better food security. There is a need to further support the implementation and expansion of all three approaches discussed in this paper, plant-based diets, insect-based foods, and cultured meat, to decrease the epidemiological risks and ensure a sustainable future. Furthermore, cultured meat also offers a number of additional benefits in the context of environmental impact, ethical issues, and food security.

Digital and Technical Developments in the Amblyopia Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 237 (10) ◽  
pp. 1172-1176
Author(s):  
Charlotte Schramm ◽  
Yaroslava Wenner
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Technical Progress ◽  
Therapy Monitoring ◽  
Everyday Lives ◽  
Technical Developments ◽  
The Future

AbstractThe digital media becomes more and more common in our everyday lives. So it is not surprising that technical progress is also leaving its mark on amblyopia therapy. New media and technologies can be used both in the actual amblyopia therapy or therapy monitoring. In particular in this review shutter glasses, therapy monitoring and analysis using microsensors and newer video programs for amblyopia therapy are presented and critically discussed. Currently, these cannot yet replace classic amblyopia therapy. They represent interesting options that will occupy us even more in the future.

Features of optative modality in Macedonian language (with emphasis on the functionalities of independent da-construction)

2020 ◽  
pp. 301-323
Author(s):  
Natalya I. Kikilo ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Natural Context ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
Text Types ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Ritual Context

In the Macedonian literary language the analytic da-construction used in an independent clause has a wide range of possible modal meanings, the most common of which are imperative and optative. The present article offers a detailed analysis of the semantics and functions of the Macedonian optative da-construction based on fiction and journalistic texts. The first part of the article deals with the specificities of the optative as a category which primarily considers the subject of a wish. In accordance with the semantic characteristics of this category, optative constructions are used in those discourse text types where the speakers are explicitly designated (the most natural context for the optative is the dialogue). The analysis of the Macedonian material includes instances of atypical usage of the optative da-construction, in which the wish of the subject is not apparent and thereby produces new emotional tonalities perceptible to the reader of a fiction/journalistic text. The study describes Macedonian constructions involving two different verb forms: 1) present tense form (da + praes) and 2) imperfective form (da + impf). These constructions formally designate the hypothetical and counterfactual status of the optative situation, respectively. Thus, the examples in the analysis are ordered according to two types of constructions, which reflect the speaker’s view on the probability of the realisation of his/her wish. Unrealistic wishes can be communicated through the present da-construction, while the imperfective construction denotes situations in which the wish can be realised in the future. The second part of the article is devoted to performative optative da-constructions, which express formulas of speech etiquette, wishes and curses. The analysis demonstrates that these constructions lose their magical functions, when used outside of the ritual context, and begin to function as interjections.

scholarly journals Frequency Division Multiplexing of Terahertz Waves Realized by Diffractive Optical Elements

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 6246
Author(s):  
Paweł Komorowski ◽  
Patrycja Czerwińska ◽  
Mateusz Kaluza ◽  
Mateusz Surma ◽  
Przemysław Zagrajek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Division Multiplexing ◽  
Diffractive Optical Elements ◽  
Frequency Division ◽  
Terahertz Waves ◽  
Optical Elements ◽  
Telecommunication Systems ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Future ◽  
Wireless Telecommunication ◽  
Finite Distance

Recently, one of the most commonly discussed applications of terahertz radiation is wireless telecommunication. It is believed that the future 6G systems will utilize this frequency range. Although the exact technology of future telecommunication systems is not yet known, it is certain that methods for increasing their bandwidth should be investigated in advance. In this paper, we present the diffractive optical elements for the frequency division multiplexing of terahertz waves. The structures have been designed as a combination of a binary phase grating and a converging diffractive lens. The grating allows for differentiating the frequencies, while the lens assures separation and focusing at the finite distance. Designed structures have been manufactured from polyamide PA12 using the SLS 3D printer and verified experimentally. Simulations and experimental results are shown for different focal lengths. Moreover, parallel data transmission is shown for two channels of different carrier frequencies propagating in the same optical path. The designed structure allowed for detecting both signals independently without observable crosstalk. The proposed diffractive elements can work in a wide range of terahertz and sub-terahertz frequencies, depending on the design assumptions. Therefore, they can be considered as an appealing solution, regardless of the band finally used by the future telecommunication systems.

Digital Authoritarianism and the Future of Human Rights

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Tiberiu Dragu ◽  
Yonatan Lupu
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Theoretic Model ◽  
Human Rights Abuses ◽  
Human Rights Regime ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Future ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Game Theoretic ◽  
Strategic Context

Abstract How will advances in digital technology affect the future of human rights and authoritarian rule? Media figures, public intellectuals, and scholars have debated this relationship for decades, with some arguing that new technologies facilitate mobilization against the state and others countering that the same technologies allow authoritarians to strengthen their grip on power. We address this issue by analyzing the first game-theoretic model that accounts for the dual effects of technology within the strategic context of preventive repression. Our game-theoretical analysis suggests that technological developments may not be detrimental to authoritarian control and may, in fact, strengthen authoritarian control by facilitating a wide range of human rights abuses. We show that technological innovation leads to greater levels of abuses to prevent opposition groups from mobilizing and increases the likelihood that authoritarians will succeed in preventing such mobilization. These results have broad implications for the human rights regime, democratization efforts, and the interpretation of recent declines in violent human rights abuses.

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