scholarly journals Case Studies in Biogas Production from Different Substrates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Eugen Cioabla ◽  
Francisc Popescu
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Potential ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Small Laboratory ◽  
Preliminary Testing ◽  
Catalytic Materials ◽  
Combustion Processes ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Methane Carbon

The present paper involves applicative research in the field of biogas production with the accent on small laboratory scale installations built for biogas production, preliminary testing of substrate for biogas production and combustion applications for biogas-like mixtures. The interconnected aspect of the presented material involves cumulative expertise in multidisciplinary fields of interest and continuous development of possibilities to determine the energetic potential of substrates subjected to biodegradable fermentation conversion for further applications. The research analyzed the combustion behavior of biogas with different methane/carbon dioxide ratio without and in the presence of specific catalysts. Also, laboratory analysis on biomass substrates for determining their physical and chemical potential for different applications was performed. The main conclusions are drawn revolve around the untapped potential of the different types of biomasses that are not commonly used in the production of renewable energy carriers, like biogas, and also the potential use of residual biomass in combustion processes for an enclosed life cycle from cradle to the grave. The study involving the use of catalysts in biogas combustion processes present possible solutions which can be developed and implemented for increasing the combustion quality by using relatively cost-effective materials for the production of catalytic materials.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Conductivity Studies of Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) (PMMA) by Co-Polymerization and Blending with Polyaniline (PANi)

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1939
Author(s):  
Helyati Abu Hassan Shaari ◽  
Muhammad Mahyiddin Ramli ◽  
Mohd Nazim Mohtar ◽  
Norizah Abdul Rahman ◽  
Azizan Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Poly Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Conducting Materials ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Polymerization Condition ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is a lightweight insulating polymer that possesses good mechanical stability. On the other hand, polyaniline (PANi) is one of the most favorable conducting materials to be used, as it is easily synthesized, cost-effective, and has good conductivity. However, most organic solvents have restricted potential applications due to poor mechanical properties and dispersibility. Compared to PANi, PMMA has more outstanding physical and chemical properties, such as good dimensional stability and better molecular interactions between the monomers. To date, many research studies have focused on incorporating PANi into PMMA. In this review, the properties and suitability of PANi as a conducting material are briefly reviewed. The major parts of this paper reviewed different approaches to incorporating PANi into PMMA, as well as evaluating the modifications to improve its conductivity. Finally, the polymerization condition to prepare PMMA/PANi copolymer to improve its conductivity is also discussed.

Biosynthesis of selenium nanoparticles by Aspergillus flavus and Candida albicans and comparison of their effects with antifungal drugs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdi Hosseini Bafghi ◽  
Razieh Nazari ◽  
Majid Darroudi ◽  
Mohsen Zargar ◽  
Hossein Zarrinfar
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Selenium Nanoparticles ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Abstract Biosynthesis of nanoparticles can stand as a replacement for the available chemical and physical methods by offering new procedures as green syntheses that have proved to be simple, biocompatible, safe, and cost-effective. Considering how nanoparticles with a size of 1 to 100 nanometers contain unique physical and chemical properties, recent reports are indicative of observing the antifungal qualities of selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs). Recently, the observance of antifungal resistance towards different species of these fungi is often reported. Therefore, due to the antifungal effects of biological nanoparticles, this study aimed to investigate the exertion of these nanoparticles and evaluate their effects on the growth of fungal pathogens. Se-NPs were biosynthesized by the application of wet reduction method, which included specific concentrations of Aspergillus flavus and Candida albicans. The presence of nanoparticles was confirmed by methods such as UV-Vis spectroscopy, FT-IR analysis, and FESEM electron microscope that involved FESEM and EDAX diagram. The fungal strains were cultured in sabouraud dextrose agar medium to perform the sensitivity test based on the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method in duplicate. The utilization of Se-NPs at concentrations of 1 µg/ ml and below resulted in zero growth of fungal agents. However, their growth was inhibited by antifungal drugs at concentrations of 2 µg/ ml and higher. Based on the obtained results, biological nanoparticles produced by fungal agents at different concentrations exhibited favorable inhibitory effects on the growth of fungal strains.

scholarly journals Metal Oxide Nanoparticles and their Nanocomposite-based Materials as Photocatalysts in the Degradation of Dyes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 6557-6579
Keyword(s):  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Metal Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Synthetic Dyes ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
Degradation Of Dyes ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The introduction of inorganic and organic pollutants into water bodies has become a serious issue globally. The waste streams released from the textile, plastic, leather, paper, pharmaceutical, and food industries introduce different natural and synthetic dyes into the aquatic system. Nanomaterials play a significant role in the photocatalytic degradation of dyes present in wastewater. Inorganic metal oxide nanoparticles have many improved physical and chemical properties and attracted much attention in photocatalytic activities. Dyes have been released in our aquatic bodies due to many anthropogenic activities and caused life-threatening problems. Various conventional methods were reported to remove dyes from water and wastewater; the photocatalytic method is one of the efficient and cost-effective. The present review article includes detailed information on photocatalysis, the potential of metal oxide and their composite materials as photocatalysts in the degradation of toxic dyes, and some common synthetic and characterization methods used for metal oxide-based nanoparticles.

Biological Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and their Biomedical Activity: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 09 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarvat Zafar ◽  
Aiman Zafar ◽  
Fakhra Jabeen ◽  
Miad Ali Siddiq
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Biological Synthesis ◽  
Nanosized Particles ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Physical And Chemical

: Nanotechnology studies the various phenomena of physio-chemical procedures and biological properties for the generation of nanosized particles, and their rising challenges in the various sectors, like medicine, engineering, agriculture, electronic, and environmental studies. The nanosized particles exhibit good anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, drug delivery, anti-parasitic, anti-coagulant and catalytic properties because of their unique dimensions with large surface area, chemical stability and higher binding density for the accumulation of various bio-constituents on their surfaces. Biological approaches for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been reviewed because it is an easy and single-step protocol and a viable substitute for the synthetic chemical-based procedures. Physical and chemical approaches for the production of AgNPs are also mentioned herein. Biological synthesis has drawn attention because it is cost-effective, faster, non-pathogenic, environment-friendly, easy to scale-up for large-scale synthesis, and having no demand for usage of high pressure, energy, temperature, or noxious chemical ingredients, and safe for human therapeutic use. Therefore, the collaboration of nanomaterials with bio-green approaches could extend the utilization of biological and cytological properties compatible with AgNPs. In this perspective, there is an immediate need to develop ecofriendly and biocompatible techniques, which strengthen efficacy against microbes and minimize toxicity for human cells. The present study introduces the biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles, and their potential biomedical applications have also been reviewed.

Lignin peroxidase: Optimization of media for higher productivity by single factor optimization method

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 130-135
Author(s):  
Shruti Shukla ◽  
Anjali Padhiar
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Peroxidase ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Ligninolytic Enzyme ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Optimization Study ◽  
The Media ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Lignin peroxidase belongs to ligninolytic enzyme group and is one of the industrial important enzymes as it has wide applications in different sectors. Lignin peroxidase is produced by submerged fermentation process which requires optimization of physical and chemical parameters to achieve higher activity and make the process cost effective. The present study aimed at the optimization of physical as well chemical parameters of production medium. The optimization includes physical parameter such as incubation time, inoculum size, temperature, pH, RPM (Rotation per minute) while chemical parameters include carbon source, nitrogen source and different mineral elements. Form the optimization study, it was observed that highest lignin peroxidase production was achieved after 72 hours of incubation at temperature 300C, pH 6 and RPM 120. Optimization of chemical parameters reveals that incorporation of sodium nitrite (9g/L) in the media gave significant increase in enzyme activity. It was found that the maximum productivity achieved after optimization was 2214 U/ml which was four times higher than process without optimized parameters.

scholarly journals GREEN SYNTHESIS OF PLANT-MEDIATED METAL NANOPARTICLES: THE ROLE OF POLYPHENOLS

2019 ◽  
pp. 75-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
LATIF MS ◽  
ABBAS S ◽  
KORMIN F ◽  
MUSTAFA MK
Keyword(s):  
Metal Nanoparticles ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Metal Salts ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Labor Consuming ◽  
Day By Day ◽  
Biological Actions

The use of metal nanoparticles (MNPs) in various fields is increasing day-by-day leading to a genuine concern about the issues related to their environmental and biological safety. The major approaches for the synthesis of NPs include physical and chemical methods which are expensive and hazardous to health in addition to being toxic to the environment. This review highlights the potential of plant extracts to carry out the synthesis of MNPs with a special emphasis on the role of flavonoids in nanosynthesis. This green and clean approach have been actively utilized in recent years as an alternative to conventional hazardous approaches. It has proved as cost-effective, non-toxic, less time and labor consuming, efficient, and eco-friendly method for the synthesis of MNPs with specific biological actions. This review also focuses on the role of polyphenols, including the flavonoids as bioreductants of metal salts for the synthesis of NPs along with their biomedical applications. Various examples of the MNPs, along with their biological actions, have also been summarized.

Use of Scrap Tire Chips in Asphaltic Membrane

1996 ◽  
Vol 1530 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
Kamyar C. Mahboub ◽  
Phillip R. Massie
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Scrap Tire ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Moisture Barrier ◽  
Waste Tires ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Tire Chips ◽  
Potential Use

Findings of a study involving the use of scrap tire chips in an asphaltic membrane are reported. The research project was designed with two objectives in mind: investigate the effectiveness of an asphaltic membrane on top of a subgrade for maintaining moisture equilibrium in subgrade and study the potential use of scrap tire chips in asphaltic membranes. The effectiveness of the membrane as a moisture barrier needs to be evaluated over a long period of time. However, the method proved to be a cost-effective way of recycling waste tires in pavements. It is hoped that this study will contribute to various efforts in the area of cost-effective and sound use of waste materials in construction.

scholarly journals Droplet-based microfluidics as a future tool for strain improvement in lactic acid bacteria

2018 ◽  
Vol 366 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. i10-i16
Author(s):  
Jun Chen ◽  
Mike Vestergaard ◽  
Jing Shen ◽  
Christian Solem ◽  
Martin Dufva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Strain Improvement ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Strain Development ◽  
Mutant Selection ◽  
Mutagenesis Screen ◽  
Microbial Strain ◽  
Potential Use

ABSTRACT Strain development is frequently used to improve the performance and functionality of industrially important microbes. As traditional mutagenesis screen is especially utilized by the food industry to improve strains used in food fermentation, high-throughput and cost-effective screening tools are important in mutant selection. The emerging droplet-based microfluidics technology miniaturizes the volume for cell cultivation and phenotype interrogation down to the picoliter scales, which facilitates screening of microbes for improved phenotypical properties tremendously. In this mini review, we present recent application of the droplet-based microfluidics in microbial strain improvement with a focus on its potential use in the screening of lactic acid bacteria.

scholarly journals Potential use of ash from sugarcane bagasse to produce passion fruit seedlings

2020 ◽  
pp. 408-414
Author(s):  
Henrique Guimarães de Favare ◽  
Sandra da Costa Preisigke ◽  
Leonarda Grillo Neves ◽  
Kelly Lana Araújo ◽  
Milson Evaldo Serafim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
The Family ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Potential Use

The production of good quality passion fruit seedlings depends on substrates with adequate physical and chemical characteristics. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of doses of ash from burning of sugarcane bagasse on improvement of traits of the substrate "gully soil". The experiment was set up in a greenhouse and arranged in randomized block design, in a 2x7x2 factorial scheme. The following factors and their respective levels were studied: (i) soil structure,- aggregating between 4 and 10 mm and <2 mm; (ii) ash doses - 0; 1.5; 3; 6; 12; 24; and 48 t ha-1; (iii) families of passion fruit - F29 and F48. The use of ash combined to the soil with structure <2mm significantly increased the production of shoot fresh mass and shoot dry mass for both families studied. The density of the substrate obtained by the mixture of ash and gully soil (soil) decreased as ash doses increased, regardless of the size of the aggregates and the family studied.

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Aqueous Floral Extract of Nelumbo Nucifera

2013 ◽  
Vol 756 ◽  
pp. 106-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selvaraj Arokiyaraj ◽  
Udaya Prakash Nyayiru Kannaian ◽  
Vijay Elakkya ◽  
T. Kamala ◽  
S. Bhuvaneswari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Chemical Reduction ◽  
Colour Change ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Nelumbo Nucifera ◽  
Resonance Band ◽  
Afm Analysis ◽  
Reduction Methods ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The aim of the present study is to synthesize silver nanoparticles, using an aqueous floral extract of common Lotus, i.e Nelumbo nucifera. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using UV, TEM, EDX, AFM & XRD. The synthesized AgNPs were confirmed due to the colour change from colourless to reddish brown just after the addition of the aqueous floral extract of Nelumbo nucifera. The UV results of AgNPs showed the excitation of surface Plasmon resonance band at 427 nm. TEM results showed that the synthesized AgNPs were uniformed; monodispersed,spherical in shape and the particle size were found to be 77.81 ± 3.54 nm. EDX spectrum of AgNPs confirms strong signals from Ag (64%) and other elements such as C, O and Cl. The morphology of the synthesized AgNPs by AFM analysis resembled the TEM micrograph. The crystalline nature of the AgNPs was confirmed by XRD. The present study concludes that the aqueous floral extract of Nelumbo nucifera could be used as an effective reducing agent for the synthesis of AgNP. The green synthesis ofsilver nanoparticles is non-toxic and cost-effective and thus remains to be an alternative method to other physical and chemical reduction methods.

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