Axiological analysis for the role of values in person-centered healthcare

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
James Marcum
Keyword(s):  
Human Dignity ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Clinical Encounter ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Biomedical Model ◽  
Ethical Values ◽  
Epistemic Values ◽  
Aesthetic Values

In this paper, an axiological analysis for the role of values in person-centered healthcare is undertaken from aesthetic, epistemic, and ethical perspectives, given the backdrop of a robust notion of personhood. To that end, personhood is first analyzed and conceptualized to provide a practical framework for situating the axiological analysis for the role of values, especially the value of human dignity, in healthcare. In terms of aesthetic values, beauty plays an essential role within person-centered healthcare, especially with respect to the value of wellbeing, and for providing a platform to analyze further both epistemic and ethical values in healthcare. With respect to epistemic values, truth - particularly in terms of the value of competence - plays a critical role in providing effective healthcare. In terms of ethical values, the good, especially with respect to the value of caring, plays a vital role in shaping how both clinicians and patients comport themselves in the clinical encounter. In a concluding section, the significance of the axiological analysis for the role of values in person-centered healthcare, in contrast to healthcare based on the biomedical model, is briefly discussed.

KAUTILYA ON THE SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY OF ACCOUNTING, ORGANIZATIONAL DESIGN AND THE ROLE OF ETHICS IN ANCIENT INDIA

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balbir S. Sihag
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Organizational Design ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Ethical Values ◽  
Allocation Of Resources ◽  
Economic Data ◽  
Ancient India

Kautilya, a 4th century B.C.E. economist, recognized the importance of accounting methods in economic enterprises. He realized that a proper measurement of economic performance was absolutely essential for efficient allocation of resources, which was considered an important source of economic development. He viewed philosophy and political science as separate disciplines but considered accounting an integral part of economics. He specified a very broad scope for accounting and considered explanation and prediction as its proper objectives. Kautilya developed bookkeeping rules to record and classify economic data, emphasized the critical role of independent periodic audits and proposed the establishment of two important but separate offices - the Treasurer and Comptroller-Auditor, to increase accountability, specialization, and above all to reduce the scope for conflicts of interest. He also linked the successful enforcement of rules and regulations to their clarity, consistency and completeness. Kautilya believed that such measures were necessary but not sufficient to eliminate fraudulent accounting. He also emphasized the role of ethics, considering ethical values as the glue which binds society and promotes economic development.

scholarly journals Liquid–liquid phase separation in human health and diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Wang ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Tong Dai ◽  
Ziran Qin ◽  
Huasong Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Liquid Phase Separation ◽  
Eukaryotic Cells ◽  
Liquid Liquid Phase Separation

AbstractEmerging evidence suggests that liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) represents a vital and ubiquitous phenomenon underlying the formation of membraneless organelles in eukaryotic cells (also known as biomolecular condensates or droplets). Recent studies have revealed evidences that indicate that LLPS plays a vital role in human health and diseases. In this review, we describe our current understanding of LLPS and summarize its physiological functions. We further describe the role of LLPS in the development of human diseases. Additionally, we review the recently developed methods for studying LLPS. Although LLPS research is in its infancy—but is fast-growing—it is clear that LLPS plays an essential role in the development of pathophysiological conditions. This highlights the need for an overview of the recent advances in the field to translate our current knowledge regarding LLPS into therapeutic discoveries.

scholarly journals Drosophila Gut—A Nexus Between Dietary Restriction and Lifespan

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 3810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Lian ◽  
Qi Wu ◽  
Brian Hodge ◽  
Kenneth Wilson ◽  
Guixiang Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Dietary Restriction ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Accumulation Of Damage

Aging is often defined as the accumulation of damage at the molecular and cellular levels which, over time, results in marked physiological impairments throughout the organism. Dietary restriction (DR) has been recognized as one of the strongest lifespan extending therapies observed in a wide array of organisms. Recent studies aimed at elucidating how DR promotes healthy aging have demonstrated a vital role of the digestive tract in mediating the beneficial effects of DR. Here, we review how dietary restriction influences gut metabolic homeostasis and immune function. Our discussion is focused on studies of the Drosophila digestive tract, where we describe in detail the potential mechanisms in which DR enhances maintenance of the intestinal epithelial barrier, up-regulates lipid metabolic processes, and improves the ability of the gut to deal with damage or stress. We also examine evidence of a tissue-tissue crosstalk between gut and neighboring organs including brain and fat body. Taken together, we argue that the Drosophila gut plays a critical role in DR-mediated lifespan extension.

scholarly journals The Role of Sufistic-Based Kiai Leadership in Developing the Character of Santri in the Pesantren

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1705-1714
Author(s):  
Chusnul Muali ◽  
Moh Rofiki ◽  
Hasan Baharun ◽  
Zamroni Zamroni ◽  
Lukman Sholeh
Keyword(s):  
Essential Role ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Reduction Techniques ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Common Understanding

This study aims to describe Sufistic-based Kiai leadership's role in shaping Santri character at the Pesantren Nurul Jadid Paiton Probolinggo. This research is a case study qualitative approach, with Kiai as the subject. We collected data using interview, documentation, and observation techniques, then analyzed using reduction techniques, presenting data, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that the Sufistic-based Kiai's leadership had an essential role in fostering the character of the Santri. The study results indicate that the Sufistic-based Kiai leadership has a vital role in promoting the surface of the Santri. Kiai is a person who gives influence in building character with Uswah (Modelling). This study also found that the factors that influence low morale are that Santri has a common understanding of the latest technological developments. In Sufistic-based leadership, there are four things that a leader must possess: 1) The Tawasuth, 2) The nature of I'tidal, 3) The Tawazun, and 4) The Tasamuh.

scholarly journals The Essential Role of anxA2 in Langerhans Cell Birbeck Granules Formation

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shantae M. Thornton ◽  
Varsha D. Samararatne ◽  
Joseph G. Skeate ◽  
Christopher Buser ◽  
Kim P. Lühen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Antigen Processing ◽  
Viral Antigen ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
The Body ◽  
Birbeck Granules ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Antigen Presenting

Langerhans cells (LC) are the resident antigen presenting cells of the mucosal epithelium and play an essential role in initiating immune responses. LC are the only cells in the body to contain Birbeck granules (BG), which are unique cytoplasmic organelles comprised of c-type lectin langerin. Studies of BG have historically focused on morphological characterizations, but BG have also been implicated in viral antigen processing which suggests that they can serve a function in antiviral immunity. This study focused on investigating proteins that could be involved in BG formation to further characterize their structure using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Here, we report a critical role for the protein annexin A2 (anxA2) in the proper formation of BG structures. When anxA2 expression is downregulated, langerin expression decreases, cytoplasmic BG are nearly ablated, and the presence of malformed BG-like structures increases. Furthermore, in the absence of anxA2, we found langerin was no longer localized to BG or BG-like structures. Taken together, these results indicate an essential role for anxA2 in facilitating the proper formation of BG.

scholarly journals The critical role of Krüppel-like factors in kidney disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 312 (2) ◽  
pp. F259-F265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep K. Mallipattu ◽  
Chelsea C. Estrada ◽  
John C. He
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Barrier ◽  
Kidney Fibrosis ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Filtration Barrier ◽  
And Function ◽  
Mammalian Embryonic Development

Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) are a family of zinc-finger transcription factors critical to mammalian embryonic development, regeneration, and human disease. There is emerging evidence that KLFs play a vital role in key physiological processes in the kidney, ranging from maintenance of glomerular filtration barrier to tubulointerstitial inflammation to progression of kidney fibrosis. Seventeen members of the KLF family have been identified, and several have been well characterized in the kidney. Although they may share some overlap in their downstream targets, their structure and function remain distinct. This review highlights our current knowledge of KLFs in the kidney, which includes their pattern of expression and their function in regulating key biological processes. We will also critically examine the currently available literature on KLFs in the kidney and offer some key areas in need of further investigation.

scholarly journals EPC1/TIP60-Mediated Histone Acetylation Facilitates Spermiogenesis in Mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yixin Dong ◽  
Kyo-ichi Isono ◽  
Kazuyuki Ohbo ◽  
Takaho A. Endo ◽  
Osamu Ohara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histone Acetylation ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Male Germ Cells ◽  
Genetic Ablation ◽  
Histone Hyperacetylation ◽  
Critical Components ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

ABSTRACT Global histone hyperacetylation is suggested to play a critical role for replacement of histones by transition proteins and protamines to compact the genome during spermiogenesis. However, the underlying mechanisms for hyperacetylation-mediated histone replacement remains poorly understood. Here, we report that EPC1 and TIP60, two critical components of the mammalian nucleosome acetyltransferase of H4 (NuA4) complexes, are coexpressed in male germ cells. Strikingly, genetic ablation of either Epc1 or Tip60 disrupts hyperacetylation and impairs histone replacement, in turn causing aberrant spermatid development. Taking these observations together, we reveal an essential role of the NuA4 complexes for histone hyperacetylation and subsequent compaction of the spermatid genome.

scholarly journals The Feminine Side of Senthong

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 123-134
Author(s):  
Siti Badriyah
Keyword(s):  
Essential Role ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
The Feminine ◽  
Spatial System ◽  
Rice Seeds ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
Occupy Central ◽  
Taking Care

Senthong is a part of space in a traditional Javanese house which is divided into three rooms, namely senthong kiwa, senthong tengah, and senthong tengen. Senthong Tengen is used for men (family leaders), while Senthong Kiwa is for women (Garwa). Senthong Tengah is a room flanked and has a function to store rice seeds (farmers), as a place of meditation and to praise Dewi Sri so that this space is private and sacred. This makes Senthong have a room that is dark, cool and closed. Javanese women are synonymous with gentle, polite and have an essential role in taking care of the household. Women's strength in managing a single home is a form of support for their husbands to build an ideal household. Senthong and Javanese women are two things that have an important role related to the existence of traditional Javanese houses. Both occupy central positions as privacy centres based on the spatial system. This paper discusses the feminine side of senthong using a symbolic analogy approach as a form of conveying meaning. It is interesting to study. After all, it is a form of helping to preserve the local wisdom of Javanese house architecture, because it sees the development of the current culture that brings Javanese society's view of the vital role of women.

scholarly journals Role of Information Technology in COVID19 Vaccination Drive: An Analysis of the COVID-19 Global Beliefs, Behaviors, and Norms Survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debjyoti Talukdar ◽  
Kire Stojkovski ◽  
Daniel Suarez
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Vaccine Acceptance ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Diverse Communities ◽  
Role Of Information

With the onset of the COVID19 pandemic, information technology has played a critical role in healthcare. A broad spectrum of information technology tools and applications played an essential role to create awareness of the COVID19 vaccination drive and its health benefits. We use the COVID-19 Global Beliefs, Behaviors, and Norms Survey for analysis of prevalence and factors associated with vaccination drives among men and women aged 20-80 years in 60 countries worldwide. Our analysis of the global survey offers a unique perspective about the role of information technology associated with vaccination drives involving social norms and human behavior among 437,236 respondents. The international survey was organized using a pre-registered randomized experiment demonstrating the role of technology in reaching out to people based in diverse communities and evaluating their beliefs, behavior, and social norms. The study shows that vaccine acceptance can vary due to descriptive norms. Our analysis shows 65.06% of people all over the globe are willing to get vaccinated and a large proportion of the population thinks that the COVID19 pandemic is a viable threat to the community and preventive measures need to be taken including vaccination drives.

Assertion, Negotiation and Subjugation of Identity: Understanding the Tamil-Malayali Conflict in Munnar

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-182
Author(s):  
Shyam Hari P.
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Identity ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
Major Objective ◽  
Heterogeneous Societies ◽  
Insight Into

Social identities play a critical role in the various phases of conflict. Existing literature often examines the role of social identity of groups in inducing conflict in heterogeneous societies. This article puts forward the view that the role of identity is not limited in terms of inducing conflict, but it also plays a vital role in influencing the dynamics of conflict. Based on this conceptual framework, the article outlines the conflict dynamics observable in the Kannan Devan Hills village in Kerala, where several factors, over the course of time in the last century, have led to the perception of conflict between the Tamils and the Malayalis. As a major objective, the article identifies the issues and processes of social interaction between the two groups that necessarily influence the nature of the conflict. The article identifies that the conflict between the two communities, though mostly latent, can be seen through three important aspects: assertion, negotiation and subjugation of identities. Through assertion of identity, the conflict is perceived over ethnic lines, whereas the process of negotiation and subjugation of identity constantly undermines the ethnic nature of conflict to specific grievances, thus giving insight into the dynamic nature of the conflict.

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