scholarly journals Algal Alginate in Biotechnology: Biosynthesis and Applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cagla Yarkent ◽  
Bahar Aslanbay Guler ◽  
Ceren Gurlek ◽  
Yaprak Sahin ◽  
Ayse Kose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Food ◽  
Wound Dressing ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
High Shear ◽  
Stabilizing Agents ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cell Microencapsulation ◽  
Emulsion Systems ◽  
Alginate Matrices ◽  
Main Producer

Algae are recognized as the main producer of commercial alginate. Alginate produced using algae is located in the walls and intracellular regions of their cells. Its properties vary depending on the species, growing and harvesting seasons, and extraction methods. Alginate has attracted the attention of several industries, thanks to its unique properties such as its biodegradability, biocompatibility, renewability and lack of toxicity features. For example, it is considered a good encapsulation agent due to the transparent nature of the alginate matrices. Also, this biopolymer is recognized as a functional food in the food industry. It can be tolerated easily in human body and has the ability to reduce the risk of chronic diseases. Besides, it is used as an abrasive agent, antioxidant, and thickening and stabilizing agents in cosmetic and pharmaceutic industries. Generally, it is used in emulsion systems and wound dressing patches. Furthermore, this polysaccharide has the potential to be used in green nanotechnologies as a drug delivery vehicle via cell microencapsulation. Moreover, it is suitable to adopt as a coagulant due to its wide range of flocculation dose and high shear stability. In this chapter, the mentioned usage areas of algal alginate are explained in more detail.

scholarly journals Scientific approach to the production of functional food ingredients based on unconventional plant materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-82
Author(s):  
K. L. Nekrasova ◽  
V. G. Popov
Keyword(s):  
Functional Food ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World

An alarming increase in stressful situations, psycho-emotional stress, physical inactivity, global indicators of overweight caused by the achievements of civilization, aggressive advertising and the availability of food products lead to the emergence of modern chronic diseases of the population in many countries of the world. The urban population was isolated from the use of a sufficient amount of natural plant materials with corrective and healing effects. As a result, the growth of new nutritionally dependent diseases is diagnosed. The solution to these problems can be found in the production of vegetable multicomponent functional food ingredients with a given chemical and biological composition, intended for inclusion in food formulations. A pragmatic approach allows you to make small changes to the traditional food environment and provide the population with healthy food. The aim of the work was to investigate modern scientific approaches to the design, development and production of food ingredients from non-traditional plant materials, their use in the food industry with the availability of scientific evidence of beneficial effects. Plants are a valuable source of biologically active substances. In many countries of the world, researchers study the national flora in terms of their nutritional and pharmacological properties, improve extraction methods, and design complex compounds to increase bioavailability. Discussions are continuing on methods for modeling multicomponent ingredients based on modern information systems, with the goal of optimizing and predicting the final product. There is a growing demand for healthy products manufactured using non-traditional types of food healing local plant materials: thistle meal (Lat. S?lybum mari?num), marsh saber root extract (Lat. C?marum pal?stre), etc. The use of a wide range of ingredients pays attention to foreign countries from non-traditional plant materials, for example, encapsulated banana peels in Australia, the use of lyophilized nettle extract in chocolate production in Croatia.

Versatile Health Benefits of Catechin from Green Tea (Camellia sinensis)

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satheesh Babu Natarajan ◽  
Suriyakala Perumal Chandran ◽  
Sahar Husain Khan ◽  
Packiyaraj Natarajan ◽  
Karthiyaraj Rengarajan
Keyword(s):  
Green Tea ◽  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Epicatechin Gallate ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Green Tea Catechin ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Background: Tea (Camellia sinensis, Theaceae) is the second most consumed beverage in the world. Green tea is the least processed and thus contain rich antioxidant level, and believed to have most of the health benefits. </p><p> Methods: We commenced to search bibliographic collection of peer reviewed research articles and review articles to meet the objective of this study. </p><p> Results: From this study, we found that the tea beverage contains catechins are believed to have a wide range of health benefits which includes neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, antiviral, antibacterial, and anti-parasitic effects. The four major catechin compounds of green tea are epigallocatechin (EGC), epicatechin (EC), epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), and epicatechin gallate (ECG), of which EGCG is the major constituent and representing 50-80% of the total catechin content. And also contain xanthine derivatives such as caffeine, theophylline, and theobromine, and the glutamide derivative theanine. It also contains many nutritional components, such as vitamin E, vitamin C, fluoride, and potassium. We sum up the various green tea phytoconstituents, extraction methods, and its medicinal applications. </p><p> Conclusion: In this review article, we have summarized the pharmacological importance of green tea catechin which includes antioxidant potential, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, antidiabetic and cosmetic application.

greater the probability that the particles will miss the high shear zones on a single pass through the device. For this reason the discharge of many rotor/stator devices is re-stricted with a series of holes or bars, or with a grid, which performs two separate tasks. First, a discharge grid absolutely limits the maximum particle size that can exit the mixer. If the holes on the discharge grid are 2 mm, it is virtually impossible for par-ticles larger than that diameter to pass through the machine. Rotor/stator in-line mix-ers are made with restricting grids as small as 0.5 mm, and a wide range of larger sizes up to 50 mm or even unrestricted outlets. A sample of such grids is presented in Fig. 29. But even the smallest usable discharge grid does not necessarily provide abso-lute control of the required size distributions in the range of fine dispersion. This is the second reason for the restriction on the discharge. By putting a more limiting dis-charge on the outlet, the flow rate through the device for a given set of pumping cir-cumstances (viscosity, density, system suction, and discharge head) is reduced and the residence time in the machine for a given particle or droplet is increased. The longer residence time increases the probability that a particle has to travel through the highest shearing zones and, thereby, be reduced to the smallest size that the machine is capable of producing. • • • • " ' ; • " * * «L £ J- •-

1998 ◽  
pp. 358-360
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Shear Zones ◽  
High Shear ◽  
Single Pass ◽  
Fine Dispersion ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Maximum Particle ◽  
Pass Through

scholarly journals Sandstone Petrology and Provenance in Fold Thrust Belt and Foreland Basin System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore Critelli ◽  
Sara Criniti
Keyword(s):  
Foreland Basin ◽  
Thrust Belt ◽  
Fold And Thrust Belt ◽  
Continental Block ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Geodynamic Processes ◽  
Dual Plate ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sandstone Composition ◽  
Main Producer

The sandstone composition of foreland basin has a wide range of provenance signatures, reflecting the interplay between flexed underplate region and abrupt growth of the accreted upper plate region. The combination of contrasting detrital signatures reflects these dual plate interactions; indeed, several cases figure out that the earliest history of older foreland basin infilling is marked by quartz-rich sandstones, with cratonal or continental-block provenance of the flexed underplate flanks. As upper plate margin grows over the underplate, the nascent fold-and-thrust belt starts to be the main producer of grain particles, reflecting the space/time dependent progressive unroofing of the subjacent orogenic source terranes. The latter geodynamic processes are mainly reflected in the nature of sandstone compositions that become more lithic fragment-rich and feldspar-rich as the fold-thrust belt involves the progressive deepest portions of upper plate crustal terranes. In this context sandstone signatures reflect quartzolithic to quartzofeldspathic compositions.

scholarly journals EXTRACTION AND PURIFICATION OF VEGETABLE PEROXIDASE: A REVIEW

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (31) ◽  
pp. 692-703
Author(s):  
Aline HAAS ◽  
Cleiton VAZ ◽  
Aniela Pinto KEMPKA
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Partial Purification ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Degradation Of Dyes ◽  
Extraction And Purification ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Purification Methods

Peroxidases are enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of various substrates, maintaining their enzymatic activity in wide ranges of pH and temperatures. These enzymes are used in processes for the degradation of dyes and phenolic compounds. Peroxidases are present in the tissues of several plants, and the search for new sources of this enzyme is necessary. This literature review aims to compile information about the extraction and/or purification of peroxidases contained in different plant tissues, presenting extraction methods, purification processes, enzymatic activities and their increments, according to the chemical and physical processes applied. Several plant sources can be raw material to obtain these enzymes, through different forms of extraction, where the processes of comminution predominate in the presence of buffer solution. For partial purification, are used precipitation with solvents (acetone and ethanol) and salts (ammonium sulfate) and centrifugation. For purification, chromatographic processes are used, in which molecular exclusion and affinity chromatography are prominent. It is concluded that there is a wide range of possibilities for obtaining the enzyme peroxidase from plants, with variability in the enzymatic activity when different extraction methods are applied. The purification methods used provide increases in the specific activity of the peroxidases.

scholarly journals Создание гибридов сверхсахарной кукурузы с высоким уровнем антиоксидантной активности с использованием тест-системы на основе стабильного радикала DPPH

2016 ◽  
pp. 50-56
Author(s):  
В. В. Поздняков ◽  
Ю. В. Харченко ◽  
Л. Я. Харченко ◽  
О. В. Анцыферова
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Maize Starch ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Index Value ◽  
Canning Industry

Гибриды сахарной и сверхсахарной кукурузы являются хорошим сырьем для производства функциональных пищевых продуктов, в том числе диетического и детского питания. Важными показателями высокого качества этих продуктов являются повышенное содержание белка и ценного масла, незначительное количество плохо усвояемого кукурузного крахмала и высокое содержание антиоксидантов, а также отменные вкусовые качества. В работе представлены данные по оценке антиоксидантной активности большой группы новых перспективных гибридов сверхсахарной кукурузы среднеспелой группы, созданных с целью получения ценных источников сырья для консервной промышленности. Значения показателя общей антиоксидантной активности варьировали в широком интервале значений (от 31,8 % до 60,4 %, 568,4–1008 мкг/г семян), что указывает на перспективность использования этого важного биохимического параметра в селекции сверхсахарной кукурузы на качество. Hybrids of excess sugar maize are good raw material for the production of functional food products, including baby food and diet. Important indicators of high quality of these products are high protein content and a valuable oil, a small amount of poorly digestible maize starch and a high content of antioxidants, and also excellent taste qualities. The paper presents data on the evaluation of the antioxidant activity of a large group of promising new hybrids of excess sugar maize of mid-group created in order to obtain valuable raw materials for the canning industry. Index value of total antioxidant activity varied over a wide range (from 31,8 % to 60,4 %, 568,4–1,008 mg/g of seed), which indicates on promising use of this important parameter in the breeding of biochemical excess sugar maize on quality.

scholarly journals Elements Identification in Golden Strawberries (Physalis Peruviana L.) using Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 851
Author(s):  
Uğur Akbaba
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
Medical Field ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Physalis Peruviana ◽  
Food Properties ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Important Health ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometer ◽  
Non Destructive

Physalis peruviana (PP) is a popular exotic fruit due to its functional food properties. This product has a wide range of uses in the medical field, including treatments for cancer, malaria, hepatitis, dermatitis, rheumatism, weight loss, and diabetes. In this study, the PP element concentrations were investigated using a Wave Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer (WDXRF). Al, Ca, Fe, Mn, P, S, Zn, Cl, K, Mg, Na, F, Si, and B were detected, and the Ca, Fe, Zn, P, Na, Mg elements were found in significant amounts. Therefore, PP has some important health elements. For example, Mg and Mn may be associated with diabetes control. WDXRF is a cheap, quick, and non-destructive technique used in the elemental analysis of plant samples.

Liquid Chromatographic Method for Determination of Extractable Nitroaromatic and Nitramine Residues in Soil

1989 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 890-899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas F Jenkins ◽  
Mariannee Walsh ◽  
Patricia W Schumacher ◽  
Paul H Miyares ◽  
Christopher F Bauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Linear Calibration ◽  
Soil Extracts ◽  
Spiked Soil ◽  
Collaborative Test ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Working Standards ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic

Abstract An analytical method was developed to determine the concentration of nitroaromatic and nitramine residues in soil. Air-dried soil samples are ground with a mortar and pestle and extracted with acetonitrile in an ultrasonic bath. A portion of extract is diluted with aqueous CaCh to flocculate suspended particles, filtered, and analyzed by liquid chromatography. The method provides linear calibration curves over a wide range of concentration. Detection limits ranged from 0.03 to 1.27 ng/g. Recovery of spiked analyte was better than 80% for all analytes tested. Each step in the analytical procedure was optimized using spiked and field-contaminated soils. This optimization included tests to (1) assess the effectiveness and kinetics associated with various extraction methods, solvents, and soil-to-solvent ratios; (2) compare separations achievable using various combinations of reverse-phase columns and eluants; (3) assess analyte recovery and ease of use for various procedures to remove particles from extracts; and (4) document stability of soil extracts and analytical stock and working standards. A ruggedness test and a preliminary assessment at 2 other laboratories indicated that the method was sufficiently rugged to justify a full-scale collaborative test. A comparison of extraction kinetics for spiked soil vs field-contaminated soil revealed very different kinetic behavior, indicating it is unwise to develop extraction procedures based solely on spiked soils.

scholarly journals Stabilization of Human Multidrug Resistance Protein 4 (MRP4/ABCC4) Using Novel Solubilization Agents

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 1009-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Hardy ◽  
Roslyn M. Bill ◽  
Alice J. Rothnie ◽  
Anass Jawhari
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Original Structure ◽  
Multidrug Resistance Protein ◽  
Stabilizing Agents ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Resistance Protein ◽  
And Function ◽  
Druggable Targets ◽  
Important Drug

Membrane proteins (MPs) are important drug discovery targets for a wide range of diseases. However, elucidating the structure and function of native MP is notoriously challenging as their original structure has to be maintained once removed from the lipid bilayer. Conventionally, detergents have been used to solubilize MP with varying degrees of success concerning MP stability. To try to address this, new, more stabilizing agents have been developed, such as calixarene-based detergents and styrene–maleic acid (SMA) copolymer. Calixarene-based detergents exhibit enhanced solubilizing and stabilizing properties compared with conventional detergents, whereas SMA is able to extract MPs with their surrounding lipids, forming a nanodisc structure. Here we report a comparative study using classical detergents, calixarene-based detergents, and SMA to assess the solubilization and stabilization of the human ABC transporter MRP4 (multidrug resistance protein 4/ABCC4). We show that both SMA and calixarene-based detergents have a higher solubility efficiency (at least 80%) than conventional detergents, and show striking overstabilization features of MRP4 (up to 70 °C) with at least 30 °C stability improvement in comparison with the best conventional detergents. These solubilizing agents were successfully used to purify aggregate-free, homogenous and stable MRP4, with sevenfold higher yield for C4C7 calixarene detergent in comparison with SMA. This work paves the way to MRP4 structural and functional investigations and illustrates once more the high value of using calixarene-based detergent or SMA as versatile and efficient tools to study MP, and eventually enable drug discovery of challenging and highly druggable targets.

scholarly journals Phenolic Acids of Plant Origin—A Review on Their Antioxidant Activity In Vitro (O/W Emulsion Systems) Along with Their in Vivo Health Biochemical Properties

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sotirios Kiokias ◽  
Charalampos Proestos ◽  
Vassiliki Oreopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Literature Evidence ◽  
Emulsion Systems ◽  
Review Reports

Nature has generously offered a wide range of herbs (e.g., thyme, oregano, rosemary, sage, mint, basil) rich in many polyphenols and other phenolic compounds with strong antioxidant and biochemical properties. This paper focuses on several natural occurring phenolic acids (caffeic, carnosic, ferulic, gallic, p-coumaric, rosmarinic, vanillic) and first gives an overview of their most common natural plant sources. A summary of the recently reported antioxidant activities of the phenolic acids in o/w emulsions is also provided as an in vitro lipid-based model system. Exploring the interfacial activity of phenolic acids could help to further elucidate their potential health properties against oxidative stress conditions of biological membranes (such as lipoproteins). Finally, this review reports on the latest literature evidence concerning specific biochemical properties of the examined phenolic acids.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document