Simultaneous Determination of First-Line 4-FDC Antituberculosis Drugs by UHPLC–UV and HPLC–UV: A Comparative Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 1008-1015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro H C Franco ◽  
Paula R Chellini ◽  
Marcone A L Oliveira ◽  
Gerson A Pianetti
Keyword(s):  
Simultaneous Determination ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Analysis Time ◽  
World Health ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Acquisition Time ◽  
Step Method ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Tuberculosis is the second most deadly infectious disease, surpassed only by HIV/AIDS, and has resulted in over 1 billion deaths in the last 200 years. The World Health Organization estimates that in 2014, 9.6 million people were infected by this disease and 1.5 million had died. First-choice treatment consists of fixed-dose combination tablets containing rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol hydrochloride (4-FDC). There are pharmacopeial protocols available to test 4-FDC, but they are prolonged, two-step methods. One single-step method in the literature performs the simultaneous determination by HPLC, but requires a long acquisition time. In this context, an ultra-HPLC (UHPLC) method was developed based on the HPLC method with the objective of reducing analysis time. A C18 column (1.9 µm particle size) was used with UV–diode-array detection at 238 and 282 nm. The method was found to be selective, linear, exact, precise, and robust. Samples from two batches were analyzed and the results compared with those obtained by the HPLC method, with no statistically significant differences observed (P > 0.05). This UHPLC method reduced the analysis time from 17 to 4 min, with a more than 90% reduction in sample and reagent consumption and a financial economy of almost 50-fold.

scholarly journals Treatment of COVID-19 with Chloroquine: Implication for Malaria Chemotherapy Using ACTs in Disease Endemic Countries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neils Ben Quashie ◽  
Nancy Odurowah Duah-Quashie
Keyword(s):  
Intermittent Preventive Treatment ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Combination Therapies ◽  
Parasite Resistance ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Based on reports of parasite resistance and on World Health Organization recommendation, chloroquine was replaced with the artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) as the first choice of drugs for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria. Disuse of chloroquine led to restoration of drug-sensitive parasite to some extent in certain countries. Ever since chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine were touted as potential treatment for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), there has been a dramatic surge in demand for the drugs. Even in areas where chloroquine is proscribed, there has been an unexpected increase in demand and supply of the drug. This situation is quite worrying as the indiscriminate use of chloroquine may produce drug-resistant parasites which may impact negatively on the efficacy of amodiaquine due to cross-resistance. Amodiaquine is a partner drug in one of the ACTs and in some of the drugs used for intermittent preventive treatment. We herein discuss the consequences of the escalated use of chloroquine in the management of COVID-19 on chemotherapy or chemoprevention of malaria and offer an advice. We speculate that parasite strains resistant to chloroquine will escalate due to the increased and indiscriminate use of the drug and consequently lead to cross-resistance with amodiaquine which is present in some drug schemes aforementioned. Under the circumstance, the anticipated hope of reverting to the use of the ‘resurrected chloroquine’ to manage malaria in future is likely to diminish. The use of chloroquine and its derivatives for the management of COVID-19 should be controlled.

scholarly journals High global consumption of potentially inappropriate fixed dose combination antibiotics: Analysis of data from 75 countries

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0241899
Author(s):  
Barbara Bortone ◽  
Charlotte Jackson ◽  
Yingfen Hsia ◽  
Julia Bielicki ◽  
Nicola Magrini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Antibiotic Consumption ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
World Health ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Us Fda ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Data Analysis System

Antibiotic fixed dose combinations (FDCs) can have clinical advantages such as improving effectiveness and adherence to therapy. However, high use of potentially inappropriate FDCs has been reported, with implications for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and toxicity. We used a pharmaceutical database, IQVIA-Multinational Integrated Data Analysis System (IQVIA-MIDAS®), to estimate sales of antibiotic FDCs from 75 countries in 2015. Antibiotic consumption was estimated using standard units (SU), defined by IQVIA as a single tablet, capsule, ampoule, vial or 5ml oral suspension. For each FDC antibiotic, the approval status was assessed by either registration with the United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) or inclusion on the World Health Organization (WHO) Essential Medicines List (EML). A total of 119 antibiotic FDCs were identified, contributing 16.7 x 109 SU, equalling 22% of total antibiotic consumption in 2015. The most sold antibiotic FDCs were amoxicillin-clavulanic acid followed by trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and ampicillin/cloxacillin. The category with the highest consumption volume was aminopenicillin/β-lactamase inhibitor +/- other agents. The majority of antibiotic FDCs (92%; 110/119) were not approved by the US FDA. Of these, the most sold were ampicillin/cloxacillin, cefixime/ofloxacin and metronidazole/spiramycin. More than 80% (98/119) of FDC antibiotics were not compatible with the 2017 WHO EML. The countries with the highest numbers of FDC antibiotics were India (80/119), China (25/119) and Vietnam (19/119). There is high consumption of FDC antibiotics globally, particularly in middle-income countries. The majority of FDC antibiotic were not approved by either US FDA or WHO EML. International initiatives such as clear guidance from the WHO EML on which FDCs are not appropriate may help to regulate the manufacturing and sales of these antibiotics.

scholarly journals Role of Chemotherapeutic Agents in the Management of Cystic Echinococcosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasar Nazligul ◽  
Metin Kucukazman ◽  
Sami Akbulut
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Percutaneous Treatment ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
The Body ◽  
World Health ◽  
Adjunctive Treatment ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Hydatid disease is caused by infection with the metacestode stage of Echinococcus tapeworms of the family Taeniidae. The primary carriers are dogs and wolves, and humans are accidental hosts that do not contribute to the normal life cycle of this organism. The liver is the most commonly involved organ in the body by cystic echinococcosis (CE) secondary to infection with Echinococcus granulosus. Management options for CE should depend on the World Health Organization (WHO) diagnostic classification. Small (<5 cm) WHO stage CE1 and CE3a cysts may be primarily treated with benzimidazoles; the first-choice drug is albendazole. In some situations the combination of albendazole and praziquantel may be preferred. Chemotherapy with a benzimidazole or albendazole plus praziquantel is also used as adjunctive treatment to surgery and percutaneous treatment. Drug treatments have been the indispensable therapeutic modalities for cystic echinococcosis.

scholarly journals Hydromorphone in the Management of Cancer-Related Pain: An Update on Routes of Administration and Dosage Forms

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maansi G. Kumar ◽  
Senshang Lin
Keyword(s):  
Dosage Forms ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Routes Of Administration ◽  
First Choice ◽  
The World ◽  
Rapid Effect ◽  
Synthetic Derivative ◽  
Health Organization

Pain is experienced by a majority of cancer patients. As life expectancy has increased in developed and developing countries, cancer-related pain has become a major health concern. Despite the use of the three-step analgesic ladder proposed by the World Health Organization, pain still remains under treated. Morphine, the gold standard against which all other opioids has been compared is considered the first choice for management of cancer-related pain. However, recently focus has shifted to the use of hydromorphone, a semi-synthetic derivative of morphine, which is more potent, more soluble and has a comparable side-effect profile. This review focuses on the use of hydromorphone for the management of cancer-related pain emphasizing on the various routes of administration as well as dosage forms, and providing a direction for the preference of a particular route depending on the need for a rapid effect and the individual’s situation. Various approaches used to modify the release of hydromorphone from the drug delivery systems with the perspective of improving patient compliance are also being discussed.

Simultaneous determination of rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide and ethambutol in fixed-dose combination antituberculosis pharmaceutical formulations: a review

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1103-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. L. Oliveira ◽  
P. R. Chellini ◽  
T. L. Amorim
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
World Health ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
First Line ◽  
The World ◽  
Dose Combination ◽  
Health Organization

According to the World Health Organization, rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide and ethambutol hydrochloride are the first-line drugs used to treat tuberculosis – an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

scholarly journals HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of four compounds in rat plasma after intravenous administration of Portulaca oleracea L. extract

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongzhe Cheng ◽  
Ming Xie ◽  
Wenjie Zhang ◽  
Lan Cheng ◽  
Yang Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simultaneous Determination ◽  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Sample Pretreatment ◽  
Rat Plasma ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Portulaca Oleracea ◽  
Coumaric Acid

The objective of the present study was to develop a simple and selective HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of hesperidin (HP), caffeic acid (CA), ferulic acid (FA) and p-coumaric acid (p-CA) in rat plasma after intravenous administration of Portulaca oleracea L. extract (POE). With the hyperoside as the internal standard, the sample pretreatment procedure involved simple single-step extraction with methanol of 0.2 mL plasma. The mobile phase consisted of methanol-acetonitrile-tetrahydrofuran-0.5% glacial acetic acid (5:3:18:74, v/v/v/v). The calibration curves were linear over the range of 0.1-25 µg mL-1, 0.1-25 µg mL-1, 0.1-25 µg mL-1and 0.015-3 µg mL-1 for HP, CA, FA and p-CA, respectively. The method developed was suitable for the pharmacokinetic study of HP, CA, FA and p-CA in rats after intravenous administration of POE.

scholarly journals QUANTITATIVE ASSAY OF ASPIRIN AND (SALICYLIC ACID AND HEAVY METALS AS IMPURATIES) IN IRAQI’S MARKET ASPIRIN TABLETS USING DIFFERENT ANALYTICAL METHODS

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Mahdi Saeed ◽  
Mohammed Jassim Hamzah ◽  
Noor Qasim Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
World Health ◽  
Hplc Separation ◽  
Acceptable Range ◽  
Label Claim ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Good Agreement

Objective: Easy and precise methods were developed for estimation of aspirin (ASP), impurities from such as salicylic acid (SAL) and heavy metal ions (HMI) in ASP tablets that available in the Iraqi’s market using High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), UV–VIS spectrophotometry and atomic absorption spectrophotometric (AAS).Methods: HPLC separation was carried out using C18 as stationary phase and acetonitrile (ACN): water in the ratio of (10: 90 v/v) as a mobile phase for HPLC method and as a solvent for UV-VIS spectrophotometric for quantitative ASP and SAL at 254 nm for HPLC, 226 and 296 nm for UV measurements. AAS was used for HMI determination.Results: ASP and SAL gave absorbance maxima at 226 and 296 nm in ACN: H2O solvent. The Beer’s law was obeyed in the range of 0.05-20 for ASP and 0.02-8 µg/ml for SAL. Correlation coefficients (R2) were 0.9996 and 0.9992 for ASP and SAL respectively, for HPLC and LOD value was 0.006 for ASP and 0.004 μg/ml for SAL. The % recovery for the developed method was found to be in the range of (98.80 to 101.26%) and (98.67 to 103.33%) for ASP and SAL respectively, within the acceptable range, that approved by world health organization (WHO).Conclusion: The proposed method can help research studies, quality control and routine analysis with lesser resources available. The results of the assay of pharmaceutical formulation of the developed method are highly reliable and reproducible and is in good agreement with the label claim of the medicines.

scholarly journals A rapid stability-indicating, fused-core HPLC method for simultaneous determination of β-artemether and lumefantrine in anti-malarial fixed dose combination products

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sultan Suleman ◽  
Kirsten Vandercruyssen ◽  
Evelien Wynendaele ◽  
Matthias D’Hondt ◽  
Nathalie Bracke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simultaneous Determination ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Fixed Dose Combination ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Stability Indicating ◽  
Dose Combination

scholarly journals A prospective observational study of prescription pattern in a tertiary care teaching hospital of Jharkhand

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2620
Author(s):  
Abha Kumari ◽  
Keshav Kumar ◽  
Manju Gari ◽  
Kumari Pallavi ◽  
Subhankar Choudhury
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Health Care Delivery System ◽  
World Health ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Prescribing Pattern ◽  
Prescribing Practice ◽  
Health Organization

Background: Prescription error and irrational prescribing are the avoidable problems imposed on health care delivery system from prescriber side which must be addressed. Periodic prescription audit helps to curtail the error and irrational prescribing.Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted on patients visiting various Outpatient Department of RIMS, Ranchi, Jharkhand on all working days at 11:00 AM to 12:00 PM from 1 August 2018 to 31 July 2019. Various aspects of collected prescriptions were analyzed by using World Health Organization (WHO) prescribing indicators.Results: In this study, out of 700 prescriptions collected, 76 were excluded. Out of total 624 patients analyzed, 382 (61.28%) were male and 242 (38.72%) were female. 48 (7.69%) patients belonged to ≤18, 464 (74.36%) to 19-64 and 112 (17.95%) to ≥65 years of age group. Tablet (71%) was the most common dosage form. None of prescriptions were having registration number of the doctor. 242 (38.78%) prescriptions did not have a diagnosis duly written. The total no. of drugs prescribed in 624 prescriptions was 2176. Only 32 (5.13%) prescriptions were found to have medicines prescribed in block letters. Antibiotics (29%) were the most common class of drugs prescribed. Average number of drugs per prescription was 3.47. Only 48 (2.20%) drugs were prescribed by their generic name while total of injectables prescribed were 102 (4.68%). Total number of drugs from NLEM was 848 (38.97%). 196 (9.00%) drugs were fixed-dose combination.Conclusions: In our study, we found deficiencies in various parts of prescriptions. Prescribing pattern was not in accordance with WHO recommendation for prescribing practice.

scholarly journals Low rate of relapse after twelve-dose multidrug therapy for hansen’s disease: A 20-year cohort study in a brazilian reference center

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. e0009382
Author(s):  
José A. C. Nery ◽  
Anna M. Sales ◽  
Mariana A. V. B. Hacker ◽  
Milton O. Moraes ◽  
Raquel C. Maia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Event ◽  
World Health ◽  
Data Management System ◽  
Incidence Density ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Multidrug Therapy ◽  
Reference Center ◽  
Potential Marker ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
To Receive

The World Health Organization has raised concerns about the increasing number of Hansen disease (HD) relapses worldwide, especially in Brazil, India, and Indonesia that report the highest number of recurrent cases. Relapses are an indicator of MDT effectiveness and can reflect Mycobacterium leprae persistence or re-infection. Relapse is also a potential marker for the development or progression of disability. In this research, we studied a large cohort of persons affected by HD treated with full fixed-dose multibacillary (MB) multidrug therapy (MDT) followed for up to 20 years and observed that relapses are a rare event. We estimated the incidence density of relapse in a cohort of patients classified to receive MB regime (bacillary index (BI) > 0), diagnosed between September 1997 and June 2017, and treated with twelve-dose MB-MDT at a HD reference center in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. We obtained the data from the data management system of the clinic routine service. We linked the selected cases to the dataset of relapses of the national HD data to confirm possible relapse cases diagnosed elsewhere. We diagnosed ten cases of relapse in a cohort of 713 patients followed-up for a mean of 12.1 years. This resulted in an incidence rate of 1.16 relapse cases per 1000 person-year (95% CI = 0.5915–2.076). The accumulated risk was 0.025 in 20 years. The very low risk observed in this cohort of twelve-dose-treated MB patients reinforces the success of the current MDT scheme.

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