scholarly journals Market Performance and Structure of Cucumber in Ibadan, Oyo State

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iyabo Bosede Adeoye
Keyword(s):  
Gini Coefficient ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Market Performance ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Wholesale Market ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Handling Practices ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Performance Structure

Cucumber is an important vegetable due to its numerous health benefits. There are a number of empirical studies on the economics of production of the commodity, but there is insufficient information on marketing of the commodity. The study was therefore carried out to examine market performance, structure and constraints in cucumber marketing. Primary data was collected from 70 randomly selected actors in the supply chain (54 Retailers and 16 wholesalers). Data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics, net marketing margin, efficiency and Gini coefficient. Findings revealed that most of the retailers (70.4%) and wholesalers (81.3%) were male. Most of the retailers were within 31–40 years whereas majority of the wholesalers were within 41–50 years and all the marketers had secondary level of education (47.2%). Cucumber marketing was profitable at the wholesale and retail level both at the peak and lean season of cucumber production. Retailers sell an average of 159.8 kg and 83.8 kg weekly in the peak and lean season. Whereas wholesalers sell an average of 1,000 kg and 870 kg weekly in the peak and lean season respectively. Net margin at retail level was higher in the lean season (68.8/kg) compared to the peak season (46.6/kg). Similarly, at wholesale level, net marketing margin at the lean season was 17.5/kg and was higher than 6.3/kg obtained during the peak season. Marketing efficiency was greater than one for the wholesalers and retailers in both seasons. Gini coefficient of retailer was 0.32 and 0.36 for the peak and lean season indicating that the market was competitive. There was inequality in the wholesale market as indicated by the gini coefficient result. The most important constraint to cucumber marketing was perishability of the produce and price fluctuation. The study recommends improved sensitization on adequate post-harvest handling practices and storage to reduce the levels and consequences of the perishable nature of the commodity.

scholarly journals Effect of Marketing Intermediaries on Pricing of Onions in Benue State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-141
Author(s):  
Ali Ocholi ◽  
V. N. Ayilla ◽  
Monica Udeh
Keyword(s):  
Gini Coefficient ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Average Income ◽  
Marketing Efficiency ◽  
Multistage Sampling ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

The study examined the effect of marketing intermediaries on onion prices in Benue state, Nigeria. A multistage sampling method was employed to select 150 onion sellers in the study area. Primary data were collected using a structured questionnaire administered to respondents. Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics, marketing efficiency and Gini coefficient. The study revealed that the majority (66.7%) of the respondents were female, 46.7% were married with an average age of 38 and an average income of ₦96684.00. The result also showed e marketing efficiency of 5.19 indicating that the product was efficient in the study area and Gini coefficient of 0.29 indicating that onion marketing is perfectly competitive. Transportation and storage facilities constituted the greatest challenge faced by onion sellers in the study area. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended that the sellers should form cooperatives to promote bulk purchase which will, in turn, reduce transportation charges as well as enable them to achieve the benefits from economies of scale.

scholarly journals LESSENING THE PREVALENCE OF POVERTY THROUGH FISH PRODUCTION IN DUTSINMA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF THE KATSINA STATE, NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Family Size ◽  
Gini Coefficient ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Fish Production ◽  
Profitability Analysis ◽  
Poverty Status ◽  
Distribution Of Income

This study was conducted in the Dutsinma local Government area of Katsina State on the lessening of the prevalence of poverty through fish production. The primary data used were obtained using structured questionnaires administered to eighty (n = 80) fishermen in the study area. Descriptive statistics, Gini coefficient and profitability analysis were employed to analyze the data. The result showed that 53% of the fishermen were young, 100% were males and 85% were married. Some of the fishermen (52%) had a family size of between 1 and 5. Also 53% had acquired Quranic edification. Results from the study exposed those fishermen use their income to re-invest into fishing activities. The Gini coefficient value of 0.53 indicates that there wereinequalities in the distribution of income. The poverty status of the fishermen showed that 23% and 35% of them were core poor and non-poor respectively. It was also found that fishing was a profitable venture and 100% of the fishermen were faced with inaccessibility to credit facilities. Therefore, it was concluded that the production of fish in this area may lowerthe levels of poverty easily of adopted by re-investment in thissector.

scholarly journals ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF STRUCTUTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF POULTRY EGG MARKETING IN KANO METROPOLIS, KANO STATE, NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 443-451
Author(s):  
A. T. Lawal ◽  
A. O. Yusuf ◽  
S. A. Dambazau ◽  
Y. S. Ahmad ◽  
A. A. Adomi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gini Coefficient ◽  
Average Duration ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Entry And Exit ◽  
Free Entry ◽  
Cooperative Society ◽  
The People ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Storage

This study analyzed the structural characteristics of poultry egg marketing in five selected markets in Kano metropolis. Data were collected with the aid of questionnaires and were analyzed using descriptive statistics and gini coefficient. The study revealed that all marketers were males with an average age of 38 years and 27 years for wholesalers and retailers respectively. For wholesalers, the average household size is 8 and 5 for the retailers. According to the result, the wholesalers had 15 years as mean years of experience in poultry-egg marketing and retailers have 7 years. The result showed that the average duration of stay of the wholesalers is 15 years and 7 years for retailers. The study showed that 79.5% of the wholesalers were married and 20.5% are single while for the retailers 65.9% are married and 34.04% are single. The result indicated that about 66.7% of the wholesalers and 87.2% are literates. Result of the Gini coefficient analysis showed a high level concentration of 0.48 and 0.54 for wholesalers and retailers. The result shows that 100% of both wholesalers and retailers have free entry and exit in to the egg market, majority of the wholesalers (79.5%) do not belong to any cooperative society, while the remaining (20.5%) belong to one or more cooperative societies while 100% of the retailers do not belong to any cooperative group. It is recommended that good roads and storage facilities should be provided for the people in order to reduce the rate .

scholarly journals Access to Credit by Smallholder Female Farmers in Ho Municipality, Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Grace Denny Doku ◽  
Joyce Mamle Mawusi Obubuafo ◽  
Margaret Aba Sam Hagan
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
High Interest Rate ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Female Farmers

The study investigated the access to credit facilities by smallholder female farmers in the Ho municipality. Data for the study was collected from 58 randomly sampled smallholder female farmers in the Ho Municipality of Ghana. Primary data was the main source of data used for the study. Descriptive statistics including frequencies, percentages and graphs as well as inferential statics were used to analyze the data collected from the female farmers. Result of the study revealed that most of the female farmers within the municipality are aware of various sources they can access credit facility. However, several factors were identified to be militating against their access to credit. These factors include: High interest rate, lack of collaterals, low level of education was some of the factors identified. In conclusion, there is the need to encourage some of the financial institutions to support these farmers with concessionary loans. It is also recommended that Non-governmental organizations operating in the financial sector should come to the aid of these female farmers.

scholarly journals Structure and Efficiency of Trade in Wild Snail in Selected Markets in Ibadan Metropolis, Oyo state, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 597-600
Author(s):  
O.F. Akanni ◽  
B.A. Salako ◽  
R.I. Kolade ◽  
O. Olumide-Ojo ◽  
O.A. Oyetoki
Keyword(s):  
Gini Coefficient ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Profit Margin ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

The study examined the structure and efficiency of trade in wild snail in Selected Markets in fivepurposively selected popular markets in Ibadan metropolis, Oyo state Nigeria. Primary data were obtained from ahundred and twenty (120) snail marketers with the use of structured questionnaire and analyzed using Descriptivestatistics, Gini coefficient and budgetary analysis. According to the study, 80% of the respondents sourced theirgoods (snails) from the wild and the selling price is largely determined by the socio economic status of the buyer(40%). Also the enterprise is dominated by females (83.3%), more profitable in Apata market with a profit margin of ₦167,000 and generally efficient. Furthermore there is high inequality in the structure of the market as the gini coefficient (0.59) tends towards one while the major constraints to  marketing include transportation (from the wild to the market) competition among marketers and storage. The study therefore recommends that snail farming (heliculture) should be encouraged so that there will be massive production and availability of snails all year round. This would mitigate the identified problems and increase the benefits accruing to players in the snail value chain. Keywords: Structure, Efficiency, Wild snail, Ibadan metropolis, Profit Margin.

Effects of Financial Innovations on Profitability for Deposit Taking Microfinancing Institutions in Kenya

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 529-536
Author(s):  
Martin Khoya Odipo ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Financial Institution ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Microfinance Institutions ◽  
Financial Innovations ◽  
Strong Positive Relationship

Recent studies have documented that innovations improve profitability of firms. This article documents that deposit taking micro financial institutions that have adopted financial innovations have increased their profitability. The study covered five years between 2009-2013. Both primary and secondary data were used in the study. Primary data was obtained through administration of drop and pick questionnaires to selected employees of the institutions. Secondary data was obtained from financial statements and management reports of these deposit taking microfinance institutions. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, return on asset and multi-liner regression model to determine the effect of each financial innovation applied on profitability on the micro-financial institution. The results showed that most deposit taking microfinance institutions adopted these financial innovations in their current operations. There was strong positive relationship between individual innovations and profitability. In line with profitability ROA also showed improvement each year after the adoption of these financial innovations.

ATM Withdrawal Restriction and Customer Retention: A Case with Students and Pensioners

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajat Deb ◽  
Anirima Datta
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Graduate Students ◽  
Financial Planning ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Unlimited Access ◽  
Major Factors

Objectives: The present study seeks to examine the perception of the graduate students and pensioners of some selected localities of Kolkata about the importance of ATMs as a branch surrogate, impact of the ceiling on withdrawals from ATMs, and the strategies to win over the capping for the customers as well as for the banks to retain them. Participants and Data collection: It obtained primary data from 200 respondents consisting of 140 graduate students and 60 pensioners using different non-probability sampling techniques through schedule and personal interviews. Research Methods: Different statistical tests like factor analysis, Mann Whitney U test, students t-test, regression analysis, and descriptive statistics were performed to assess support for the hypotheses. The reliability of the questions and sample adequacy test was also carried out. Through factor analysis, five major factors viz. perceptions about ATM- an avatar for banks, customers satisfaction in ATM services, customers repercussion on capping, financial planning for withdrawals, and strategies for customers to avoid charges and for banks to retain them were extracted. Results: The results of the study suggest that youth prefer to use ATMs which has become indispensable and provide diversified financial services that leads to customers satisfaction, but withdrawing now requires some planning as customers need to visit branches to avoid fees. To retain the customers the banks should encourage the use of more electronic cards and net banking, should not charge for withdrawing own funds, allow them to access even the non-home branch ATMs close to the their locality, should reduce the minimum average floor balance to enjoy free unlimited access of home bank ATMs and keep currency of higher denomination to reduce the number of transactions.

scholarly journals Relationships between Final Purchasers and Offerors in the Context of Their Perception by Final Purchasers

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3271
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Izabela Baruk
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
World Literature ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Marketing Process ◽  
Research Gap

The aim of this article was to identify the role of good mutual relationships with offerors for final purchasers, as well as define the meaning of the perception of offerors in the scope of listening to purchasers’ opinions and profiting from purchasers’ readiness to cooperate for the specificities of the prosumeric activity. A deep analysis of the world literature was used to prepare the theoretical part of this paper. The results of this analysis confirm the existing cognitive gap and research gap regarding mentioned aspects, including energy market. Empirical studies were conducted to reduce identified gaps. The survey method was used to collect primary data. The collected data were subjected to quantitative analysis, during which statistical analysis methods and tests were applied (Pearson chi-square independence test, V-Cramer factor analysis, Kruskal–Wallis test (KW), and exploratory factor analysis). The results of the statistical analysis and testing allowed the three research hypotheses formulated to be checked. Between the significance of good relationships with offerors and their perception, a statistically significant dependence was identified for all groups of offerors. The perception of offerors was a feature differentiating respondents’ opinions about the significance of good relationships with offerors for the two following groups: producers and traders. Additionally, the perception of offerors was a feature differentiating forms of prosumeric activity of respondents only for three interpurchase behaviors. The results obtained have a visible cognitive and applicability value. They contribute to the theory of marketing, as well as possibly facilitating the formation of good mutual relationships between offerors (including offerors of energy) and final purchasers as key partners cooperating with offerors in the marketing process. The approach presented in this paper has not been studied and analyzed so far, either in theoretical or in practical terms. This fact confirms its originality and value.

scholarly journals The Effect of Using Social Media in the Modern Marketing Communication on the Shaping an External Employer’s Image

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4177
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Izabela Baruk ◽  
Grzegorz Wesołowski
Keyword(s):  
World Literature ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Communication Channels ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Marketing Communication ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this article was to determine the significance of modern marketing communication channels used in the process of shaping the external image of an enterprise as an employer. An analysis of the world literature on marketing, management, marketing communication and human resource management was used to prepare the theoretical part. The results of the analysis indicate a cognitive and research gap regarding the use of modern communication channels for building the external image of an enterprise in the role of an employer. In order to reduce the gap, empirical studies were conducted among young Polish potential employees, in which the survey method was used to gather primary data. The collected data were subjected to statistical analysis, during which the following methods and statistical tests were applied: the analysis of average values, exploratory factor analysis, Kruskal–Wallis test (KW), Pearson chi-square independence test and V-Cramer coefficient analysis. The results of the analyses conducted indicate, inter alia, that statistically significant diversity was identified in the case of non-professional media in terms of respondents’ opinions on whether the employer’s image created by modern media is better than the employer’s image created on the basis of classical marketing communication channels. In the case of professional and non-professional media, the age of the respondents was not a differentiating feature. Moreover, neither for professional media nor for non-professional media were statistically significant dependencies identified between respondents’ opinions on the impact of actions undertaken by enterprises on shaping their positive external image as an employer and respondents’ opinions on whether the employer’s image created on the basis of modern marketing communication channels is more beneficial than the employer’s image created on the basis of classical marketing communication channels. The results obtained on the basis of the research have a cognitive and applicability value, characterized by originality. Until now, the importance of using modern marketing communication channels in shaping the employer’s external image has not been analysed. This also applies to enterprises operating on the energy market.

scholarly journals From hierarchies to markets and partially back again in electricity: responding to decarbonization and security of supply goals

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Paul L. Joskow
Keyword(s):  
Market Integration ◽  
Investment Incentives ◽  
Wholesale Market ◽  
Security Of Supply ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Institutional Adaptation ◽  
The World ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
And Storage

Abstract Electric power sectors around the world have changed dramatically in the last 25 years as a result of sector liberalization policies. Many electricity sectors are now pursuing deep decarbonization goals which will entail replacing dispatchable fossil generation primarily with intermittent renewable generation (wind and solar) over the next 20–30 years. This transition creates new challenges for both short-term wholesale market design and investment incentives consistent with achieving both decarbonization commitments and security of supply criteria. Thinking broadly about the options for institutional change from a Williamsonian perspective – thinking like Williamson – provides a useful framework for examining institutional adaptation. Hybrid markets that combine ‘competition for the market’ that relies on competitive procurement for long-term purchased power agreements with wind, solar, and storage developers, ideally in a technology neutral fashion, and ‘competition in the market’ that relies on short-term markets designed to produce efficient and reliable operations of intermittent generation and storage, is identified as a promising direction for institutional adaptation. Many auction, contract, and market integration issues remain to be resolved.

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