scholarly journals Propriedade e latifúndio: introdução ao debate sobre sua origem e perpetuação no Brasil / Property and latifundium: introduction to the debate about its origin and perpetuation in Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (50) ◽  
pp. 441
Author(s):  
Fábio Luiz Zeneratti
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Social Function ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
The Right ◽  
Right Of Property ◽  
Over Time

<p>Este trabalho busca analisar, a partir da legislação e das evidências do território, a formação da propriedade privada da terra e do latifúndio no Brasil. Este exercício teórico possibilitou delimitar os componentes do conceito de latifúndio, ademais permitiu identificar que a propriedade privada da terra continua intocável. A origem da classe de proprietários está ligada ao reconhecimento jurídico do título de propriedade, com todas as suas implicações, portanto mesmo os latifúndios presentes no território atualmente, ou seja, as terras que não exercem a sua função social, constituem-se em obstáculos aos camponeses, pois ao logo do tempo construíram-se aportes legais capazes de perpetuar o caráter absoluto do direito de propriedade.</p><p><strong>Palavras-chave:</strong> Propriedade. Latifúndio. Legislação. Camponeses. Terra.</p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>We intend to analyze in this paper, from the legislation and from the territory evidences, the formation of the private property of the land and of the latifundia in Brazil. This theorical exercise enabled to delimit the components of the concept of latifundia, furthermore it was possible to identify which the private property of the land continues untouchable. The orign of the class of owners is connected to the juridical recognition of the title of property, with all its implications, therefore even estates present in the territory currently. The lands which don´t exercise its social function, constitute in obstacles to the peasants, since over time were constructed legal contributions able to perpetuate the absolute character of the right of property.</p><p><strong>Key-words:</strong> Property. Latifundia. Legislation. Peasants. Land.<strong></strong></p><p align="center"> </p>

scholarly journals Implications of Hegel’s Dialectical Evolution of the Spirit to the Problem of Shortcut Mentality in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonaventure Chike Anetoh ◽  
Hilary Izuegbunam
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Mutual Recognition ◽  
Prosperity Gospel ◽  
Process Of Change ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
Country Today

This article focused on Hegel’s dialectical evolution of the spirit and its implications to shortcut mentality in Nigeria. Hegel’s evolution of the spirit is a process of change and human development, which moves from the individual to the state and then to the absolute. This process identifies and represents the world’s civilization as a gradual realization of the absolute. The fundamental questions are: What actually is Hegel’s dialectical evolution of the spirit? What is shortcut mentality? Has Hegel’s dialectical evolution of the spirit any implication for shortcut mentality in Nigeria? This article argued and insisted that Hegel’s dialectical evolution of the spirit has remarkable implications for shortcut mentality in Nigeria. A critical look at Nigeria today simply portrays a country beset by shortcut mentality in her quest for civilization. This is evidenced in many contemporary issues menacing our country today. The issues of get rich quick syndrome, quick fixes, examination mal-practice, Ponzi schemes, betting sites, corrupt practices, utopian prosperity gospel etc. are easily noticeable in almost every part of Nigeria. All these ills which have led to the malfunctioning of the economic, religious, educational, agricultural, and administrative sectors of Nigeria, are certainly the offspring of shortcut mentality. This shortcut mentality presupposes people not following the right and gradual path of change and development. It entails abhorrence of labour as well as suffering. Hence, the researchers employed analytical and hermeneutical methods to explore the implications of Hegel’s dialectical evolution of the spirit to shortcut disorder in Nigeria. This article argued that application of Hegel’s dialectical evolution of the spirit contributes enormously in combating the problem of shortcut mentality in Nigeria. Hence, the researchers recommended creativity, mutual recognition as well as positive attitude to labour and suffering as solutions to the issue of shortcut mentality in Nigeria. Key Words: Hegel, Spirit, Shortcut, Change and Nigeria

scholarly journals Liberalismo y feminismo: un análisis austriaco

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-72
Author(s):  
Cristina Lozano González
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Feminist Theory ◽  
Economic Freedom ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Feminist Movement ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Betty Friedan ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
The Right

This article briefly explains how the theory of the Austrian School and the Feminist Theory intertwine following, in this last theory, one of the fundamental authors, Betty Friedan. Beyond the typical interpretations about the feminist movement as a left-wing ideology, it is underlined, the importance of the role in the right to the private property concerning the development of its proposals and the need that economic freedom exists to promote the wealthness to all the citizens. Key words: State, Freedom, Equality, Capitalism, Right, Education, Private Property, Feminism, Evolution of Society, Justice. JEL Classification: P1. Resumen: En este artículo se explica brevemente cómo se entrelaza la teoría de la Escuela Austriaca con la teoría feminista, siguiendo, en esta última corriente, a una de sus autoras fundamentales, Betty Friedan. Yendo más allá de las interpretaciones típicas sobre el movimiento feminista como una ideología de izquierdas, se resalta la importancia del papel del dere-cho a la propiedad privada en el desarrollo de sus propuestas y la necesi-dad de que exista libertad económica para fomentar la riqueza de toda la ciudadanía. Palabras clave: Estado, Libertad, Igualdad, Capitalismo, Derecho, Educación, Propiedad Privada, Feminismo, Avance Social, Justicia. Clasificación JEL: P1.

scholarly journals Individual secession and extraterritoriality

2021 ◽  
pp. 195-239
Author(s):  
Joakim Kämpe
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Individual Rights ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Evolving System ◽  
The Right ◽  
Do So

The purpose of this paper is to take Mises’ observation on the need for the right of secession in order for the liberal program for peace and prosperity to be realized, and remove the doubts that he voiced regarding the feasibility of extending this right to individuals. We do so by explicating the theoretical and historical foundation of the concept of extraterritoriality, and by showing how extra-, or non-, territoriality is the only system which is consistent with individual rights, private property, and the non-aggression principle. By allowing for individual secession our proposal represents a highly decentralized, dynamically efficient, competitive, voluntary and constantly evolving system, and it would allow for an increasing diversification of law codes fully consistent with people’s subjective wishes. Key words: Extra-territoriality, Secession, Self-determination, Praxeology. JEL Classification: A10, A12, K00, K10, N40. Resumen: El propósito de este ensayo consiste en tomar la observación de Mises acerca de la necesidad de aceptar el derecho de secesión si se pre-tende hacer del programa liberal de paz y responsabilidad una realidad, y eliminar las dudas por él expresadas en relación a la posibilidad de ex-tender tal derecho al individuo. Llevamos a cabo dicha tarea por medio de la explicación de los fundamentos teóricos e históricos del concepto de extra-territorialidad y mostrando cómo la extraterritorialidad (o mejor aún, la no territorialidad) es el único sistema coherente con los derechos individuales, la propiedad privada y el principio de no agresión. Al permitir la secesión individual nuestra propuesta plantea un sistema altamente descentralizado, dinámicamente eficiente, competitivo, voluntario y en constante evolución, que además podría dar lugar a una creciente diversificación de los códigos legales de acuerdo a los deseos subjetivos de los individuos. Palabras clave: Extraterritorialidad, Secesión, Autodeterminación, Praxeo-logía. Clasificación JEL: A10, A12, K00, K10, N40.

Una repubblica fondata sul lavoro

2009 ◽  
pp. 197-238
Author(s):  
Gianni Loy
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
French Revolution ◽  
Private Property ◽  
European Law ◽  
Social State ◽  
Right To Work ◽  
The Future ◽  
Legal Duty ◽  
The Right ◽  
Italian Constitution

- Italy is a Republic based on labour that recognizes to all the citizens the right to work (artt. 1 and 4, Cost.). Such norms have contributed to create a model of "social" state, whose principles have been developed since the French revolution, as opposite to another model based on private property. Taking into consideration the opinion of the most important scholars who dealt with this topic and deeply marked the debate on this argument (as Mortati, Mancini and Natoli), this Essay focuses on the meaning of artt. 1 and 4 of the Italian Constitution, in line with the original perspective of the Constituencies; it tries to deny the theories which assume the existence of a legal duty to work; it deals with the value that those norms could have nowadays and in the future, as the European law does not assigne to the "right to work" the same meaning of the Italian Constitution.Key words: Right to work; Italian Constitution; French Revolution; Social State.Parole chiave: Diritto al lavoro; Costituzione italiana; Rivoluzione francese; Stato sociale.

scholarly journals The Right Of Ownership In The European Law

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Valbona Alikaj
Keyword(s):  
Private Property ◽  
Social Function ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Good Time ◽  
General Interest ◽  
European Court ◽  
The Social ◽  
Fair Compensation ◽  
General Economic Interest ◽  
The Right

The paper is about the case of the right of ownership, the social function that the constitutions of some western countries recognize to this rights and the balance of this right with other public interests. The right of ownership has a great importance even in the European judicial order. The right of ownership has undergone many changes with the creation of a single European market, so that nowadays we could not talk about only one ownership category. Special attention will be dedicated to the article 17 of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights according to which everyone has the right to own, use, dispose of and bequeath his or her lawfully acquired possessions. The limitation of this right will be legislated toward the public interest and toward a fair compensation being paid in a good time. In its decisions, the European Court of Justice has stated that the property as a fundamental right is described not as an absolute right, for the European judge the social function has to do with the general interest that is the basis of each treaty, that is the free and full competition. The private property for the jurisprudence of the community is a fundamental right, but it could be limited due to the general economic interest that aim to be realised.

Occupazione militare e tutela della proprietŕ privata

2012 ◽  
pp. 5-44
Author(s):  
Noemi Corso
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
International Human Rights Law ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Civilian Population ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
The Right

Moving from the complementary relationship between International Humanitarian Law and International Human Rights Law, this article analyses the issue of private property in occupied territory from the civilians perspective. In the attempt to verify if contemporaneous practice has modified customary international law obligations of Occupying Powers, the Author highlights the complex and heterogeneous evolution of the protection of the right to private property. On the one hand, practice confirms the strengthening of its safeguard by the extensive interpretation of the absolute prohibition on confiscation, forbidding an occupying power to take "permanent" measures of dispossession and de facto transfer of title. The same result is achieved by the enlargement of the material scope of application of the crime of pillage, and by the narrow interpretation of the derogation clause of the "absolute necessity of military operations", contained in the rule prohibiting the destruction of private property. Moreover, practice's development proves the existence of a privileged class of assets (such as foodstuffs, houses, or medical supplies), whose essential nature to the well-being of the civilian population makes them object of a stronger guarantee. On the other hand, recent trends show a weakening in the protection of the right to private property, above all within the context of prolonged occupation as well as trans- formative one. The occupant's widest powers of requisition of private property in these particular cases interfere in a deeper manner with the enjoyment of the right in hand, partly justified by the more and more flexible interpretation given to the general conservationist principle of military occupation law. Actually, this weakening is only apparent. From a broader point of view, the less protection of the right to private property is counterbalanced by the use of the proportionality test, to assess if occupying power action respects the other human rights of the civilian population.

Der Spielraum bei der Vermarktung von Waldleistungen ist eingeschränkt (Essay) | The scope for the commercialization of forest services is limited (essay)

2009 ◽  
Vol 160 (8) ◽  
pp. 228-231
Author(s):  
Hansruedi Walther
Keyword(s):  
Private Property ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Third Parties ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Forest Owner ◽  
Free Access ◽  
School Class ◽  
Market Niche ◽  
The Right ◽  
Exclusive Right

A forest owner can only commercialize non-wood products and services within a tightly restricted market niche. On account of free access being permitted to the forest it is impossible to deny to third parties the consumption of many non-wood products and services: everybody has the right to be in the forest for recreation. As a result many non-wood services cannot be commercialized by the forest owner, or not exclusively. What would seem unthinkable elsewhere on private property seems to be taken for granted in the forest: third parties may take products from the forest and even sell them without being the forest owners. For certain nonwood services or products, such as the installation of rope parks or for burial in the forest, the organizer must conclude an agreement with the forest owner or draw up a contract for servitude or benefit. In addition, for these activities a permit from the Forestry Department is necessary. On the other hand, for an itinerant school class or for the production of forest honey neither a binding regulation with the forest owner nor a permit from the Forestry service is necessary, provided that no constructions are erected in the forest. The only exclusive right which remains to the forest owner, besides the sale of his property, is the exploitation of his trees within the legal framework.

De zaak van Rechter Grootaert en de strijd om het Nederlands in Belgisch-Congo. Een symbooldossier uit de jaren vijftig

2008 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-46
Author(s):  
Bert Govaerts
Keyword(s):  
Private Property ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Free State ◽  
Court Cases ◽  
In De Praktijk ◽  
French Speaking ◽  
Congo Free State ◽  
The Right ◽  
Belgian Congo

In 1908 verwierf België de souvereiniteit over de voormalige Congo Vrijstaat, die particulier bezit van koning Leopold II was geweest. De nieuwe kolonie kreeg een soort grondwet, het Koloniale Charter. Artikel 3 daarvan bepaalde dat er in Belgisch-Congo taalvrijheid heerste, maar ook dat de Belgen er dezelfde taalrechten en -bescherming zouden genieten als in het moederland. Uiterlijk tegen 1913 moesten speciale decreten de taalregeling in rechtszaken en in de administratie vastleggen. Die afspraak werd niet gehonoreerd. De decreten kwamen er niet en de kolonie werd in de praktijk exclusief Franstalig. Een klein aantal Vlaamse koloniale ambtenaren verzette zich daar tegen en boekte ook beperkte successen, op plaatselijk niveau. Een doorbraak kwam er pas in de nadagen van de kolonie, toen een Vlaams magistraat, Jozef Grootaert, het recht opeiste om in het Nederlands te vonnissen. Pas na een lang en bitter gevecht, uitgevochten tot op regeringsniveau en mee gekleurd door allerlei persoonlijke motieven, werd uiteindelijk in 1956, meer dan veertig jaar later dan afgesproken, een decreet over het gebruik van de talen bij het koloniale gerecht goedgekeurd. Over een decreet i.v.m. bestuurzaken raakte men het niet meer eens voor de onafhankelijkheid van de kolonie in 1960. In het onafhankelijke Congo was er voor het Nederlands geen (officiële) plaats.________The Case of Judge Grootaert and the struggle for Dutch in the Belgian CongoIn 1908 Belgium acquired the sovereignty over the former Congo Free State, which had been the private property of king Leopold II. The new colony was granted a kind of constitution, the Colonial Charter. Article 3 of this charter provided not only that there would be freedom of language in the Belgian Congo, but also that the Belgians in that country would enjoy the same rights and protection of their language as they had in their motherland. The language regulation for court cases and the administration was to be laid down in special decrees by 1913 at the latest. That agreement was not honoured. The decrees failed to be drawn up and in practice the colony became exclusively French speaking. A small number of Flemish colonial officials resisted against this situation and in fact obtained some limited successes on a local level. A breakthrough finally occurred in the latter years of the colony, when a Flemish magistrate, Jozef Grootaert claimed the right to pronounce judgement in Dutch. Only after a long and bitter struggle that was fought out until the bitter end on a governmental level and that was also characterized by all kinds of personal motives, a decree about the use of languages at the colonial court was finally approved in 1956, more than forty years after it had been agreed. It proved to be no longer possible to reach agreement about a decree concerning administrative matters before the independence of the colony in 1960. In the independent Congo Republic no (official) role was reserved for Dutch.

The Right to Private Property. Jeremy Waldron

Ethics ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-204
Author(s):  
Hillel Steiner
Keyword(s):  
Private Property ◽  
The Right

scholarly journals Global Sensory Impairment Independently Predicts Decreased Social Function Over Time

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 414-414
Author(s):  
Anna Huang ◽  
Kristen Wroblewski ◽  
Ashwin Kotwal ◽  
Linda Waite ◽  
Martha McClintock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Social Function ◽  
Ordinal Logistic Regression ◽  
Sensory Function ◽  
Sensory Impairment ◽  
Over Time

Abstract The classical senses (vision, hearing, touch, taste, and smell) play a key role in social function by allowing interaction and communication. We assessed whether sensory impairment across all 5 modalities (global sensory impairment [GSI]) was associated with social function in older adults. Sensory function was measured in 3,005 home-dwelling older U.S. adults at baseline in the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project and GSI, a validated measure, was calculated. Social network size and kin composition, number of close friends, and social engagement were assessed at baseline and 5- and 10-year follow-up. Ordinal logistic regression and mixed effects ordinal logistic regression analyzed cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships respectively, controlling for demographics, physical/mental health, disability, and cognitive function (at baseline). Adults with worse GSI had smaller networks (β=-0.159, p=0.021), fewer close friends (β=-0.262, p=0.003) and lower engagement (β=-0.252, p=0.006) at baseline, relationships that persisted at 5 and 10 year follow-up. Men, older people, African-Americans, and those with less education, fewer assets, poor mental health, worse cognitive function, and more disability had worse GSI. Men and those with fewer assets, worse cognitive function, and less education had smaller networks and lower engagement. African-American and Hispanic individuals had smaller networks and fewer close friends, but more engagement. Older respondents also had more engagement. In summary, GSI independently predicts smaller social networks, fewer close friends, and lower social engagement over time, suggesting that sensory decline results in decreased social function. Thus, rehabilitating multisensory impairment may be a strategy to enhance social function as people age.

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