The Influence of Purge Times on the Yields of Essential Oil Components Extracted from Plants by Pressurized Liquid Extraction

2014 ◽  
Vol 97 (5) ◽  
pp. 1310-1316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Wianowska
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Pressurized Liquid Extraction ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Extraction Ability ◽  
Oil Components ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis L

Abstract The influence of different purge times on the yield of the main essential oil constituents of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), and chamomile (Chamomilla recutita L.) was investigated. The pressurized liquid extraction process was performed by applying different extraction temperatures and solvents. The results presented in the paper show that the estimated yield of essential oil components extracted from the plants in the pressurized liquid extraction process is purge time-dependent. The differences in the estimated yields are mainly connected with the evaporation of individual essential oil components and the applied solvent during the purge; the more volatile an essential oil constituent is, the greater is its loss during purge time, and the faster the evaporation of the solvent during the purge process is, the higher the concentration of less volatile essential oil components in the pressurized liquid extraction receptacle. The effect of purge time on the estimated yield of individual essential oil constituents is additionally differentiated by the extraction temperature and the extraction ability of the applied solvent.

Effect of Water Content in Extraction Mixture on the Pressurized Liquid Extraction Efficiency—Stability of Quercetin 4′-Glucoside During Extraction from Onions

2016 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 744-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Wianowska ◽  
Andrzej L Dawidowicz
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Matrix Effects ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Pressurized Liquid Extraction ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Plant Analysis ◽  
Pure Methanol

Abstract Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) is considered as an effective and quick sample preparation method, especially in plant analysis. This quick extraction process favors the isolation of compounds for which long exposure time in high temperatures is undesirable. However, despite this advantage, the application of PLE for plant compounds extraction involves certain problems, such as instability of the compounds. The obtained data proved that even in short-lasting PLE, quercetin 4′-glucoside undergoing the hydrolytical degradation process produces the corresponding aglycon quercetin when water is a component of the applied extractant. The increase of water content in methanol–water extractant mixture heightens the transformation degree of quercetin 4′-glucoside into quercetin and increases its concentration in the PLE extracts. The degradation is accelerated by increased extraction temperature and time. In plant samples, the degradation of quercetin 4′-glucoside is much higher because of the plant matrix effects. The presented results explain why extraction of quercetin from plants by pure methanol is less efficient than by water containing alcohol solutions. More importantly, they prove that the application of water–alcohol extractant during sample preparation leads to the hydrolytical degradation of glycosides to aglycones, and, as a consequence, to false conclusions in plant analysis.

scholarly journals Bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity in fennel seeds influenced by pressurized liquid extraction

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Repajić ◽  
Petra Tonković ◽  
Valentina Kruk ◽  
Zoran Zorić ◽  
Ivona Elez Garofulić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Pressurized Liquid Extraction ◽  
Aluminium Chloride ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Foeniculum Vulgare ◽  
Cycle Number ◽  
Antioxidant Power

AbstractFennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) is a well-known aromatic plant, widely used as spice and remedy herb. It provides many beneficial effects and is used as diuretic and expectorant, as well as for various dyspeptic disorders. Beside essential oils, fennel seeds are abundant with various phenols, which are known as strong antioxidants and thereby contribute to human health. Among different extraction methods for phenols isolation, pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) represents a novel technique with numerous advantages over conventional extraction approaches. Its efficiency manifests through combination of high temperature and pressure, enabling extraction time shortening, as well as decreased solvent consumption, thus being environment-friendly technique. In order to achieve maximum extraction yield, it is of great importance to select optimal PLE conditions, e.g., extraction temperature and time. Additionally, solvent selection also affects on content of targeted compounds, where phenols amount depends on polarity of solvent. Hence, the aim of this study was to examine the effect of temperature (75 and 100 °C), static time (5 and 10 min) and cycle number (1, 2 and 3) on total phenols (TP) and total flavonoids (TF) content, as well as the antioxidant capacity (AC) in fennel seeds using three-step exhaustive PLE. Firstly, grinded dry fennel seeds were subjected to PLE using non-polar solvent (hexane) under the mentioned conditions in order to remove seeds' lipid fraction. Afterwards, defatted samples were extracted with polar solvents by the increasing polarity: aqueous acetone solution (30 %, v/v) followed by aqueous methanol solution (30 %, v/v). Obtained acetone (AE) and methanol (ME) extracts (n = 24) were analyzed for TP (Folin-Ciocalteu method), TF (aluminium chloride colorimetric assay) and AC [ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) method]. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and Tukey's HSD test (p ≤ 0.05) were applied for statistical analysis of collected data. Expectedly, AE were described with higher values of analyzed parameters (grand means: TP = 416.18 mg/100 g, TF = 41.87 mg/100 g, AC = 359.57 mg AAE/100 g) in comparison with ME (grand means: TP = 80.25 mg/100 g, TF = 16.41 mg/100 g, AC = 96.13 mg AAE/100 g. Furthermore, all examined influences significantly affected TP, TF and AC in all samples, except temperature on TP in ME. Thus, conditions of 100 °C/10 min/3 cycles showed the greatest yield of tested parameters in AE, while 100 °C/5 min/1 cycle were sufficient for maximum TP and AC levels in ME. Regarding TF in ME, slightly longer extraction time was required to achieve the highest efficiency (100 °C/10 min/1 cycle).

Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Rosmarinus officinalis L. Essential Oil Obtained via Supercritical Fluid Extraction

2005 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 790-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. SANTOYO ◽  
S. CAVERO ◽  
L. JAIME ◽  
E. IBAÑEZ ◽  
F. J. SEÑORÁNS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy ◽  
The One ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis L ◽  
Total Oil

The chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil–rich fractions obtained by supercritical CO2 extraction from Rosmarinus officinalis L. were investigated. Gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy analysis of these fractions resulted in the identification of 33 compounds of the essential oil. The main components of these fractions were α-pinene, 1,8-cineole, camphor, verbenone, and borneol, constituting ca. 80% of the total oil. The antimicrobial activity was investigated by the disc diffusion and broth dilution methods against six microbial species, including gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis), gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), a yeast (Candida albicans), and a fungus (Aspergillus niger). All of the essential oil–rich fractions obtained showed antimicrobial activity against all of the microorganisms tested, with inhibition zones and minimal bactericidal and fungicidal concentration values in the range of 17 to 33 mm and 2.25 to 0.25 mg/ml, respectively. The most active fraction was the one obtained in experiment 4 (4% ethanol as modifier; extraction pressure, 25 MPa; extraction temperature, 60°C). S. aureus was found to be the most sensitive bacteria to the rosemary extracts, whereas the least susceptible was A. niger. α-Pinene, 1,8-cineole, camphor, verbenone, and borneol standards also showed antimicrobial activity against all the microorganisms tested, borneol being the most effective followed by camphor and verbenone. In that way, it was confirmed that essential oil from experiment 4, with the best antimicrobial activity, presented the highest quantity of camphor, borneol, and verbenone.

scholarly journals Optimization of Emprit Ginger Oil Yield through Operating Temperature with Microwave Ultrasonic Steam Diffusion Method

2022 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Gilang Maulana Alif ◽  
Irfiani Nurul Mawaddah ◽  
Fikaputri Rohmatul ◽  
Zel Andesra
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Microwave Distillation ◽  
Time Required ◽  
The Cost

<h1><em>Essential oil of ginger (zingiberene oil (C<sub>15</sub>H<sub>24</sub>)) is one of the diversified products that have high selling value. Most of the essential ginger products available in the market haven’t allow the standard export products, based on the Essential Oil Association of USA (EOA) standards. The low quality of ginger essential oil products is due to its production process with conventional distillation. This method is most often used because it is easy to operate and produce a good enough product but takes a long time. Another extract method developed is Microwave Distillation and Simultaneous Solid-Phase Microexctraction (MDSS- PM). In this method the time required is faster but the resulting product is not as good as Hydrodistillation product and requires high energy. In this research, ginger extraction process using Microwave Distillation method is modified by ultrasonic addition technique (MUSDf). The variables used in this research are Steam Diffusion (SDF) method, Microwave Exctraction (ME), Microwave Steam Diffusion (MSDf), Microwave Ultrasonic Steam Diffusion (MUSDf) with 30, 50,70, 90 and 110 minutes extension time and extraction temperature variations of 90, 95, 100 and 1050C. From the result of the research, it is found that the best method to produce ginger oil extract is by using MUSDf method with yield of 0.952%, zingiberene level is 6.38%, and the cost per gram of oil is Rp 17,964.</em></h1>

Optimization of Hydrodistillation of Rosemary Essential Oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 51-61
Author(s):  
Ouassila Larkeche ◽  
Ahmed Zermane ◽  
Abdeslam-Hassen Meniai ◽  
Souad Boubaira ◽  
Hayat Kouis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Distillation Process ◽  
Yield Value ◽  
Water Plant ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Extraction ◽  
Oil Components

Extraction of essential oil from Algerian rosemary leaves is carried out by means of a hydro-distillation process. The important operating parameters such as extraction time, condensation flow rate and water/solid plant material ratio, have been investigated. The highest yield value was 1.92% and was obtained for a water/plant ratio, a condensate flowrate, and extraction time of 20, 4.51ml/min and 120 min, respectively. The essential oil components have been identified using the GCMS analysis which show camphor as the major ingredient, followed by camphene, α-pinene and 1,8-cineole. The results have been compared with those obtained using a supercritical carbon dioxide extraction process, which has shown to be more much better quantitatively and qualitatively.

scholarly journals Effect of Salinity and Water Stress on the Essential Oil Components of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.)

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radhia Sarmoum ◽  
Soumia Haid ◽  
Mohamed Biche ◽  
Zahreddine Djazouli ◽  
Bachar Zebib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽  
Bornyl Acetate ◽  
Oil Components ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis L ◽  
Water Treatments

The effect of salinity and water stresses on the essential oil components of Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil was investigated. Rosemary plants were submitted to different water treatments: tap water (TW), salt water (SW) and without irrigation (NIR). GC/MS analysis showed that ten and eleven volatile compounds were identified in essential oil of rosemary plants irrigated with tap water (TW) and salt water (SW), respectively. However, thirteen volatile compounds were identified in essential oil of non-irrigated plants (NIR). Moreover, among these compounds, α-Pinene, Eucalyptol (1,8 Cineol), Camphene, Borneol, D-verbenone, Bornyl acetate were the major components of oil. Also, GC/MS results highlighted that non-irrigated rosemary plants showed the highest essential oil yield (Y). Obtained oil yields followed the order YNIR > YTW > YSW. In conclusion, qualitative and quantitative differences in rosemary essential oil components were highlighted in relation to water stress.

scholarly journals Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Rosmarinus officinalis L. Essential Oils Grown in Lam Dong Province, Vietnam

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 2759-2762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tran Thi Kim Ngan ◽  
Nguyen Cam Huong ◽  
Xuan Tien Le ◽  
Pham Quoc Long ◽  
Tran Quoc Toan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽  
Bornyl Acetate ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Cultivated Plant ◽  
Geographical Position ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis L

Composition of rosemary essential oil largely depends on the geographical position of the cultivated plant and conditions of the extraction process. In this study, fresh rosemary leaves were used for extraction of essential oil by hydrodistillation and evaluation of chemical compositions and physico-chemical characteristics of the obtained oil were performed. The yield of essential oil was 1.0 %. The physico-chemical parameters showed specific gravity (0.8978 g/cm3), acid index (1.122 mg KOH/g), ester index (15.708 mg KOH/g) and refractive index (1.464). Twenty three components were identified in Rosmarinus officinalis L. oil. The major components were α-pinene (35.54 %), eucalyptol (20.902 %), camphene (4.384 %), bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-3-en-2-one (7.794 %), caryophyllene (1.225 %), endo-borneol (4.147 %) and bornyl acetate (4.065 %). Present study unveiled differences in the chemical composition of Vietnamese rosemary oil comparing with similar studies carried out in other countries.

scholarly journals Use of Pressurized Liquid Extraction for the Simultaneous Analysis of 28 Polar and 94 Non-polar Pesticides in Agricultural Soils by GC/QqQ-MS/MS and UPLC/QqQ-MS/MS

2010 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 1715-1731 ◽  
Author(s):  
José luis martínez Vidal ◽  
Juan Antonio Padilla Sánchez ◽  
Patricia Plaza-bolaños ◽  
Antonia Garrido Frenich ◽  
Roberto Romero-González
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Pressurized Liquid Extraction ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Polar Pesticides ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Development And Validation

Abstract Due to the wide range of pesticides that can be used in agriculture, the development of fast multiresidue methods that simultaneously determine polar and non-polar pesticides is greatly demanded. This study shows the development and validation of a multiresidue method for the analysis of 98 non-polar pesticides and 28 polar pesticides in soil. A simultaneous extraction step by pressurized liquid extraction was utilized. The optimum results were obtained using ethyl acetatemethanol (3:1, v/v) with 2 min of preheat time and 85C as the extraction temperature. The final determination of non-polar pesticides was performed by GC, whereas polar pesticides were determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). Both GC and UPLC were coupled to triple-quadrupole analyzers operating in tandem MS. The optimized extraction procedure was validated. The average extraction recoveries were in the range 72108 (10 g/kg) and 71106 (50 g/kg), with RSD values 26. The matrix effect was also evaluated, and matrix-matched standard calibration was finally applied for quantification. The suitability of the method was also checked by the analysis of a certified reference material. Furthermore, 26 real soil samples were analyzed by the proposed methods in order to assess their applicability. Several pesticides (e.g., bifenthrin, triadimefon, or endosulfan) were found in the samples.

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