scholarly journals Evaluation of Trans-Resveratrol as a Treatment for Periodontitis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracey Lynn Harney
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Clinical Translation ◽  
Pharmacological Profile ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Trans Stilbene ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Periodontitis is a globally prevalent inflammation-mediated disease that can result in varying degrees of destruction to the tissues supporting the teeth. The microbial pathogenic dysbiosis, oxidative stress, and deregulated inflammation, found in patients with periodontitis, make it a multifaceted condition that is difficult to fully resolve. Further to this, periodontitis has been associated with other systemic inflammatory conditions. Trans-resveratrol (3,5,4′-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) is a plant-derived molecule present in many foods, which have been shown to exhibit antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and regenerative properties. However, trans-resveratrol has been reported to have physicochemical shortcomings, which make its clinical translation a challenge. This review outlines a critical analysis of identified samples from the scientific literature that was conducted to assess the potential of RES as a viable therapeutic for periodontitis. The potential for the improvement of the limiting pharmacological profile of trans-resveratrol via nanoformulation is also explored.

scholarly journals In Vivo Pharmacological and Anti-inflammatory Evaluation of Xerophyte Plantago sempervirens Crantz

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anca D. Farcaș ◽  
Augustin C. Moț ◽  
Alina E. Pârvu ◽  
Vlad Al. Toma ◽  
Mirel A. Popa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Known for centuries throughout the world, Plantago species have long been used as traditional herbal remedies for many diseases related to inflammatory conditions of the skin, respiratory and digestive tract, or even malignancy. This study is aimed first at investigating the in vitro antioxidant and regenerative effects of Plantago sempervirens Crantz hydroalcoholic extract followed by an in vivo experiment using a turpentine oil-induced inflammation model. The in vitro evaluation for antioxidant activity was performed using classical assays such as DPPH and TEAC scavenging assays but also EPR, and the total phenolic content was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. The wound healing assay was performed on human cells (Human EA.hy926). Besides, the prooxidant activity was determined using a method which involves in situ free radical generation by laccase and the oxidation of haemoglobin. On turpentine oil-induced inflammation in rats, the in vivo effects of three doses of P. sempervirens extracts (100%, 50%, and 25%) were assessed by measuring oxidative stress (MDA, TOS, OSI, NO, CAT, and SOD) and inflammatory (CRP, WBC, and NEU) parameters. Having a rich polyphenolic content, the xerophyte P. sempervirens exhibited a strong in vitro antioxidant activity by scavenging radicals, enhancing cell regeneration, and reducing oxidative stress markers. Diluted P. sempervirens extract (25%) exhibited the best antioxidant, wound healing, and anti-inflammatory activity.

Metabolomics and Pharmacological Screening of Aspergillus versicolor Isolated from Hyrtios erectus Red Sea Sponge; Egypt

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1083-1102
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. Shreadah ◽  
Nehad M.A. El Moneam ◽  
Samy A. El-Assar ◽  
Asmaa Nabil-Adam
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Aspergillus Versicolor ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Pharmacological Screening

Background: Aspergillus Versicolor is a marine-derived fungus isolated from Hyrtios Erectus Red Sea sponge. Methods: The aim of this study was to carry out a pharmacological screening and investigation for the in vitro biological activity (antioxidant, cholinergic, antidiabetic and anticancer) of Aspergillus Versicolor crude extract’s active compounds by using different qualitative and quantitative methods. Results: The present study results showed that Aspergillus Versicolor crude extracts contain 0.6 mg total phenolic/mg crude extract. Aspergillus Versicolor also showed a potent antioxidative capacity by decreasing the oxidation of ABTS. The anticancer and inhibitory effects of Aspergillus Versicolor crude extracts on PTK and SHKI were found to be 75.29 % and 80.76%; respectively. The AChE inhibitory assay revealed that Aspergillus Versicolor extracts had an inhibitory percentage of 86.67%. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory activity using COX1, COX2, TNF, and IL6 was 77.32, 85.21 %, 59.83%, and 56.15%; respectively. Additionally, the anti-viral effect using reverse transcriptase enzyme showed high antiviral activity with 92.10 %. Conclusion: The current study confirmed that the Aspergillus versicolor crude extract and its active constituents showed strong effects on diminishing the oxidative stress, neurodegenerative damage, antiinflammatory, anti-cancer and anti-viral, suggesting their beneficial role as a promising fermented product in the treatment of cancer, oxidative stress, Alzheimer's, anti-inflammatory and anti-viral diseases.

scholarly journals The role of macrophage polarization and associated mechanisms in regulating the anti-inflammatory action of acupuncture: a literature review and perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaqi Wang ◽  
Shanshan Lu ◽  
Fuming Yang ◽  
Yi Guo ◽  
Zelin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Macrophage Polarization ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
M2 Macrophage ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Therapeutic Goals ◽  
Tissue Microenvironment ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Inflammatory Action

AbstractAcupuncture is used in the treatment of a variety of inflammatory conditions and diseases. However, the mechanisms of its anti-inflammatory action are complex and have not been systematically investigated. Macrophages are key components of the innate immune system, thus, balancing the M1/M2 macrophage ratio and modulating cytokine levels in the inflammatory environment may be desirable therapeutic goals. Evidence has shown that acupuncture has anti-inflammatory actions that affect multiple body systems, including the immune, locomotory, endocrine, nervous, digestive, and respiratory systems, by downregulating pro-inflammatory M1 and upregulating anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages, as well as by modulating associated cytokine secretion. Macrophage polarization is controlled by the interlocking pathways of extrinsic factors, the local tissue microenvironment, and the neural-endocrine-immune systems. It has been suggested that polarization of T lymphocytes and cytokine secretions resulting in modulation of the autonomic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, may be upstream mechanisms of acupuncture-induced macrophage polarization. We further propose that macrophage polarization could be the principal pathway involved in acupuncture immune regulation and provide the scientific basis for the clinical application of acupuncture in inflammatory conditions.

scholarly journals Melatonin and Microglia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 8296
Author(s):  
Rüdiger Hardeland
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Melatonin Receptors ◽  
Sterile Inflammation ◽  
High Complexity ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Multiple Signaling

Melatonin interacts in multiple ways with microglia, both directly and, via routes of crosstalk with astrocytes and neurons, indirectly. These effects of melatonin are of relevance in terms of antioxidative protection, not only concerning free-radical detoxification, but also in prevention of processes that cause, promote, or propagate oxidative stress and neurodegeneration, such as overexcitation, toxicological insults, viral and bacterial infections, and sterile inflammation of different grades. The immunological interplay in the CNS, with microglia playing a central role, is of high complexity and includes signaling toward endothelial cells and other leukocytes by cytokines, chemokines, nitric oxide, and eikosanoids. Melatonin interferes with these processes in multiple signaling routes and steps. In addition to canonical signal transduction by MT1 and MT2 melatonin receptors, secondary and tertiary signaling is of relevance and has to be considered, e.g., via the upregulation of sirtuins and the modulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory microRNAs. Many details concerning the modulation of macrophage functionality by melatonin are obviously also applicable to microglial cells. Of particular interest is the polarization toward M2 subtypes instead of M1, i.e., in favor of being anti-inflammatory at the expense of proinflammatory activities, which is well-documented in macrophages but also applies to microglia.

scholarly journals Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Effects of the Grifola frondosa Natural Compound o-Orsellinaldehyde on LPS-Challenged Murine Primary Glial Cells. Roles of NF-κβ and MAPK

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 806
Author(s):  
Sarah Tomas-Hernandez ◽  
Jordi Blanco ◽  
Santiago Garcia-Vallvé ◽  
Gerard Pujadas ◽  
María José Ojeda-Montes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Compound ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Grifola Frondosa ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Inflammatory Mechanism ◽  
Inflammatory Phenotype ◽  
Mice Brain ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

In response to foreign or endogenous stimuli, both microglia and astrocytes adopt an activated phenotype that promotes the release of pro-inflammatory mediators. This inflammatory mechanism, known as neuroinflammation, is essential in the defense against foreign invasion and in normal tissue repair; nevertheless, when constantly activated, this process can become detrimental through the release of neurotoxic factors that amplify underlying disease. In consequence, this study presents the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties of o-orsellinaldehyde, a natural compound found by an in silico approach in the Grifola frondosa mushroom, in astrocytes and microglia cells. For this purpose, primary microglia and astrocytes were isolated from mice brain and cultured in vitro. Subsequently, cells were exposed to LPS in the absence or presence of increasing concentrations of this natural compound. Specifically, the results shown that o-orsellinaldehyde strongly inhibits the LPS-induced inflammatory response in astrocytes and microglia by decreasing nitrite formation and downregulating iNOS and HO-1 expression. Furthermore, in microglia cells o-orsellinaldehyde inhibits NF-κB activation; and potently counteracts LPS-mediated p38 kinase and JNK phosphorylation (MAPK). In this regard, o-orsellinaldehyde treatment also induces a significant cell immunomodulation by repolarizing microglia toward the M2 anti-inflammatory phenotype. Altogether, these results could partially explain the reported beneficial effects of G. frondosa extracts on inflammatory conditions.

scholarly journals GLP-1 Analog Liraglutide Improves Vascular Function in Polymicrobial Sepsis by Reduction of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1175
Author(s):  
Johanna Helmstädter ◽  
Karin Keppeler ◽  
Franziska Aust ◽  
Leonie Küster ◽  
Katie Frenis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Vascular Inflammation ◽  
Cecal Ligation ◽  
Isometric Tension ◽  
Polymicrobial Sepsis ◽  
Dot Blot ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Sepsis causes high mortality in the setting of septic shock. LEADER and other trials revealed cardioprotective and anti-inflammatory properties of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogs like liraglutide (Lira). We previously demonstrated improved survival in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxemia by inhibition of GLP-1 degradation. Here we investigate the effects of Lira in the polymicrobial sepsis model of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). C57BL/6J mice were intraperitoneally injected with Lira (200 µg/kg/d; 3 days) and sepsis induced by CLP after one day of GLP-1 analog treatment. Survival and body temperature were monitored. Aortic vascular function (isometric tension recording), protein expression (immunohistochemistry and dot blot) and gene expression (qRT-PCR) were determined. Endothelium-dependent relaxation in the aorta was impaired by CLP and correlated with markers of inflammation (e.g., interleukin 6 and inducible nitric oxide synthase) and oxidative stress (e.g., 3-nitrotyrosine) was higher in septic mice, all of which was almost completely normalized by Lira therapy. We demonstrate that the GLP-1 analog Lira ameliorates sepsis-induced endothelial dysfunction by the reduction of vascular inflammation and oxidative stress. Accordingly, the findings suggest that the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of GLP-1 analogs may be a valuable tool to protect the cardiovascular system from dysbalanced inflammation in polymicrobial sepsis.

scholarly journals Dibenzoylthiamine Has Powerful Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties in Cultured Cells and in Mouse Models of Stress and Neurodegeneration

Biomedicines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 361
Author(s):  
Margaux Sambon ◽  
Anna Gorlova ◽  
Alice Demelenne ◽  
Judit Alhama-Riba ◽  
Bernard Coumans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Mouse Models ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Motor Dysfunction ◽  
Oxidative Stress Marker ◽  
Bv2 Cells ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Thiamine precursors, the most studied being benfotiamine (BFT), have protective effects in mouse models of neurodegenerative diseases. BFT decreased oxidative stress and inflammation, two major characteristics of neurodegenerative diseases, in a neuroblastoma cell line (Neuro2a) and an immortalized brain microglial cell line (BV2). Here, we tested the potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of the hitherto unexplored derivative O,S-dibenzoylthiamine (DBT) in these two cell lines. We show that DBT protects Neuro2a cells against paraquat (PQ) toxicity by counteracting oxidative stress at low concentrations and increases the synthesis of reduced glutathione and NADPH in a Nrf2-independent manner. In BV2 cells activated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS), DBT significantly decreased inflammation by suppressing translocation of NF-κB to the nucleus. Our results also demonstrate the superiority of DBT over thiamine and other thiamine precursors, including BFT, in all of the in vitro models. Finally, we show that the chronic administration of DBT arrested motor dysfunction in FUS transgenic mice, a model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and it reduced depressive-like behavior in a mouse model of ultrasound-induced stress in which it normalized oxidative stress marker levels in the brain. Together, our data suggest that DBT may have therapeutic potential for brain pathology associated with oxidative stress and inflammation by novel, coenzyme-independent mechanisms.

scholarly journals Hydroxytyrosol alleviates oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and enhances hippocampal neurotropic signaling to improve stress-induced depressive behaviors in mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun- Tao Zhao ◽  
lu lu zhang ◽  
Haowen Yin ◽  
Ling Shen ◽  
Wenjing Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Phenolic Compound ◽  
Physiological Functions ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Hydroxytyrosol (HT), the main phenolic compound in olives and olive products, has antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and other physiological functions. The effects of HT on depression are unclear. The aim of...

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